US3721607A - Reagent composition and process for the determination of glucose - Google Patents

Reagent composition and process for the determination of glucose Download PDF

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US3721607A
US3721607A US00170949A US3721607DA US3721607A US 3721607 A US3721607 A US 3721607A US 00170949 A US00170949 A US 00170949A US 3721607D A US3721607D A US 3721607DA US 3721607 A US3721607 A US 3721607A
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composition
azide
liter
glucose
azino
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US00170949A
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W Gruber
E Bernt
K Gawehn
H Bergmeyer
W Werner
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Roche Diagnostics GmbH
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Boehringer Mannheim GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/54—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving glucose or galactose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
    • C12Q1/28—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase involving peroxidase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2326/00—Chromogens for determinations of oxidoreductase enzymes
    • C12Q2326/30—2,2'-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), i.e. ABTS

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Compositions comprising glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen, a buffer, an azide, and 2,2'-azino-di-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) provide remarkably stable test reagents for the enzymatic determination of glucose.
  • the present invention is concerned with a reagent composition and process for the enzymatic determination of glucose by use of the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase.
  • test reagents In the case of test reagents, it isgenerally desired that these contain all the necessary reagents in a pre-mixed state in order, on the one hand, to reduce as much as possible the expenditure of labor in carrying out large numbers of routine investigations and, on the other hand, to prevent errors arising in the mixing of several components.
  • these reagent mixtures should be in solid form but should be easily dissolved in water at the time of use and then remain stable in aqueous solution for as long as possible in order to avoid having to prepare new solutions continuously.
  • the present invention provides a reagent composition for the determination of glucose, which comprises glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen and a buffer, together with an azide and 2,2-azino-di- (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline--sulphonic acid), hereinafter abbreviated as ABTS.
  • ABTS can be used simultaneously as stabilizer and as the chromogen.
  • it is expediently present in the reagent in an amount of 0.25 to 1.5 grams/liter, preferably of about 0.5 grams/liter, of aqueous solution or, in the case of a solid mixture intended for the preparation of one liter of solution, is present therein in an equivalent amount.
  • the enzymes GOD and POD are expediently present in the reagent according to the present invention in amounts such that the mutarotation of the glucose and not the enzymes determines the rate of the reaction. This requirement is fulfilled by GOD concentrations of 2.5 to 15 X- 10 U/liter (i.e., units per liter) and of POD concentrations of 30 to I000 U/liter.
  • the buffer substance used should produce, in aqueous solution, a pH value of between 6.2 and 7.5 and preferably of between 6.5 and 7.2. All buffer substances can be used which do not inhibit the reaction, a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) being preferably used. However, tris buffer is unsuitable.
  • a preferred reagent according to the present invention for the determination of blood sugar comprises:
  • An especially preferred reagent according to the present invention comprises:
  • a further preferred reagent according to the present invention comprises:
  • the reagent according to the present invention can be in the form of an aqueous solution of. the components.
  • This aqueous solution has a good stability and can, depending upon the composition and especially upon the chromogen used, be stored ready for use for several weeks.
  • chromogen and enzymes had to be prepared in different solutions and, on the other hand, these solutions only had a limited period of use.
  • the reagents according to the present in vention have several advantages, especially an outstanding stability. Their storage at refrigerator temperature is more than one year. Furthermore, solid mixtures according to the invention, e.g., in the form of powders or possibly of tablets, have the advantage of being very easily soluble in water.
  • a further surprising advantage of the reagent according to the present invention is that the amount of POD can be substantially reduced from the previously used amount of about 250 U/liter to about 30 U/liter. Nevertheless, POD does not become the velocitydetermining reaction component. This enables a substantial saving of POD.
  • a reagent solution was prepared by dissolving 1.5 grams of the above solid powder mixture in 100 ml. water. This solution contained all reagents necessary for the determination of the glucose and, when stored at +4C. can be used for at least 8 weeks.
  • the reagent solution were mixed with 0.2 ml. of the glucose-containing solution (obtained, for example, by the deproteinization of blood or serum with a known deproteinisation agent, such as perchloric acid or uranyl acetate).
  • a known deproteinisation agent such as perchloric acid or uranyl acetate.
  • the mixture was left to stand for 25 minutes at ambient temperature and then the intensity of the colored material formed was measured. This was proportional to the glucose concentration present in the test solution.
  • a standard sample of known glucose concentration which was determined at the same time, the desired glucose concentration of the test solution can easily be calculated.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Stability of the peroxidase
  • the reagent solution described in Example 1 was compared with a reagent solution prepared in the same way but which did not contain ABTS, by measuring the activity of the peroxidase at different times.
  • the following Table shows the results obtained.
  • Reagent composition for the enzymatic determination of glucose which composition comprises glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen, a buffer, an azide, and 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-o-sulfonic acid).
  • composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:
  • composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein said composition is in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:
  • composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:

Abstract

Compositions comprising glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen, a buffer, an azide, and 2,2''-azino-di-(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) provide remarkably stable test reagents for the enzymatic determination of glucose.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Gruber et al.
[111 3,721,607 51March 20, 1973 [54] REAGENT COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE [73] Assignee: Boehringer Mannheim GmbH,
Mannheim, Postfach, Germany 22 Filed: Aug. 11, 1971 21 App1.No.: 170,949
[30] I Foreign Application Priority Data Aug. 28, 1970 Germany ..P 20 42 828.8
[52] US. Cl. ..195/103.5 C, 195/99 [51] Int. Cl. ..Cl2k 1/04 [58] Field of Search ..l95/103.5 R, 103.5 C
[56] References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 283,281 7/1970 Austria OTHER PUBLICATIONS Biological Abstracts 24: 24291 (1950).
Primary Examiner-Alvin E. Tanenholtz Assistant ExaminerMax D. Hensley Attorney-Ralph D. Dinklage et al.
57 ABSTRACT Compositions comprising glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen, a buffer, an azide, and 2,2'-azino-di-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) provide remarkably stable test reagents for the enzymatic determination of glucose.
1 13 Claims, N0 Drawings REAGENT COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE The present invention is concerned with a reagent composition and process for the enzymatic determination of glucose by use of the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase.
In carrying out the determination of glucose with the conventional use of glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide is formed according to the equation:
glucose H O gluconic acid H O This hydrogen peroxide oxidizes, according to this method, in the presence of peroxidase, a chromogen, for example, o-dianisidine, with a change of color. The oxidized chromogen is then determined and gives a measure of the glucose which has participated in the reaction.
In the case of test reagents, it isgenerally desired that these contain all the necessary reagents in a pre-mixed state in order, on the one hand, to reduce as much as possible the expenditure of labor in carrying out large numbers of routine investigations and, on the other hand, to prevent errors arising in the mixing of several components. For reasons of easier dispatch and storage, as well as of superior stability, these reagent mixtures should be in solid form but should be easily dissolved in water at the time of use and then remain stable in aqueous solution for as long as possible in order to avoid having to prepare new solutions continuously.
However, the previously known reagent mixtures for the determination of glucose by the glucose oxidase (GOD)/peroxidase (POD) method did not fulfill these requirements. In particular, it was found that stabilization with a preservation agent, such as an azide, which was normally well compatible with enzymes, was not possible because of the rapid decrease of the POD activity which occurred in the solution. Therefore, stabilization with an azide was not possible and the known unstabilized reagent mixtures could heretofore only be used for a short time after dissolving in water.
It has been found that this disadvantage can be overcome when a reagent of this type contains, as a stabilizer an azide together with 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid).
Therefore, the present invention provides a reagent composition for the determination of glucose, which comprises glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen and a buffer, together with an azide and 2,2-azino-di- (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline--sulphonic acid), hereinafter abbreviated as ABTS.
The use of ABTS as a chromogen for carrying out glucose determinations by the GOD/POD method has already been described in German Pat. specification No. 1,648,840. However, its use in combination with an azide is new and it was not to have been expected that a mixture of an azide and ABTS would exert a stabilizing action on the reagent, since neither of the two substances alone exhibitssuch a stabilizing action.
In the reagent according to one aspect of the present invention, ABTS can be used simultaneously as stabilizer and as the chromogen. In this case, it is expediently present in the reagent in an amount of 0.25 to 1.5 grams/liter, preferably of about 0.5 grams/liter, of aqueous solution or, in the case of a solid mixture intended for the preparation of one liter of solution, is present therein in an equivalent amount. If another chromogen is used, for example o-dianisidine, then a substantially smaller amount of ABTS suffices for the achievement of the desired stabilizing action in admixture with an azide, which amount is about l/200th of the above-given amount, i.e., l to 10 mg./liter and preferably 2 to 5 mg./liter.
The azide, which is preferably an alkali metal azide, for example sodium azide, is preferably used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.2 grams/liter of reagent solution or of a corresponding amount in the case of a solid reagent mixture.
The enzymes GOD and POD are expediently present in the reagent according to the present invention in amounts such that the mutarotation of the glucose and not the enzymes determines the rate of the reaction. This requirement is fulfilled by GOD concentrations of 2.5 to 15 X- 10 U/liter (i.e., units per liter) and of POD concentrations of 30 to I000 U/liter.
The buffer substance used should produce, in aqueous solution, a pH value of between 6.2 and 7.5 and preferably of between 6.5 and 7.2. All buffer substances can be used which do not inhibit the reaction, a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) being preferably used. However, tris buffer is unsuitable.
Therefore, a preferred reagent according to the present invention for the determination of blood sugar comprises:
buffer substance, pH 6.2 to 7.5,
2.5 to 15 X l0 U/liter GOD,
30 to 1000 U/liter POD,
0.05 to 0.2 grams/liter of an azide, and
0.25 to L5 grams/liter or 1 to 10 mg./liter ABTS and optionally at least one additional chromogen, preferably in an amount of 50 to mg., in the form of an aqueous solution or of a solid substance mixture.
An especially preferred reagent according to the present invention comprises:
0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 to 7.2,
9 to 12 X 10 U/liter GOD,
to 500 U/liter POD,
0.1 grams/liter of an azide and 0.5 grams/liters ABTS.
A further preferred reagent according to the present invention comprises:
0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 to 7.2,
9 to l2 l0 U/liter GOD,
150 to 500 U/liter POD,
0.1 grams/liter of an azide,
2 to 5 mg./liter ABTS and 50 to 70 mg./liter o-dianisidine.
As indicated above, the reagent according to the present invention can be in the form of an aqueous solution of. the components. This aqueous solution has a good stability and can, depending upon the composition and especially upon the chromogen used, be stored ready for use for several weeks. In this lies a substantial improvement in comparison with the previously usual reagents in which, on the one hand, chromogen and enzymes had to be prepared in different solutions and, on the other hand, these solutions only had a limited period of use. Thus, it is now no longer necessary to prepare several reagent solutions, each of which can only be used for a short period of time: the solutions prepared from the known reagents could not be used for longer than 1 day.
However, the reagents according to the present in vention, whether in solid form or in the form of solutions, have several advantages, especially an outstanding stability. Their storage at refrigerator temperature is more than one year. Furthermore, solid mixtures according to the invention, e.g., in the form of powders or possibly of tablets, have the advantage of being very easily soluble in water.
A further surprising advantage of the reagent according to the present invention is that the amount of POD can be substantially reduced from the previously used amount of about 250 U/liter to about 30 U/liter. Nevertheless, POD does not become the velocitydetermining reaction component. This enables a substantial saving of POD.
The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention:
EXAMPLE 1 In a ball mil there were ground:
9.50 grams secondary sodium phosphate,
4.6 grams primary sodium phosphate monohydrate,
120 milligrams glucose oxidase,
40 milligrams peroxidase,
0.1 grams sodium azide and 0.5 grams ABTS and subsequently well mixed together. The reagent mixture thus obtained was sufficient for the preparation of 1 liter of reagent solution. The stability of the solid reagent mixture in this form at +4C. was more than one year.
For the determination of glucose, for example in blood, a reagent solution was prepared by dissolving 1.5 grams of the above solid powder mixture in 100 ml. water. This solution contained all reagents necessary for the determination of the glucose and, when stored at +4C. can be used for at least 8 weeks.
ml. of the reagent solution were mixed with 0.2 ml. of the glucose-containing solution (obtained, for example, by the deproteinization of blood or serum with a known deproteinisation agent, such as perchloric acid or uranyl acetate). The mixture was left to stand for 25 minutes at ambient temperature and then the intensity of the colored material formed was measured. This was proportional to the glucose concentration present in the test solution. By means of a standard sample of known glucose concentration, which was determined at the same time, the desired glucose concentration of the test solution can easily be calculated.
EXAMPLE 2 Stability of the peroxidase The reagent solution described in Example 1 was compared with a reagent solution prepared in the same way but which did not contain ABTS, by measuring the activity of the peroxidase at different times. The following Table shows the results obtained.
No. of weeks without with at 33C. ABTS ABTS 0 100% 100% l 35% 67% 3 4% 30% The above results show that, after storage for 3 weeks at 33C., in the reagent solution according to the present invention, the peroxidase activity was seven to eight times higher than that in a sample only stabilized with azide.
It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
What is claimed is:
1. Reagent composition for the enzymatic determination of glucose which composition comprises glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen, a buffer, an azide, and 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-o-sulfonic acid).
2. Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) acts as the said chromogen.
3. Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the azide is an alkali metal azide.
4. Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said buffer is phosphate buffer.
5. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:
a buffer, pH 6.2 to 7.5
2.5 to 15 X 10 U glucose oxidase,
30 to 1000 U peroxide,
0.05 to 0.2 grams of an azide, and
0.25 to 1.5 grams 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-G-sulfonic acid), based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solution.
6. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:
a buffer, pH 6.2 to 7.5
2.5 to 15 X 10 U glucose oxidase,
30 to 1000 U peroxidase,
0.05 to 0.2 grams of an azide,
l to 10 milligrams of 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and
50 to milligrams of o-dianisidine, based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solution.
7. Composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein said composition is in solid form.
8. Composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein said composition is in the form of an aqueous solution.
9. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:
O.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 to 7.2,
9 to 12 X 10 U glucose oxidase,
to 500 U peroxidase,
0.1 gram of an azide, and
0.5 gram 2,2-azino-di-(3'ethyl-benzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid), based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solid.
10. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises:
0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 to 7.2,
9 to 12 X 10 U glucose oxidase,
150 to 500 U peroxidase,
0.] gram of an azide,
2 to 5 milligrams 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and
50 to 70 milligrams odianisidine,
2,2 '-azino-di-( 3 -ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid).
13. Method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the intensity of the colored material formed is measured and the glucose concentration present in the test sample is determined therefrom.

Claims (12)

  1. 2. Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the 2,2''-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) acts as the said chromogen.
  2. 3. Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the azide is an alkali metal azide.
  3. 4. Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said buffer is phosphate buffer.
  4. 5. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises: a buffer, pH 6.2 to 7.5 2.5 to 15 X 103 U glucose oxidase, 30 to 1000 U peroxide, 0.05 to 0.2 grams of an azIde, and 0.25 to 1.5 grams 2,2''-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solution.
  5. 6. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises: a buffer, pH 6.2 to 7.5 2.5 to 15 X 103 U glucose oxidase, 30 to 1000 U peroxidase, 0.05 to 0.2 grams of an azide, 1 to 10 milligrams of 2,2''-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and 50 to 70 milligrams of o-dianisidine, based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solution.
  6. 7. Composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein said composition is in solid form.
  7. 8. Composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein said composition is in the form of an aqueous solution.
  8. 9. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises: 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 to 7.2, 9 to 12 X 103 U glucose oxidase, 150 to 500 U peroxidase, 0.1 gram of an azide, and 0.5 gram 2,2''-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solid.
  9. 10. Composition as claimed in claim 1 which comprises: 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 to 7.2, 9 to 12 X 103 U glucose oxidase, 150 to 500 U peroxidase, 0.1 gram of an azide, 2 to 5 milligrams 2,2''-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and 50 to 70 milligrams o-dianisidine, based on each liter of ultimate applied aqueous reagent composition solution.
  10. 11. Composition as claimed in claim 9 wherein said azide is sodium azide.
  11. 12. Method for the enzymatic determination of glucose which method comprises contacting a test sample with a reagent composition comprising glucose oxidase, peroxidase, a chromogen, a buffer, an azide, and 2,2''-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid).
  12. 13. Method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the intensity of the colored material formed is measured and the glucose concentration present in the test sample is determined therefrom.
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4168205A (en) * 1976-06-09 1979-09-18 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Method for the determination of substrates or enzyme activities
US4250254A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-02-10 Modrovich Ivan Endre Stabilized liquid enzyme and coenzyme compositions
US4271264A (en) * 1976-09-13 1981-06-02 Modrovich Ivan Endre Stabilized liquid enzyme and coenzyme compositions
US4298688A (en) * 1978-07-25 1981-11-03 Veb Arzneimittelwerk Dresden Test device for the detection and determination of glucose
US4409328A (en) * 1980-09-19 1983-10-11 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Method and reagent for the determination of glycerol
WO1987007718A1 (en) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-17 Lawrence Paul J Fecal occult blood test reagents and methods
US4810633A (en) * 1984-06-04 1989-03-07 Miles Inc. Enzymatic ethanol test
US4818702A (en) * 1986-06-02 1989-04-04 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test reagent
US4820646A (en) * 1984-12-11 1989-04-11 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test method
US4937197A (en) * 1984-12-11 1990-06-26 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test method
US4939097A (en) * 1986-06-02 1990-07-03 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test methods
US5053342A (en) * 1987-12-24 1991-10-01 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test reagents
US5068197A (en) * 1984-12-11 1991-11-26 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test methods
US6586195B1 (en) 2001-11-19 2003-07-01 R.E. Davis Chemical Corporation Method of detecting sugars
US20030138867A1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2003-07-24 Copeland James C. Medium composition, method and device for selectively enhancing the isolation of anaerobic microorganisms contained in a mixed sample with facultative microorganisms
WO2006096691A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-14 Bergen Teknologioverforing As Determination of folate in samples of serum or plasma
US8691520B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2014-04-08 Clarkson University Reagentless ceria-based colorimetric sensor
US8969085B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-03-03 Clarkson University Portable nanoparticle based assay for rapid detection of food antioxidants (NanoCerac)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4168205A (en) * 1976-06-09 1979-09-18 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Method for the determination of substrates or enzyme activities
US4271264A (en) * 1976-09-13 1981-06-02 Modrovich Ivan Endre Stabilized liquid enzyme and coenzyme compositions
US4298688A (en) * 1978-07-25 1981-11-03 Veb Arzneimittelwerk Dresden Test device for the detection and determination of glucose
US4250254A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-02-10 Modrovich Ivan Endre Stabilized liquid enzyme and coenzyme compositions
US4409328A (en) * 1980-09-19 1983-10-11 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Method and reagent for the determination of glycerol
US4810633A (en) * 1984-06-04 1989-03-07 Miles Inc. Enzymatic ethanol test
US4820646A (en) * 1984-12-11 1989-04-11 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test method
US4937197A (en) * 1984-12-11 1990-06-26 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test method
US5068197A (en) * 1984-12-11 1991-11-26 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test methods
US4818702A (en) * 1986-06-02 1989-04-04 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test reagent
WO1987007718A1 (en) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-17 Lawrence Paul J Fecal occult blood test reagents and methods
US4939097A (en) * 1986-06-02 1990-07-03 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test methods
US5053342A (en) * 1987-12-24 1991-10-01 Litmus Concepts, Inc. Fecal occult blood test reagents
US20030138867A1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2003-07-24 Copeland James C. Medium composition, method and device for selectively enhancing the isolation of anaerobic microorganisms contained in a mixed sample with facultative microorganisms
US7374905B2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2008-05-20 Oxyrase, Inc. Medium composition, method and device for selectively enhancing the isolation of anaerobic microorganisms contained in a mixed sample with facultative microorganisms
US6586195B1 (en) 2001-11-19 2003-07-01 R.E. Davis Chemical Corporation Method of detecting sugars
WO2006096691A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-14 Bergen Teknologioverforing As Determination of folate in samples of serum or plasma
US8691520B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2014-04-08 Clarkson University Reagentless ceria-based colorimetric sensor
US8969085B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-03-03 Clarkson University Portable nanoparticle based assay for rapid detection of food antioxidants (NanoCerac)

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JPS5335479B1 (en) 1978-09-27
CA952416A (en) 1974-08-06
FR2131198A5 (en) 1972-11-10
IL37324A0 (en) 1971-10-20
HU163669B (en) 1973-10-27
CH560900A5 (en) 1975-04-15
IT941678B (en) 1973-03-10
NL7111668A (en) 1972-03-01
CH560901A5 (en) 1975-04-15
FI51638B (en) 1976-11-01
DE2042828B2 (en) 1972-07-20
AT308049B (en) 1973-06-25
IL37324A (en) 1974-05-16
DK134796C (en) 1977-07-25
NL154832B (en) 1977-10-17
GB1300338A (en) 1972-12-20
DK134796B (en) 1977-01-17
DE2042828A1 (en) 1972-03-09
SE368872B (en) 1974-07-22
FI51638C (en) 1977-02-10
SU513645A3 (en) 1976-05-05

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