US3715494A - Projection system - Google Patents

Projection system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3715494A
US3715494A US00110519A US3715494DA US3715494A US 3715494 A US3715494 A US 3715494A US 00110519 A US00110519 A US 00110519A US 3715494D A US3715494D A US 3715494DA US 3715494 A US3715494 A US 3715494A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
medium
projection system
anthracene
deformable
radiation mode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00110519A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
E Perlowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3715494A publication Critical patent/US3715494A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7425—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being a dielectric deformable layer controlled by an electron beam, e.g. eidophor projector

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An improved electronic image projection system having a container with a conducting interior and a deformable medium in the container which decreases in resistivity with decreases in thickness in the presence of electrical charge on the surface of the medium is provided by using as the deformable medium a polymeric material having as an additive a 9,10- anthracene derivative.
  • PROJECTION SYSTEM This invention relates to a projection system of the electronic type, and more particularly to an electronic image projection system having a container with a conducting interior and a deformable medium in the container that decreases in resistivity with decreases in thickness in the medium, the medium having as a radiation mode depressor substituted 9,10-anthracene.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing comprises an evacuated glass envelope containing an electron gun 1 l for producing an electron beam 13 and deflecting it in a rectangular raster over the surface of a light transmitting deformable medium 15 which is within a portion 17 of the transparent container. An enlarged view of this portion of the assembly is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the beam 13 is preferably velocity-modulated by a television signal applied to the deflection means (not shown) in the electron gun ll.
  • Deformable medium 15 has a central portion 19 of decreased thickness which is deformations are a function of the number of electrons deposited by the beam 13 at the various points on the surface of medium 15. Thus, the amplitudes of these deformations are a function of the modulated electron beam 13.
  • the deformations on the surface of medium 15 are utilized to diffract light from .
  • Another lens 29 images the slits of system 25 on the bars of another bar and slit system 31 if there are no deformations on the surface of deformable medium 15.
  • any deformations on such surface diffract the transient light so that it passes through the slits in the system 31 with an intensity that corresponds to the amplitudes of the deformations and hence the amplitudes of the applied modulating signal such as a television signal.
  • the light passing through system 29 is imaged by a projection lens 33 on screen 35 by means of mirror 37.
  • the average charge density produces a force on the medium 15 that overcomes the surface tension from the excess medium outside the raster area and decreases the portion 19 of medium 15 to zero thickness. Under such conditions, no deformations can be formed and the system becomes inoperative until the medium is replaced.
  • the above patent teaches that if the medium has the property of decreasing in resistivity with decreasing thickness, portion 19 does not decrease to zero thickness under the pressure of the charges but maintains a thickness which is a function of the magnitude of charge density on the surface of the medium 15. With decrease in resistivity, the
  • the deformable compositions described in the aforesaid U.S. Pat. No. 2,943,147 as suitable for the medium are required to be transparent, be capable of withstanding electron bombardment without significant decomposition, have a viscosity at the operating temperature (between about 25 and 150 C) of approximately 100 to 50,000 centistokes, and the deformable composition must not decompose the conducting coating.
  • the medium must also have a volume resistivity that varies within the range of approximately 10 to 10" ohm-cm., with the average resistivity at the stable thickness being approximately 10 ohm-cm.
  • deformable media or fluids described in I the above patent are beeswax, methyl silicone fluids,
  • methyl silicone fluids containing up to 5 percent of phenyl silicones, methylphenyl silicones containing an average of two methyl and phenyl groups per silicon atom in which the mole ratio of methyl groups to silicon atoms is greater than 0 and less than 2, etc.
  • these deformable fluids are not as stable as one would desire because under the influence of an electron beam, the deformable medium or deformable fluids tend to increase in viscosity and with continued use in the projection system described above, the viscosity increases to a point where gel parti 'cles begin to form and the deformable medium ultimately gels. it is quite obvious that the apparatus can no longer be used with a gelled medium which will not suitably decrease in thickness. 1
  • the present invention is applicable to light valve materials or writing fluids in general, particularly those having a viscosity at the operating temperature of between about 25 and 150 C of from about 100 to 50,000 centistokes and a volume resistivity ranging from about 10 to l0 ohm-cm. It is thus particularly applicable to the light valve fluids mentioned in the above patents which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the amount of the above anthracene material required is relatively small and depends upon the degree of radiation mode suppression desired. Generally speaking, taking this factor into consideration along with the writing current density to be used, critical depth, mobility and the like, amounts of from about 0.1 percent to 3.0 percent by weight of anthracene additive have been found useful.
  • the particular diphenyl anthracene used had a vapor pressure of 2.3 X 10 Torr at 25 C and l X 10* Torr at 35C.
  • the deformable writing medium by reason of the prescribed additives, results in improved projection system operation and picture quality and is capable of operation over long periods of time at relatively high current densities with little or no loss in image clarity caused by radiation damage to the writing medium surface.
  • a projection system comprising a container having a conducting interior, a deformable medium in said container having as a radiation mode suppressant a 9, lO-anthracene derivative represented by the general formula where R and R are each selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, xenyl, and naphthyl, electron beam means for producing an electrical charge on the surface of said deformable medium as a function of an applied electrical signal and cooperating with said conducting interior to subject said medium to a deforming force to produce deformations in the surface of said medium, a light source, and an optical system for projecting light from said source as a function of the deformations in the surface of said medium.
  • R and R are phenyl groups so that said radiation mode suppressant comprises 9, IO-diphenyl anthracene.
  • R and R are xenyl groups so that said radiation mode suppressant comprises 9, lO-dixenyl anthracene.
  • R and R are naphthyl groups so that said radiation mode suppressant comprises 9, IO-dinaphthyl anthracene.
  • a projection system as in claim 1 wherein said radiation mode suppressant is selected from the group consisting of 9,10-diphenyl anthracene, 9,10-dibenzyl anthracene, 9,10-dixenyl anthracene, 9,10-dinaphthyl anthracene, and mixtures thereof.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Optical Record Carriers And Manufacture Thereof (AREA)
US00110519A 1971-01-28 1971-01-28 Projection system Expired - Lifetime US3715494A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11051971A 1971-01-28 1971-01-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3715494A true US3715494A (en) 1973-02-06

Family

ID=22333458

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00110519A Expired - Lifetime US3715494A (en) 1971-01-28 1971-01-28 Projection system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3715494A (en:Method)
CA (1) CA956494A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE2203576A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2123497B1 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1366320A (en:Method)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764549A (en) * 1973-01-11 1973-10-09 Gen Electric Light-modulating medium for image projection apparatus
US3928394A (en) * 1973-01-11 1975-12-23 Gen Electric Benzyl and (benzyl)benzylanthraquinones
US4954896A (en) * 1989-02-08 1990-09-04 Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Fur Nachrichtentechnik Berlin Gmbh Electronic projector system such as a high definition television (HDTV) projection television system or the like having a fluid therein with increased resistance to damage from projection system radiation

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943147A (en) * 1958-01-13 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Projection system
US3125634A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 Cshs cahs
US3125637A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 Composition and apparatus used in
US3125636A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 I zxch
US3125635A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 Projection system
US3288927A (en) * 1964-01-02 1966-11-29 Gen Electric Projection system
US3317664A (en) * 1964-08-26 1967-05-02 Gen Electric Projection system
US3317665A (en) * 1964-08-26 1967-05-02 Gen Electric Projection system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943147A (en) * 1958-01-13 1960-06-28 Gen Electric Projection system
US3125634A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 Cshs cahs
US3125637A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 Composition and apparatus used in
US3125636A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 I zxch
US3125635A (en) * 1962-06-05 1964-03-17 Projection system
US3288927A (en) * 1964-01-02 1966-11-29 Gen Electric Projection system
US3317664A (en) * 1964-08-26 1967-05-02 Gen Electric Projection system
US3317665A (en) * 1964-08-26 1967-05-02 Gen Electric Projection system

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Birks et al., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A, 275(1360), 135 148(1963) and Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 59, p. 5952a, (1963). *
Chandross et al., JACS, 87:14, July 20, 1965 pp. 3,359 3,260 *
Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 64, p. 6898f, (1964), (T.D.S. Hamilton). *
Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 65, p. 1,720f, (1966), (Himbuch). *
Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 67, p. 103,774t,(1967), (Parker et al.). *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764549A (en) * 1973-01-11 1973-10-09 Gen Electric Light-modulating medium for image projection apparatus
US3928394A (en) * 1973-01-11 1975-12-23 Gen Electric Benzyl and (benzyl)benzylanthraquinones
US4954896A (en) * 1989-02-08 1990-09-04 Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Fur Nachrichtentechnik Berlin Gmbh Electronic projector system such as a high definition television (HDTV) projection television system or the like having a fluid therein with increased resistance to damage from projection system radiation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2203576A1 (de) 1972-08-17
FR2123497A1 (en:Method) 1972-09-08
CA956494A (en) 1974-10-22
FR2123497B1 (en:Method) 1975-10-24
GB1366320A (en) 1974-09-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2943147A (en) Projection system
US3715494A (en) Projection system
AU539290B2 (en) Stabilized peroxygenated compounds
GB1389263A (en) Optical elements utilizing fluorinated polymers
MY116941A (en) Conductive anti-reflection film, fabrication method thereof, and cathode ray tube therewith
US2277009A (en) Television image projection tube
US3873833A (en) Electron radiographic system with liquid absorber
US3396305A (en) Image projection device
US3317665A (en) Projection system
US3317664A (en) Projection system
GB1043910A (en) Projection system
US3125635A (en) Projection system
US3125636A (en) I zxch
US4954896A (en) Electronic projector system such as a high definition television (HDTV) projection television system or the like having a fluid therein with increased resistance to damage from projection system radiation
US3270133A (en) Projection system with improved deformable medium
DE2150877A1 (de) Deformationsbildspeicheranordnung fuer elektrische Ladungsmuster
US3125637A (en) Composition and apparatus used in
GB1368379A (en) Electrostatic image production
US4035525A (en) Cathode ray tube employing faceplate-deposited cathodochromic material and electron beam erase
US3291907A (en) Light valve projector with light modulating medium heating means
US2710262A (en) Method of forming a phosphor screen
GB1536635A (en) X-ray image recording and reproduction systems
Flowers Finite nuclear size effects on neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung in neutron stars
US3764549A (en) Light-modulating medium for image projection apparatus
US3655978A (en) Zinc cadmium sulfide cathodoluminescent screen