US3712103A - Method and apparatus for the hot piercing of metal billets - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the hot piercing of metal billets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3712103A
US3712103A US00089608A US3712103DA US3712103A US 3712103 A US3712103 A US 3712103A US 00089608 A US00089608 A US 00089608A US 3712103D A US3712103D A US 3712103DA US 3712103 A US3712103 A US 3712103A
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United States
Prior art keywords
diameter
piercing
hot
container
billet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00089608A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Malegue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cefilac SA
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Cefilac SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cefilac SA filed Critical Cefilac SA
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Publication of US3712103A publication Critical patent/US3712103A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/10—Piercing billets

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to the hot piercing of metal billets and their extrusion into tubes and hollow sections. More particularly, it is directed to an improved method for carrying out the hot piercing operation also called expansion which consists in hot deforming to the desired bore .diameter (also called expansion diameter) a billet in which an axial pilot hole has been previously cold drilled.
  • this hot piercing is conducted in a vertical piercing press, the container of which is equipped at its lower end with a cylindrically bored ring through which the piercing tool can run with a very slight clearance, see French Pat. No. 1,130,759.
  • a vertical piercing press the container of which is equipped at its lower end with a cylindrically bored ring through which the piercing tool can run with a very slight clearance, see French Pat. No. 1,130,759.
  • the lower portion of the metal billet is sheared off at the end of the hot piercing operation, thus creating a discard or residue.
  • the expansion diameter is small, the weight of the residue is small and the presently employed process is generally satisfactory. However, when the expansion diameter is relatively large, the metal loss or residue is substantially more noticeable. Moreover, since the inside diameter of the lower cylindrical ring must be accurately selected, it is necessary to have available as many lower ring sizes as there are expansion diameters.
  • the present invention avoids these above-identified drawbacks.
  • the whole of the billet is deformed during the expansion operation without any shearing and without producing any discard or residue, although the lower face of the billet is deformed into a bulge during hot piercing, the extent of the bulge increasing as the ratio of expansion diameter to wall thickness increases.
  • the billet is extruded with its bulged face adjacent to the extrusion ram and, therefore, the bulge becomes part of the extrusion discard.
  • the extrudate is perfectly satisfactory as regards both metallurgical structure and geometry.
  • a single ring can be used for a wide range of expansion diameters.
  • My invention consists in placing at the lower end of the piercing press container a ring having a frustoconical bore, the smaller base of which is downstream from the larger base.
  • the smaller base has a diameter largely exceeding the working diameter of the expansion tool.
  • the billet previously drilled and heated to deformation temperature is hot expanded and then is inserted into the container of an extrusion press in such a manner that the billet end coming from the lower part of the piercing press container comes into contact with the dummy block of the extrusion press.
  • the extrusion takes place in the known manner.
  • the container 1 of the piercing press is equipped at its lower end with an annular ring 2.
  • the container 1 and the annular ring 2 are supported by base sections 7 and SM the piercing press in a known manner.
  • Annular ring 2 has a frustoconically shaped central bore 9.
  • An expansion tool 3 is secured to a spindle 4 which is acted upon by the press to expand or pierce a billet 5.
  • the outside diameter of the annular ring 2 is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the container.
  • the larger base 10 of the frustoconical bore 9 has a diameter preferably exceeding percent of the container diameter.
  • the smaller base 11 which is downstream of the larger base 10 has a diameter preferably exceeding 50 percent of the container diameter.
  • the inside surface of the ring 2 terminates in a toric surface 12 melting into the larger base 10.
  • the radius R of the toric surface 12 is at least 3 percent of the container diameter and not smaller than 5 mm (0.200 inch), see the figure.
  • the total height of the ring is advantageously from 70 to mm (2.750 to 4.750 inch).
  • My improved process works as follows.
  • a previously drilled billet 5 which has also been heated to deformation temperature is positioned in container 1 of the piercing press.
  • the expansion tool 3 is forced through the drill bore to form the desired expansion or pierced bore diameter in the known manner.
  • the metal flow of the billets create a bulge 6 at the ring end of the container, see the figure.
  • the extent of this bulge varies depending upon the ratio of the expansion diameter and the wall thickness of the hot pierced billet. In other words, the greater the metal flow the greater the bulge.
  • the hot pierced billet is then positioned in an extrusion press so that the end of the billet containing the bulge is adjacent the standard dummy block. After extrusion in the normal manner, the bulge end of the billet becomes a part of the standarddiscard.
  • the surface condition of the billet bore thus obtained is perfectly sound along the whole useful length of the billet. Slight cracks may be observed only in the bulged lower part of the billet but this is removed with the extrusion discard.
  • the process according to the invention permits the use of the same ring for an important range of expansion diameters. Tooling is thus simplified and the operations are accelerated, since it is possible to change the expansion diameter without changing the ring. On the other hand, any waste of metal is avoided in the hot piercing operation.
  • a 226 mm (8.900 inch) container was equipped with a ring according to the invention, the height of which was 90 mm (3.540 inch), the inside bore of which had a larger base 175 mm (6.900 inch) and a smaller base mm (5.120 inch) in diameter, respectively.
  • This press was fed with carbon steel billets previously cold drilled to 20 mm (0.800 inch) and heated to deformation temperature. The billets were expanded (hot pierced) to bore diameters ranging from 50 to 85 mm (2 to 3.350 inch) without any waste of metal. The billets showed bulged lower faces.
  • the metal waste during the successive hot operations was limited to the extrusion discard, i.e., to about 2 percent of the initial metal weight.
  • a piercing press for hot piercing metal billets previously cold drilled and heated to a deformation temperature
  • a container having an annular ring cooperating with the lower portion thereof and an expansion tool
  • said improvement com-prising said annular ring having a frustoconical bore, the smaller base of the frustoconical bore being downstream of the larger base and having a diameter substantially larger than the diameter of the expansion tool, the ring having an inside surface terminating at its upstream end in a toric surface melting into said larger base, said toric surface being generated with a radius of at least 3 percent of the diameter of the piercing press container.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US00089608A 1969-11-26 1970-11-16 Method and apparatus for the hot piercing of metal billets Expired - Lifetime US3712103A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6940768A FR2069879A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-26 1969-11-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3712103A true US3712103A (en) 1973-01-23

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ID=9043662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00089608A Expired - Lifetime US3712103A (en) 1969-11-26 1970-11-16 Method and apparatus for the hot piercing of metal billets

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3712103A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT303493B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2057629A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2069879A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1297690A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA708022B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4085606A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Hydrostatic extrusion apparatus for producing hollow elongated bodies of rectangular cross section
US20100089111A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2010-04-15 Kazuhiro Shimoda Piercer, Plug and Method of Manufacturing Seamless Pipe or Tube
US20110219837A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2011-09-15 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Upper-end formed glass complex for hot expanding piercing and method of manufacturing billet for hot extrusion pipe making

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1802785A (en) * 1924-10-11 1931-04-28 Singer Fritz Method of extruding long seamless tubing
DE728356C (de) * 1939-10-03 1942-11-25 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zum Strangpressen von Rohren
US2320071A (en) * 1940-11-23 1943-05-25 Ferrex Corp Apparatus for extruding metals
US3525245A (en) * 1966-04-19 1970-08-25 Chesterfield Tube Co Ltd Formation of hollow metal billets
US3580038A (en) * 1968-04-03 1971-05-25 Cefilac Extrusion mandrel and method
US3581538A (en) * 1968-06-26 1971-06-01 Cefilac Piercing tool for the piercing of large metal blocks

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1802785A (en) * 1924-10-11 1931-04-28 Singer Fritz Method of extruding long seamless tubing
DE728356C (de) * 1939-10-03 1942-11-25 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zum Strangpressen von Rohren
US2320071A (en) * 1940-11-23 1943-05-25 Ferrex Corp Apparatus for extruding metals
US3525245A (en) * 1966-04-19 1970-08-25 Chesterfield Tube Co Ltd Formation of hollow metal billets
US3580038A (en) * 1968-04-03 1971-05-25 Cefilac Extrusion mandrel and method
US3581538A (en) * 1968-06-26 1971-06-01 Cefilac Piercing tool for the piercing of large metal blocks

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4085606A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Hydrostatic extrusion apparatus for producing hollow elongated bodies of rectangular cross section
US20100089111A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2010-04-15 Kazuhiro Shimoda Piercer, Plug and Method of Manufacturing Seamless Pipe or Tube
US8333092B2 (en) * 2005-06-14 2012-12-18 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Piercer, plug and method of manufacturing seamless pipe or tube
US20110219837A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2011-09-15 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Upper-end formed glass complex for hot expanding piercing and method of manufacturing billet for hot extrusion pipe making
US8327676B2 (en) * 2008-12-01 2012-12-11 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Upper-end formed glass complex for hot expanding piercing and method of manufacturing billet for hot extrusion pipe making

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA708022B (en) 1971-08-25
FR2069879A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-10
DE2057629A1 (de) 1971-06-09
GB1297690A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-29
AT303493B (de) 1972-10-15

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