US3721608A - Fluidizing devices for fluid beds,with in-process cleaning - Google Patents

Fluidizing devices for fluid beds,with in-process cleaning Download PDF

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Publication number
US3721608A
US3721608A US00161649A US3721608DA US3721608A US 3721608 A US3721608 A US 3721608A US 00161649 A US00161649 A US 00161649A US 3721608D A US3721608D A US 3721608DA US 3721608 A US3721608 A US 3721608A
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Prior art keywords
fluidizing
vessel
pipe
gas
valve
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00161649A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Saller
J Trechock
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FMC Corp
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FMC Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
    • C10B49/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A device for feeding fluidized gas into a fluidized-bed vessel, particularly useful in the charring of coal at elevated temperatures, which comprises a series of relatively large pipes disposed near the bottom of the vessel, each affixed to the vessel at only one point to permit ready expansion and contraction, and having a plurality of holes therein to pass fluidizing gas into the vessel, a second smaller pipe in each of the large pipes through most of its length and open at the inner end, one pipe of each pair being connected to a source of fluidizing gas, and the other being connected through a valve to the outside.
  • fluidized beds are used in a series of four or more vessels in which dried coal is first heated in a fluidizedbed catalyzation stage at a temperature above 250F and below tar-forming temperatures, then shockheated to tar-forming temperatures (typically 600 to 900F) by feeding directly to a second fluidized bed to remove tars (which may require more than one bed), then heated in at least a third fluidized bed to a higher temperature to reduce volatiles to below 3 percent, but not below 1% of hydrogen, and'finally cooled in still another fluidized bed or beds.
  • tar-forming temperatures typically 600 to 900F
  • This invention aims to provide a grid design "for fluidized beds in which feeder lines can be cleaned out readily before start-up, or during operation of the bed, without shutdown.
  • a fluidized grid which consists of a series of relatively large hollow pipes distributed uniformly adjacent the bottom of the fluidizing vessel, each pipe being rigidly affixed to the vessel only at its entrance therein to permit ready expansion and contraction.
  • Each of the pipes has at least one series of uniformly spaced holes in its bottom half to permit a substantially uniform flow of fluidizing gas along the length of the feed pipe.
  • In each pipe is a smaller pipe extending close to the end of the larger pipe.
  • One of each set of pipes is connected to a source of fluidizing gas, preferably through a manifold; the other is connected through a valve outside of the vessel.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the bottom of a fluidized-bed reactor with the fluidizing-gas grid in place.
  • FIG. 2 is a section through the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a section similar to FIG. 2, showing another arrangement of the piping.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of another piping arrangement.
  • FIG. 5 is a section across a feed pipe, without the cleaning pipe in place, to show a preferred disposition of the fluidizing-gas feed holes.
  • a typicalfluidized-bed vessel comprises a hollow cylinder 10 which may be of any desired height, may be insulated or not, and has a variety of arrangements not shown on the drawing for admitting and removing solids.
  • the fluidizing grid 12 is placed at the point in the vessel 10 where the bottom of the fluidized bed of solids is wanted, and may be supported in any convenient fashion; the space below the grid 12 should be maintained at a minimum.
  • the grid 12 is placed as shown in FIG. 2, near the bottom of the vessel 10.
  • the grid 12 consists of a series of feed pipes 14 each having at least one series of holes 16 drilled therein. Preferably, there are two series of holes 16 in each pipe, each drilled on the underside of the pipe 14 at 45 from the vertical. However, any desired arrangement of holes may be used.
  • Each pipe passes through the wall of the vessel 10 and is preferably welded to it 18; the pipes 14 all rest on Y a saddle 20 which in turn is attached to the bottom 22 of the pipe 14.
  • One of the pipes of each set is connected to a manifold 34 through which fluidizing gas is fed into the system.
  • the other pipe in the set is connected through a valve 36 to the atmosphere, preferably through a filter bag 38.
  • fluidizing gas passes through a riser 40 into the manifold 34, thence into the small pipe 28 and through the opening 30 into the large pipe l4 and through the holes 16 to fluidized the vessel 10.
  • the pipe 14 is connected to the atmosphere outside of the vessel through a valve 36; a filter bag 38 is mounted on the pipe 14 beyond the valve 36.
  • FIG. 3 An alternate construction is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the large pipes 14 open directly into the manifold 34 and the small pipes 28 are connected to the atmosphere through the valves 36.
  • FIG. 4 shows still another variation; in this variation, the pipe 14 is not connected through the manifold.
  • the pipes through which the back-filtered fines are'flushed out can be connected to a manifold (or manifolds), equipped with a valve, so that all of the pipes (or those connected to each manifold) can be cleaned out as a group.
  • opening of the valve 36 causes the fluidizing gas to push the'fines through the valve 36 and into the filter bag 38 and flush out the pipes 14 and 28.
  • this self-cleaning system is useful in any fluidizing grid in which fluidizing gas is fed out of'a series of feed pipes with small holes therein, and the specific system disclosed herein can be modified,
  • each feed pipe contains therein a second smaller pipe open at its inner end, one of the pipes being connected at its outer end of the source of fluidizing gas and the other pipe being connected at its outer end to the atmosphere through a valve, whereby on opening of the valve during operating the fluidizing gas will sweep solid matter out of the feed pipe through the valve.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
US00161649A 1971-07-12 1971-07-12 Fluidizing devices for fluid beds,with in-process cleaning Expired - Lifetime US3721608A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US16164971A 1971-07-12 1971-07-12

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US3721608A true US3721608A (en) 1973-03-20

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US00161649A Expired - Lifetime US3721608A (en) 1971-07-12 1971-07-12 Fluidizing devices for fluid beds,with in-process cleaning

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US (1) US3721608A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5522141B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU462269B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1375635A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT938853B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA723857B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4129411A (en) * 1975-04-24 1978-12-12 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Fluid distributor
US4221638A (en) * 1976-01-05 1980-09-09 Paraho Corporation Fluid-solid contact vessel having fluid distributors therein
US4241021A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-23 Stauffer Chemical Company Fluidized bed reactor system
US4274478A (en) * 1978-02-23 1981-06-23 Stal-Laval Apparat Ab Apparatus for cooling dust-containing gas
FR2542067A1 (fr) * 1983-03-02 1984-09-07 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Procede de nettoyage des buses d'un lit fluidise
US4606135A (en) * 1984-03-20 1986-08-19 Framatome & Cie Device for producing a fluidization
US5336332A (en) * 1991-06-26 1994-08-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Powrex Washing apparatus and method for fluidized bed pelletizing and drying machine
US6450682B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-09-17 C&M Inc. Method and apparatus for predicting the end of life of a gas scrubber
US6540842B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2003-04-01 C&M Inc. Method for in-situ cleaning of a gas scrubber
FR2875145A1 (fr) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-17 Manuf De Prod Chim De Tournan Dispositif de traitement par distillation de fraction hydrocarbonee
WO2022241221A2 (en) 2021-05-14 2022-11-17 Cummins Inc. Enhancements for low cost autothermal pyrolyzer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58182006A (ja) * 1982-04-20 1983-10-24 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 流動床燃焼装置

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4129411A (en) * 1975-04-24 1978-12-12 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Fluid distributor
US4221638A (en) * 1976-01-05 1980-09-09 Paraho Corporation Fluid-solid contact vessel having fluid distributors therein
US4274478A (en) * 1978-02-23 1981-06-23 Stal-Laval Apparat Ab Apparatus for cooling dust-containing gas
US4241021A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-23 Stauffer Chemical Company Fluidized bed reactor system
FR2542067A1 (fr) * 1983-03-02 1984-09-07 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Procede de nettoyage des buses d'un lit fluidise
US4606135A (en) * 1984-03-20 1986-08-19 Framatome & Cie Device for producing a fluidization
US5336332A (en) * 1991-06-26 1994-08-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Powrex Washing apparatus and method for fluidized bed pelletizing and drying machine
US6450682B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-09-17 C&M Inc. Method and apparatus for predicting the end of life of a gas scrubber
US6540842B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2003-04-01 C&M Inc. Method for in-situ cleaning of a gas scrubber
FR2875145A1 (fr) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-17 Manuf De Prod Chim De Tournan Dispositif de traitement par distillation de fraction hydrocarbonee
WO2022241221A2 (en) 2021-05-14 2022-11-17 Cummins Inc. Enhancements for low cost autothermal pyrolyzer
EP4337605A4 (en) * 2021-05-14 2025-03-26 Cummins, Inc. IMPROVEMENTS FOR A COST-EFFECTIVE AUTOTHERMAL PYROLYSER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT938853B (it) 1973-02-10
JPS5522141B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-06-14
GB1375635A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-27
ZA723857B (en) 1973-03-28
AU462269B2 (en) 1975-06-04
AU4328772A (en) 1973-12-13

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