US3721095A - Controllable force method and system of driving piles - Google Patents

Controllable force method and system of driving piles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3721095A
US3721095A US00173917A US3721095DA US3721095A US 3721095 A US3721095 A US 3721095A US 00173917 A US00173917 A US 00173917A US 3721095D A US3721095D A US 3721095DA US 3721095 A US3721095 A US 3721095A
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pile
chamber
driving
pressurized fluid
earth
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US00173917A
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S Chelminski
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Teledyne Bolt Inc
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Bolt Associates Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/06—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers for observation while placing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/10—Power-driven drivers with pressure-actuated hammer, i.e. the pressure fluid acting directly on the hammer structure

Definitions

  • the force mag- 173/131, 175/19 nitude is determinable by sensing pressure values oc- Cl. curring in the bounce chamben Force control is oh. [58] of Search ..6l/53.5; 173/ l 91, 5, tainable by regulating the flow of pressurized fluid into 173/139, 136, 137, 138, 131; 175/19, 56 the bounce chamber in response to the determination.
  • Peak pressure values are sensed by pressure gauge or [561 References Cited transducer means to determine the peak values of UNITED STATES PATENTS driving force being exerted on the top of the pile and control of the pile driver operation can be manually or 3,314,241 4/1967 Mayhall ..173/1 X automatically obtained. 3,353,362 11/1967 Lubinski 3,417,828 12/1968 Duyster et a1.
  • Previous methods and systems for driving piles using conventional type pile drivers have been ineffective in controlling the magnitude of the driving force being exerted on the pile being driven. This is due largely to the fact that the force on the pile has been measured or tested by inference, the standard procedure being to determine the load bearing capacity of a driven pile by reference to its resistance to be substantially further driven under a certain number of repeated blows by a particular size or weight of hammer. For example, one practice utilizing a prior art hammer calls for continued driving of the pile until its resistance to further driving requires delivering ten hammer blows to an inch of pile advancement. When the pile is being driven no faster than this rate, the desired load bearing capacity is assumed to have been obtained.
  • a disadvantage of the above manner of ascertaining the load bearing capacity by inference lies in the fact that the apparent resistance of the pile to further driving may be on the inability of the pile driver to drive the pile rather than on actual obtainment of the desired load bearing capacity.
  • soil conditions and in frictional effects which can occur between the earth and the side surfaces of a pile, and at the lower end of the pile various strata or rocks may be encountered. All of these variables can affect the pile driving operation.
  • Unknown to the operator the prior art driver may be malfunctioning so that it is not actually delivering its full rated blows. Thus, the pile would appear to be offering a certain resistance to further driving; whereas in fact the problem would be a lack of sufficient driving force. Later on, when a heavy structure is built upon the pile, it may sink down, causing damage to the structure above.
  • the present invention overcomes these and other disadvantages associated with the previous methods and systems and provides a manner and means for determining the actual force being exerted on the pile as it is being driven so that is magnitude may be controlled at a predetermined level.
  • a feature of this invention is that a massive piston weight is bounced up and down upon a cushion of pressurized fluid, the pressure of which is regulatable and is controlled.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling the thrust generated by a piston weight bouncing on a pressurized fluid cushion by controlling .the pressure of that cushion of fluid.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a method and system for determining and controlling the magnitude of the driving force being exerted on a pile by ascertaining the pressure values of a cushion of pressurized fluid trapped beneath the massive piston weight and regulating said pressure values in response to the determination.
  • a further feature of the present invention lies in the ability of the method and system provided to permit automatic control of the magnitude of a driving force being applied to a pile in response to a determination of that magnitude.
  • the pressure values of the pressurized fluid cushion within the bounce chamber are determined and additional pressurized fluid is controllably injected therein in response to the pressure value determination.
  • the thrust generated by the bouncing piston weight is controlled with the result that the magnitude of the driving force being exerted on the pile is regulated also. In this manner the magnitude of the driving force applied to the pile being driven is ascertainable and controllable within predetermined desired limits.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a pile driving valve and pressure gauge means for sensing pressures occuring in the bounce chamber and pressurized fluid feed means including a pressure regulator for controllably introducing pressurized fluid into the bounce chamber;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical axial sectional view similar to that of FIG. 2 showing, however, a pressure controller system which automatically controllably regulates the feeding of pressurized fluid to the bounce chamber in response to a determination of pressure in the bounce chamber;
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical axial sectional view similar to FIGS. 2 and 3 showing, however, associated with the pile driver system, a pressure transducer for sensing the pressure in the bounce chamber and an electronic controller which controllably regulates the introduction of pressurized fluid to the bounce chamber.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a pile driving system 1 comprising a transportable crane 2, a pile driver 20 and a pile 28 being driven.
  • the pile driver is readily and conveniently transported to a construction site or the like by means of the crane 2.
  • the transportable crane 2 comprises a movable boom 4 which is controlled by hydraulic piston or cable means 6 both of which are mounted on the chassis 3. Also located on the chassis 3 are pressurized fluid supply 8 and an intermediate fluid reservoir 10 as well as a control panel 12. Leading from the intermediate fluid reservoir 10 which receives compressed fluid at controlled pressure from the compressed fluid supply 8 there is a flexible pressure hose line 14 which connects with the pile driver 20. Leading from the pile driver to the control panel 12 is a pressure-value transmitting line 16.
  • the pile driver 20 is comprised of a cylindrical housing 22 having a head plug 21 and a coupling 30 for providing desired engagement with the pile 28 being driven.
  • the pile driver 20 is suspended from the boom 4 of the crane 2 by means of a support cable 18 secured to the head plug 21 in an appropriate manner.
  • leads may be included for guiding the pile driver and the pile. Such leads are conventional in the industry. They are a pair of parallel vertical guide rails which are rigidly fastened to the chassis 3 and may also be fastened at their upper ends to the boom 4.
  • a pipe pile 28 Shown being driven into the earth is a pipe pile 28, however, this is illustrative only it being understood that the present invention can be used to advantage in the driving of any type of drivable pile, such as H-beam piles, sheet piles, timber piles, pipe piles, etc.
  • Pressurized fluid is controllably fed into the bounce chamber, in a manner to be described in more detail below, through line 14 from the pressurized fluid supply sources 8 and 10 as controlled by a regulator located on control panel 12. This control is in response to determinations of the pressure values occuring within the bounce chamber, these determinations being transmitted to instruments on the control panel 12 by means of the pressure-value transmitting line 16.
  • the pile driver system 20 comprises a cylinder wall 22 surrounding a cylinder 23 provided with a massive piston weight assembly,
  • cylinder bottom assembly At the lower end of the cylinder wall 22 is a cylinder bottom assembly,
  • the cylinder bottom assembly 26 includes a second piston 60 coupled to the pile 28 being driven by a detachable coupling 30 and a pile driving adaptor 32 which is shaped so as to engage the upper end of the particular pile being driven.
  • a bounce chamber 34 Within the cylinder wall 22 between the lower end of massive piston weight assembly 24 and the cylinder bottom assembly 26 is a bounce chamber 34.
  • Pressure fluid injection means 36 are provided for suddenly injecting pressurized fluid into the bounce chamber 34 beneath the descending piston weight assembly 24.
  • This fluid injection means 36 includes a pressurized driving fluid storage chamber 38 and a piston-actuated valve mechanism 40 which communicates with the bounce chamber 34.
  • the massive piston weight assembly 24 moves up and down within the cylinder 23, and it is bounced upon a cushion of pressurized fluid in the bounce chamber 34.
  • the massive piston weight assembly 24 includes a main weight 42 of suitable massive strong material.
  • a hearing sleeve member 44 is mounted on each end of the main weight 42 and has an annular configuration which fits onto a reduced diameter end portion 46 at the end of the weight 42, abutting an annular shoulder 48.
  • the bearing sleeve member 44 is retained by an end cap 50 of tough hardened steel secured to the weight 42 by detachable fastening means (not illustrated).
  • Piston rings (not shown) are provided at 54 to provide a fluid tight seal.
  • the cylinder bottom assembly 26 includes a second piston 60 which is adapted to move up and down to a limited travel distance within a second cylinder 61 which is defined by a lower extension of the cylinder wall 22 below the level of the bounce chamber 34.
  • An annular retainer and bearing element 65 defining the lower end of the cylinder 61 is secured to a mounting ring 69 which is welded to the exterior of the cylinder wall 22.
  • At the lower end of the second piston 60 there is a coupling flange 71 adapted to be gripped by the detachable coupling 30.
  • the detachable coupling 30 is formed by two semi-circular clamps with protruding mating flanges properly secured together.
  • the fluid injection means 36 including the driving fluid chamber 38 and the valve mechanism 40, injects pressurized fluid through an injection port 62 into the bounce chamber 34 beneath the descending piston weight assembly 24.
  • the injection of the pressurized fluid by the valve mechanism 40 is actuated by the piston weight 24, by means of an upwardly extending actuator 91.
  • the actuator 91 is equipped at its upper end with pressurized fluid trapping means 93 in the form of a large cylindrical plunger. This plunger 93 can be depressed to flt snuggly into the port 62 to trap pressurized fluid in the bounce chamber 34 after the fluid has been injected into the bounce chamber.
  • the pressurized fluid is supplied from a suitable source such as the supply storage tank 8, mounted on the chassis 3 (FIG. 1), of an air compressor.
  • the compressed fluid such as air, is at a suitable pressure, for example, such as 80 lbs. per square inch (psi) to 3,000
  • the pressurized fluid is fed to the pile driver system through a flexible or rigid, depending on the application. pressure hose line 14 and through a connection fitting 96 (FIG. 2). This fitting 96 feeds into a passage which communicates with a bore 72 within the driving fluid chamber 38.
  • the pressurized fluid flows from the bore 72 through openings 73 into the driving fluid chamber 38, and when the piston weight 42 depresses the plunger 91 the fluid is injected through the port 62 into the bounce chamber 34.
  • the expanded pressure fluid is released from the cylinder 23 through a plurality of outlet ports 106 in the cylinder wall 22.
  • the air outlet ports 106 communicate with an annual muffler chamber 108.
  • the downstream or exit side of this check valve 112 is connected by means of a pressure-valve transmitting line 16 to a pressure gauge 114 mounted on the instrument panel 12.
  • the pressure value transmitting line 16 terminates at a point downstream of the pressure gauge 114 and has interposed between its termination point and the pressure gauge 114 a shut-off and bleed valve 116.
  • shut-off bleed valve 1 16 To determine the pressure values occurring during each cycle within the bounce chamber 34 the shut-off bleed valve 1 16 is closed. As the piston weight 42 compresses pressurized fluid in the bounce chamber the check valve is forced open, permitting the pressure to be transmitted to the pressure gauge 114 and to register thereon a reading of the peak pressure value occurring within the bounce chamber during that cycle. As piston weight 42 moves upward the check valve closes to retain the peak value reading on the meter 114. If higher pressure values are anticipated in the bounce chamber 34 during successive cycles, the shut-off bleed valve 116 may be kept closed since the successively higher peak pressures will be registered on the gauge 114.
  • This determination of the peak pressure values occurring in bounce chamber 34 provides an indication of the thrust generated by the bouncing piston weight 24 and being applied through piston 60 to the pile 28 being driven. As a result, the operator can determine the magnitude of the driving force being exerted on the pile as it is being driven. 5 As the pile 28 is driven deeper into the earth, its impedance,i.e. resistance to being driven further, usually increases. The result is to cause an increase in the peak pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber 34.
  • the check valve 112 serves to hold this peak pressure, and the gauge 114 measures what peak pressure is occurring, as the pile driving proceeds.
  • the engineering personnel who are supervising and driving job can calculate the peak value of the driving force in pounds or in tons being applied to the top of the pile. If desired, the gauge 114 can be calibrated to read directly in units of force, such as pounds or tons.
  • the operator can increase the driving force applied during each cycle by increasing the pressure in the pile driver storage chamber 38 and hence in the bounce chamber 34. In this way the operator can keep the driving force at the optimum value for the most effective and efficient pile driving in the least time.
  • the pile Conversely, if during the driving operation the pile encounters unexpectedly large impedance, the pile will advance very little during each driving cycle. The peak pressures in the bounce chamber 34 will increase, as will be indicated by the gauge 114. If the driving force is nearing the predetermined maximum, the operator can decrease the driving force applied during each cycle. In this way the maximum force on the pile is not exceeded.
  • the engineers can obtain further information about the various strata surrounding the pile.
  • the meter 114 may be provided with a manually adjustable pointer or index 117 which is pre-set to a position corresponding with the maximum desired force to be applied to the pile.
  • This pre-set index 117 is adjacent to an arcuate graduated scale 119 calibrated in units of force so as to provide a convenient reference for the operator to observe.
  • This reference scale 119 can be removable to be replaced by a different scale when a pile driver 20 having a larger or smaller diameter lower piston assembly 26, 60 is used.
  • the same gauge 114 can be used(calibrated in pressure)for various sizes of pile drivers 20, and the scale 119 is changed for different sizes of drivers.
  • pressurized fluid is introduced into the bounce chamber 34 by the valve 40 from the fluid storage chamber 38 which receives the pressure fluid from a pressurized fluid supply via the pressure hose line 14.
  • the pressurized fluid supply may include an air compressor as seen in FIG. 1 at 9 having a receiver or reservoir tank 8. Downstream of the pressurized fluid supply 8 is a shut-off valve 118 and downstream of this shutoff valve 118 is a pressure regulator 120 having a manually adjustable handle 121, the adjustment of which controls the pressure of the fluid temporarily stored in the intermediate air reservoir 10.
  • This intermediate fluid reservoir 10 has a capacity substantially greater than the driving fluid chamber 38.
  • this intermediate reservoir 10 is to assure that the pressure being introduced into the chamber 38 is substantially equivalent to the setting of the regulator 120.
  • the intermediate fluid reservoir 10 also assures a steady pressure.
  • Immediately downstream of the reservoir 10 is another shut-off valve 122. In normal driving operation both shut-off valves 118 and 122 are fully open.
  • the line 14 should have a sufficiently large inside diameter to minimize pressure drop in this line.
  • the maximum desired force to be delivered to the top of the pile 28 corresponds with a maximum peak pressure in the bounce chamber 34 of, for example, 2000 psi.
  • the peak pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber 34 are registered on gauge 114 and are observed. If at first the pile encounters little resistance and is easily driven, the pressure values will remain comparatively low, with readings occurring of, say, 500 psi. Therefore, the operator knows that he can obtain greater thrust and more rapid and efficient driving rate into the earth by raising the peak pressure occurring in the bounce chamber 34 to correspond approximately to the allowable force desired on the pile 28.
  • the pressure regulator 120 By proper manual adjustment of the pressure regulator 120 higher pressure fluid is introduced into the intermediate reservoir 10 and thus into chamber 38, to obtain a greater thrust, and the subsequent pressure value reading is observed on the pressure gauge 114. Operation of the pile driver is then continued within the desired range of pressure values close to but under the maximum allowable pressure, namely, 2000 psi. Should the pile suddenly encounter resistance so that it is more difficult to drive, the pressure values in the bounce chamber 34 will correspondingly increase. If it is observed that the peak values occurring therein, as registered on the gauge 114, begin to approximate the maximum allowable value of 2000 psi, the pressure regulator 120 is adjusted to reduce the pressure that will flow into the fluid storage chamber 38 and thence into the bounce chamber 34. Since a maximum pressure has registered on the gauge 114, the bleed valve 116 will now have to be opened to relieve the pressure in the line 16. The pressure in the bounce chamber 34 having been reduced, the thrust delivered through the piston 60 to the top of pile 28 will be reduced also.
  • the operator determines the magnitude of the driving force being exerted on the pile by measuring the peak pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber 34 and controls this driving force by increasing or decreasing the pressure of the fluid introduced into the bounce chamber 34 in accordance with the pressure value reading obtained.
  • the operator increases the pressure being fed into the storage chamber 38 and obtains more efficient operation by assuring that every bounce of the piston weight will result in a greater penetration of the pile.
  • the pressure is cut back to reduce this driving force and thus to prevent damage of the pile due to exceeding its maximum allowable force.
  • the pressure is controlled manually in response to observation of the pressure of force value reading of the gauge 114 and force index scale 119.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the pressure value occurring in the bounce chamber 34 is transmitted via pressure-value transmitting line 16 to a pressure indicator-controller 124.
  • the pressure indicator-controller 124 includes a manually adjustable means 126 whereby the maximum allowable pressure permissible in the bounce chamber 34, determined as a consideration of the maximum allowable force permitted on the pile 28, may be set as indicated by an index pointer 128.
  • the pressures occurring in the bounce chamber 34 are registered by an indicating pointer 130.
  • the controller sends a signal, via lines 132 to a slave 134, such as a servo motor or pneumatic actuator, which automatically operates the pressure regulator in response to the controller 124.
  • a slave 136 operates the bleed valve 116, receiving control signals via the lines 138.
  • the signal from the pressure indicator-controller to the slaves may be either pneumatic or electrical.
  • the controller 124 reads the peak pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber 34, compares them with the maximum allowable pre-set value, as illustrated by pointer 128, and allows higher or lower pressure fluid into the storage chamber 38 by control of the slave 134 and pressure regulator 120 in the pressure hose line 16. When the bounce chamber pressure values reach a high, the controller sends a signal to slave 136 to open bleed valve 116.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 3 accomplishes automatic control of the magnitude of the driving force exerted on the pile 28.
  • FIG. 4 Shown in FIG. 4 is yet another embodiment of a method and system whereby the magnitude of the driving force exerted on a pile is automatically determined and used to control the driving operation.
  • a pressure transducer 140 for ascertaining the pressure values occurring within the bounce chamber 34.
  • the pressure transducer converts the pressure value reading into electrical signals which are transmitted via electrical lines 142 to an electronic controller 144.
  • the electronic controller 144 is pre-adjusted to compare the signal corresponding to pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber 34 with a predetermined value set by pre-set means 126, shown as a control knob, as a function of the maximum force desired to be exerted on the pile.
  • the electronic controller sends a signal via lines 143 to a slave 146 which controls the pressure regulator 120 and lets greater or lesser pressure into the fluid storage chamber'38 and from there into the bounce chamber 34, as in the other embodiments.
  • An advantage of the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is that the controller is adjusted to the pre-determined pressure or force setting desired and the controller may be placed fairly remote from the pile driver itself such as in the cab of the crane or at a convenient remote location on the ground.
  • the transducer provides an instantaneous determination of the pressure values, and with appropriate selection of the electronic controller one may regulate the thrust in response to either average, mean or peak pressure values.
  • the supervising engineer can control the force being delivered during the pile driving operation, if he wishes, independent of the person who is operating the pile driver.
  • Another important advantage of the present invention is that it enables the pile to be actually driven up to a maximum force equal to the desired predetermined terminal driving force.
  • This terminal driving force is pre-determined to be comparable to the load which the pile is intended to support when it is in service plus a factor of safety as determined by the construction engineer.
  • a running record or log of the force being exerted on the pile at each level and of the driving action occurring will provide the supervising engineer with additional information about the strata being penetrated by the pile.
  • a method for controllably driving an elongated, substantially rigid object such as a pile into the earth comprising the steps of:
  • a method for controllably driving a pile into the earth comprising the steps of:
  • a method for controllably driving a pile into the earth comprising the steps of:
  • a method of controllably driving a pile into the earth comprising the steps of bouncing a mass up and down upon a cushion of compressible pressurized fluid, determining the pressure values of said pressurized fluid cushion, controllably injecting additional pressurized fluid into the cushion beneath the mass in response to the pressure value determination, and controllably utilizing the downward thrust in the cushion of compressible fluid for driving the pile.
  • a system for controllably driving an elongate substantially rigid object such as a pile into the earth including a driver having a cylinder with a piston weight of large mass reciprocatably within it, a gas entraping chamber in the cylinder beneath the piston weight, means for coupling the driver to the object being driven to transmit the thrust generated by the bouncing piston weight to the object, and means for determining the magnitude of the driving force being delivered to the object, and the further invention comprising means for controllably feeding pressurized fluid into the chamber in response to said determination to cause the piston weight to bounce upon controlled values of pressurized fluid in the chamber, for controlling the driving force applied to said object as it is being driven.
  • the means for determining the magnitude of the driving force being applied to the object including means for sensing the peak pressure values occurring in the gas entraping chamber.
  • a system for controllably driving a pile into the earth including a piston weight of large mass adapted to reciprocate up and down within a cylinder, said cylinder having a second piston adapted to reciprocate up and down within the lower end of the cylinder and adapted to be coupled in thrust transmitting relationship to the pile being driven, said piston weight and second piston defining a bounce chamber between them, means for introducing pressurizes fluid into the bouncing chamber, the further invention comprising means for determining the magnitude of the driving force being delivered by the second piston to the pile during the bouncing action, and means for controlling the pressure of the pressurized fluid being introduced into the bounce chamber controlling the magnitude of the driving force being applied to the pile being driven.
  • the means for determining the magnitude of the driving force being delivered to the pile including means for sensing the peak pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber.
  • the pressure sensing means including a check valve and a pressure gauge.
  • the pressure sensing means being a pressure transducer.
  • a system for controllably driving a pile into the earth including a cylinder wall defining a cylinder, a massive piston weight movably up and down within said cylinder wall and positioned below said piston weight adapted to be coupled in thrust transmitting relationship to the pile to be driven, said piston weight and cylinder bottom assembly defining a bounce chamber between them, compressible pressurized fluid storage chamber means adapted to communicate with said bounce chamber, the further invention comprising means for determining the pressure values of the fluid in the bounce chamber, a valve for blocking communication between said storage chamber and said bounce chamber, input means for controllably feeding pressurized fluid into said storage chamber from a remote source of supply in response to said determination, and means for opening said valve for injecting pressurized fluid from said storage chamber into said bounce chamber when the piston weight is descending within the cylinder.
  • the pressure value determining means including a pressure gauge communicating with the bounce chamber through a conduit containing a check valve so that the peak pressure valves in said bounce chamber are registered on the gauge;
  • the pressure valve determining means including a transducer in communication with the bounce chamber which senses the pressure values in the chamber and transforming the same into a function of an electrical signal which registers as a reading on an indicator.
  • a system for controllably driving a pile into the earth including a pile driver coupled to the pile in a force transmitting relationship and including a massive piston weight reciprocable within a cylinder to bounce up and down on pressurized fluid in a bounce chamber
  • the further invention comprising means for determining the magnitude of the force transmitted to the pile by sensing the pressurized fluid pressure values occurring in the bounce chamber, means for communicating the sensed pressure value to an observer, a compressed gas supply means, an intermediate reservoir, and means for controllably feeding pressurized fluid into the bounce chamber in functional response to the determinations of the pressure values in the bounce chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US00173917A 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 Controllable force method and system of driving piles Expired - Lifetime US3721095A (en)

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US17391771A 1971-08-23 1971-08-23

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JP (1) JPS5527932B2 (ja)
BE (1) BE787906A (ja)
CA (1) CA947987A (ja)
DE (1) DE2240385A1 (ja)
ES (1) ES406033A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2150469B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1407076A (ja)
IT (1) IT964066B (ja)
LU (1) LU65941A1 (ja)
NL (1) NL7211499A (ja)
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SE (1) SE408719B (ja)

Cited By (34)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3797585A (en) * 1971-10-18 1974-03-19 B Ludvigson Apparatus for generating a pressure wave in an elongated body operatively connected to a drop hammer
US3958647A (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-05-25 Bolt Associates, Inc. Powerful submersible deepwater pile driver powered by pressurized gas discharge
US4026370A (en) * 1974-04-03 1977-05-31 Secretary Of State For Industry In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain & Northern Ireland Driving tools
US4060139A (en) * 1976-11-29 1977-11-29 Raymond International Inc. Underwater gas discharge hammer with gas reservoir
US4109475A (en) * 1974-12-10 1978-08-29 Van Kooten B.V. Pile-driving ram and method of controlling the same
US4126191A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-11-21 Raymond International Inc. Gas discharge type underwater hammer with liquid purge and reflood control
US4362439A (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-12-07 Vaynkof Peter P Hydrostatically operated underwater pile driver and method of operating same
US4365306A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-12-21 Conoco Inc. Method and apparatus for remotely monitoring and evaluating pile driving hammers
US4377355A (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-03-22 Bolt Technology Corporation Quiet bouncer driver thruster method with pressurized air chamber encircling massive bouncing piston
GB2161731A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-22 Serf Limited Pile driver
US4699223A (en) * 1983-01-26 1987-10-13 Stabilator Ab Method and device for percussion earth drilling
US4712641A (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-12-15 Bolt Technology Corporation Method and system for generating shear waves and compression waves in the earth for seismic surveying
US4802538A (en) * 1986-02-20 1989-02-07 Brian Hays Piling hammer
GB2221418A (en) * 1988-07-27 1990-02-07 Boart Uk Ltd Reciprocating percussive device
US5172587A (en) * 1991-03-13 1992-12-22 Arctic Foundations, Inc. Pile load testing device
US5174387A (en) * 1990-11-20 1992-12-29 Krupp Maschinentechnik Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method and apparatus for adapting the operational behavior of a percussion mechanism to the hardness of material that is being pounded by the percussion mechanism
US5725329A (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-03-10 Chelminski; Stephen Method, system and apparatus for driving and pulling pilings
US5839317A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Automated becker hammer drill bounce chamber energy monitor
WO1999011871A1 (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-11 Stephen Chelminski A method system and apparatus for driving and pulling pilings
WO1999047313A1 (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-23 Sandvik Ab; (Publ) Method and apparatus for controlling drilling of rock drill
US6102133A (en) * 1995-08-11 2000-08-15 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld Gmbh & Co. Ram
US6224294B1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2001-05-01 Peter W. Mansfield Tubular piling driving apparatus and piling installation method
US20040045727A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-11 Allums Jeromy T. Safe starting fluid hammer
US20100059241A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2010-03-11 Jasper Stefan Winkes Pile-driving device
US20150128900A1 (en) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-14 DELMAG GmbH & Co., KG Pile hammer
US20150275456A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2015-10-01 Delmag Gmbh & Co. Kg Pile hammer
US20150275458A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2015-10-01 Delmag Gmbh & Co. Kg Pile hammer
US20160023339A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. High pressure water pump
US20160023337A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. Steam powered nailing gun
US20160023336A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. Phase transition heat storage device
US20160160467A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2016-06-09 Fistuca B.V. Pile-Driver and Method for Application Thereof
US9834900B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2017-12-05 Pentti HEINONEN Piling method and apparatus
US20180127941A1 (en) * 2015-04-17 2018-05-10 Junttan Oy Method for pile-driving
US20200102972A1 (en) * 2018-10-01 2020-04-02 Banza Stamping Industry Corp. Compressed gas supplier for a pneumatic tool

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DE2554013C3 (de) * 1975-12-01 1984-10-25 Koehring Gmbh - Bomag Division, 5407 Boppard Verfahren zur dynamischen Bodenverdichtung
FR2504676A1 (fr) * 1981-04-23 1982-10-29 Bretagne Atel Chantiers Dispositif de controle de charge sur les piles d'une plate-forme autoelevatrice
DK620184A (da) * 1983-12-29 1985-06-30 Pieter Wilner Apparat til nedramning af paele og fremgangsmaade ved dets anvendelse
JPS63189522A (ja) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-05 Takahashi Eng:Kk 杭打ち装置
GB9319467D0 (en) * 1993-09-21 1993-11-03 Paramode Ltd Improved pile driver
DE4447973B4 (de) * 1994-11-25 2007-11-29 Arcelor Profil Luxembourg S.A. Verfahren zum Feststellen von Schlosssprüngen an Spundwandbohlen
CN102086646B (zh) * 2010-12-23 2012-10-03 陈清贵 一种沉管灌注桩机的夯扩底桩反压装置

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US3417828A (en) * 1965-02-03 1968-12-24 Hollandse Beton Mij N V Method for driving piles and similar objects
US3353362A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-11-21 Pan American Petroleum Corp Pile driving

Cited By (41)

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US3797585A (en) * 1971-10-18 1974-03-19 B Ludvigson Apparatus for generating a pressure wave in an elongated body operatively connected to a drop hammer
US4026370A (en) * 1974-04-03 1977-05-31 Secretary Of State For Industry In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain & Northern Ireland Driving tools
US4109475A (en) * 1974-12-10 1978-08-29 Van Kooten B.V. Pile-driving ram and method of controlling the same
US3958647A (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-05-25 Bolt Associates, Inc. Powerful submersible deepwater pile driver powered by pressurized gas discharge
US4060139A (en) * 1976-11-29 1977-11-29 Raymond International Inc. Underwater gas discharge hammer with gas reservoir
US4126191A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-11-21 Raymond International Inc. Gas discharge type underwater hammer with liquid purge and reflood control
US4377355A (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-03-22 Bolt Technology Corporation Quiet bouncer driver thruster method with pressurized air chamber encircling massive bouncing piston
US4365306A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-12-21 Conoco Inc. Method and apparatus for remotely monitoring and evaluating pile driving hammers
US4362439A (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-12-07 Vaynkof Peter P Hydrostatically operated underwater pile driver and method of operating same
US4699223A (en) * 1983-01-26 1987-10-13 Stabilator Ab Method and device for percussion earth drilling
US4712641A (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-12-15 Bolt Technology Corporation Method and system for generating shear waves and compression waves in the earth for seismic surveying
GB2161731A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-22 Serf Limited Pile driver
US4802538A (en) * 1986-02-20 1989-02-07 Brian Hays Piling hammer
GB2221418A (en) * 1988-07-27 1990-02-07 Boart Uk Ltd Reciprocating percussive device
GB2221418B (en) * 1988-07-27 1992-02-19 Boart Uk Ltd Reciprocating percussive device
US5174387A (en) * 1990-11-20 1992-12-29 Krupp Maschinentechnik Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method and apparatus for adapting the operational behavior of a percussion mechanism to the hardness of material that is being pounded by the percussion mechanism
US5172587A (en) * 1991-03-13 1992-12-22 Arctic Foundations, Inc. Pile load testing device
US6102133A (en) * 1995-08-11 2000-08-15 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld Gmbh & Co. Ram
US5725329A (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-03-10 Chelminski; Stephen Method, system and apparatus for driving and pulling pilings
US5839317A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Automated becker hammer drill bounce chamber energy monitor
WO1999011871A1 (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-11 Stephen Chelminski A method system and apparatus for driving and pulling pilings
WO1999047313A1 (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-09-23 Sandvik Ab; (Publ) Method and apparatus for controlling drilling of rock drill
AU750436B2 (en) * 1998-03-17 2002-07-18 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Method and apparatus for controlling drilling of rock drill
US6224294B1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2001-05-01 Peter W. Mansfield Tubular piling driving apparatus and piling installation method
US20040045727A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-11 Allums Jeromy T. Safe starting fluid hammer
US20100059241A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2010-03-11 Jasper Stefan Winkes Pile-driving device
US20160160467A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2016-06-09 Fistuca B.V. Pile-Driver and Method for Application Thereof
US10106944B2 (en) * 2013-07-15 2018-10-23 Fistuca B.V. Pile-driver and method for application thereof
US9759124B2 (en) * 2013-11-12 2017-09-12 Delmag Gmbh & Co. Kg Pile hammer
US20150128900A1 (en) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-14 DELMAG GmbH & Co., KG Pile hammer
US9834900B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2017-12-05 Pentti HEINONEN Piling method and apparatus
US20150275458A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2015-10-01 Delmag Gmbh & Co. Kg Pile hammer
US20150275456A1 (en) * 2014-03-28 2015-10-01 Delmag Gmbh & Co. Kg Pile hammer
US20160023339A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. High pressure water pump
US20160023337A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. Steam powered nailing gun
US20160023336A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. Phase transition heat storage device
US9724811B2 (en) * 2014-07-24 2017-08-08 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. Steam powered nailing gun
US9777725B2 (en) * 2014-07-24 2017-10-03 Taizhou Dajiang Ind. Co., Ltd. High pressure water pump
US20180127941A1 (en) * 2015-04-17 2018-05-10 Junttan Oy Method for pile-driving
US20200102972A1 (en) * 2018-10-01 2020-04-02 Banza Stamping Industry Corp. Compressed gas supplier for a pneumatic tool
US10655646B2 (en) * 2018-10-01 2020-05-19 Banza Stamping Industry Corp. Compressed gas supplier for a pneumatic tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE787906A (fr) 1972-12-18
GB1407076A (en) 1975-09-24
IT964066B (it) 1974-01-21
LU65941A1 (ja) 1973-01-15
AU4551172A (en) 1974-02-14
JPS5527932B2 (ja) 1980-07-24
CA947987A (en) 1974-05-28
NO135326C (ja) 1977-03-23
SE408719B (sv) 1979-07-02
NO135326B (ja) 1976-12-13
FR2150469A1 (ja) 1973-04-06
DE2240385A1 (de) 1973-03-01
NL7211499A (ja) 1973-02-27
FR2150469B1 (ja) 1979-09-21
ES406033A1 (es) 1976-01-16
JPS4831713A (ja) 1973-04-26

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