US3710170A - X-ray tube with rotary anodes - Google Patents

X-ray tube with rotary anodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3710170A
US3710170A US00071556A US3710170DA US3710170A US 3710170 A US3710170 A US 3710170A US 00071556 A US00071556 A US 00071556A US 3710170D A US3710170D A US 3710170DA US 3710170 A US3710170 A US 3710170A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ray tube
accordance
graphite
heavy metal
molybdenum
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00071556A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Friedel
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3710170A publication Critical patent/US3710170A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/108—Substrates for and bonding of emissive target, e.g. composite structures

Definitions

  • An X-ray tube has a rotary anode wh1ch is a com- 52 us. Cl .313/330, 313/60 Pound y with parts of heavy metal and graphite, 51 Int. Cl ..H0lj 35/10 the focal P P lying "P the heavy metal
  • the 58 Field at Search ..313/330, 352, 355 invention is Particularly characterized y the Provision of at least one graphite part at the heavy metal part outside of the focal point path.
  • This invention relates to an X-ray tube with rotary anodes, the anode being a compound body with parts of heavy metal and graphite, the focal point path lying upon the heavy metal.
  • X-ray tubes with such anodes are used due to the high specific heat and the good ray emitting capacity of graphite in order to produce higher loads.
  • Anodes containing graphite and now used as rotary anodes for X-ray tubes consist of a graphite disc the surface of which at least in the area of the focal point path is coated with a layer of heavy metal.
  • Such layers are produced, for example, by steaming, spraying or by pyrolytic decomposition of compounds.
  • the layers must be thin in order to be able to operate effectively and to utilize the technological data.
  • Such layers have, however, the drawback that they are destroyed when tungsten is used, forming a carbide.
  • carbide layers are brittle and have bad heat conductivity, so that they are not adequate for the high heat exchange requirements of modern high output X-ray tubes.
  • graphite has the drawback that it is difficult to eliminate gas from the large graphite volume due to its porosity. There is the danger that the anode will develop gas during subsequent operation.
  • graphite can easily evaporate in case of high voltage impacts or small graphite parts can be torn off in high'electrical field, as the result of which arc-like discharges are produced causing disturbance in cathode emission and finally destroying the X-ray tube.
  • the mechanical strain upon graphite is very high due to revolving speeds up toy and over 10,000 per min. and accelerations of 200 to 300 revolutions per sec*. When graphite is selected it is necessary above all that it should have good strength. This means, however, that it is necessary to accept worse thermic properties and worse elasticity.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks of prior art constructions.
  • the compound body out of a disc-shaped heavy metal part wherein the graphite parts are applied outside of the focal point path.
  • an anode is produced, the carrying structure of which consists of a disc of heavy metal upon which graphite parts are provided which absorb and emit heat received by the plate from the focal point path. Then the anode is highly loaded for a short time period, since the heat transfer from the focal point path takes place faster due to high heat conductivity.
  • there is also good continuous loadcapacity since heat can be removed permanently from the graphite parts due to high heat and radiation capacity.
  • the short time load capacity corresponds at least to those of the usual heavy metal plates.
  • the long term load capacity is improved due to the additional heat capacity and radiation of graphite. Heat radiation can also exceed that of plates consisting solely of graphite due to different arrangement possibilities of the graphite parts and the heat conductivity through the metal.
  • the support of the plate consists of heavy metal so that when graphite is selected and its properties are considered it is not necessary to consider its strength.
  • the construction of the present invention provides a larger graphite surface relatively to volume than is the case in known graphite plates. This improves not only radiation but also degassing.
  • Graphite parts can be applied to the side of the anode plate which is away from the cathode, so that these parts are located outside of the direct high voltage field extending between the anode and the cathode.
  • the anode consists of a heavy metal plate shaped in a manner known per se and consisting of molybdenum to which has been alloyed 5 percent tungsten, the plate having along the focal point path a covering layer'of tungsten and 10 percent rhenium. Bore holes having a diameter of 5 to 35 mm. are provided from the lower side in this plate, their depth being about 5 mm. in case of a plate thickness of 10mm. It is also possible to use diameters which are smaller than 5mm., but then increased operational effort is necessary as related to effectiveness which is also increased.
  • the upper limit of the size of the diameter of the bore holes and their depth is provided by the size of the anode plate, its diameter and thickness.
  • Graphite bodies are soldered into the bore holes; they fill the holes to the greater extent and their top can coincide with the plate surface or, depending upon space conditions, they can project above the plate surface to the extent of 25 mm. or more.
  • the extending part can have a different shape than that of the bore hole, it can be conical, etc.
  • the extending parts can be also varied in length, for example, they can be shorter at the edges of the plate than at its middle; such variations can facilitate ray emission and be useful and necessary for geometrical reasons.
  • solder Various high melting metals or their mixtures, preferably zirconium-molybdenum or zirconium-tungsten-eutectic are suitable as solder. Good soldering can be also produced with a autectic of molybdenum and molybdenum-carbide. The soldering can take place in a known manner by adding a powder mixture corresponding to the desired composition to the part to be soldered and providing the heating. When a molybdenum body is used, the molybedenum-molybdenum carbide-eutectic solder can be also produced without a special solder. It is merely necessary to place the graphite parts into the desired position and then heat to about 2200C. At this temperature soldered eutectic is formed at the places of contact.
  • Solder suitable in this connection may be zirconium carbide,
  • tantalum carbide hafmium carbide, etc.
  • Zr or Hf a diffusion preventing layer is produced by itself at the contacting surface with carbon (graphite, etc.) during the heating, i.e., soldering.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an X-ray tube the anode of which has been broken off to show graphite parts soldered in bore holes upon its underside.
  • FIG. 2 is a section through an anode the underside of which contains graphite rings in concentrical grooves.
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of an anode wherein the rings of FIG. 2 are provided with radial interruptions.
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of an anode having radially applied strip-like cooling ribs of graphite.
  • FIG. 5 is a section through an anode the underside of which is completely covered by a graphite part.
  • FIG..6 is a section through an anode which additionally is also provided with a graphite part upon its upper side.
  • FIG. 1 shows a glass bulb l of a rotary anode X-ray tube 2.
  • the bulb 1 has at one end the cathode 3 and at the other end the anode 4.
  • the cathode 3 consists of a cover 5 which contains in a lug 6 the actual glow cathode (not shown) of standard construction.
  • the anode 4 includes in a manner which is also known, the rotor 7 carrying by its axle 8 the actual compound anode 9 which is held firmly by a screw 10.
  • the anode 9 consists of a metal body 11 of an alloy of molybdenum and 5 percent tungsten.
  • the two focal point paths l2 and 13 extend downwardly at different inclinations relatively to the vertical line of the axle 8 and are located upon a coating 14 consisting of an alloy of tungsten and I0 percent rhenium, the coating having a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the underside of the metal part 11 which has a thickness of IO millimeters is provided with bore holes having a depth of 4 millimeters in which graphite parts 15 are soldered.
  • the solder is the eutectic obtained from molybdenum and zirconium.
  • the actual solder is indicated in the drawing by thicker lines enclosing the bore holes and is designated by the numeral 16.
  • X-rays are produced in a known manner by providing high voltage between one of the conduits l7, l8 and 19 and the anode stem 20 and by providing heating voltage between one of the conduits l7 and 18 and the conduit 19 for the glow cathodes located in the lug 6. Electrons proceeding from the glow cathode then strike one or both of the focal point paths and produce X-rays. As is known, a great deal of heat appears as a by-product. This heat is conducted in the metal part 1 l, accumulated in the graphite parts 15 and then removed as rays.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plate 21 consisting of molybdenum the underside of which is provided with annular grooves extending concentrically to the axis of rotation. Graphite rings 22, 23 and 24 are soldered into these grooves. As in the construction of FIG. 1, in this construction also heat transmission takes place through the graphite parts 22, 23 and 24.
  • FIG. 3 This construction is again changed into that of FIG. 3 showing an anode plate 25 consisting of molybdenum and provided with annular grooves 26, 27 and 28. Sector-shaped parts of graphite rings are so introduced into these grooves that radial interruptions are provided, which are spaced from each other in the individual rings.
  • the graphite parts of the outer groove 26 are indicated by the numeral 29 in the drawing, those of the middle groove 27 with the numeral 30 and those of the inner groove 28 with the numeral 31.
  • the soldering takes place by heating to a temperature of about 2200C.
  • a mixture of molybdenum and molybdenum-carbide power is additionally introduced between the ring pieces.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plate 32 of a rotary anode, the plate having a thickness of 10 millimeters.
  • Strip-like graphite parts 33 are provided on the underside of the plate 32 as radial cooling ribs.
  • corresponding radial grooves are milled wiich are three to 5 millimeters deep, so that the graphite parts 33 having a width of 10 millimeters can be soldered into these grooves and still project outwardly to the extent of 10 to 20 millimeters.
  • This construction also has good capacity for heat absorption and heat reflection.
  • FIG. 5 shows an anode molybdenum plate 34 which is 8 millimeters thick and at the underside of which a graphite body 35 having a thickness of 6 millimeters is soldered by a soldering layer 36 consisting of Zr/Mo.
  • FIG. 6 shows an anode plate 37 to the underside of which has been soldered a graphite body 38 of tungsten. Furthermore, the plate 37 has upon its upper side a surface limited by the inner edge of the focal point path 42 which is deepened and which contains a graphite body 43 soldered therein. This construction provides a better heat transmission upwardly. Furthermore heat capacity is enlarged by an increase of graphite bodies.
  • a rotary anode having an axle, a rotary plate of heavy metal carried by said axle and receiving the focal point path of the X-ray tube, and at least one graphite part applied to said heavy metal plate outside of the focal point path.
  • An X-ray tube in accordance with claim 1 wherein the heavy metal part consists of molybdenum and wherein the graphite parts are fixed to the heavy part by heating to a temperature of 2200C 18.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
US00071556A 1969-10-11 1970-09-11 X-ray tube with rotary anodes Expired - Lifetime US3710170A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1951383A DE1951383C3 (de) 1969-10-11 1969-10-11 Röntgenröhren-Drehanode mit einem Verbundkörper aus einem Schwermetallteil und wenigstens einem Graphitteil und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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US (1) US3710170A (enExample)
CH (1) CH504779A (enExample)
DE (1) DE1951383C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2065293A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1300477A (enExample)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790838A (en) * 1973-02-27 1974-02-05 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray tube target
US3869634A (en) * 1973-05-11 1975-03-04 Gen Electric Rotating x-ray target with toothed interface
FR2388402A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Gen Electric Substrat composite pour anode tournante de tube a rayons x
US4130775A (en) * 1977-01-17 1978-12-19 Tektronix, Inc. Charge image charge transfer cathode ray tube having a scan expansion electron lens system and collimation electrode means
US4189658A (en) * 1976-10-14 1980-02-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotating anode X-ray tube
US4255685A (en) * 1978-08-01 1981-03-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotating anode for x-ray tubes
DE3013441A1 (de) * 1980-04-05 1981-10-08 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Anodenteller fuer eine drehanoden-roentgenroehre und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4394953A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-07-26 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Method of joining individual parts of an X-ray anode, in particular of a rotating anode
USRE31369E (en) * 1977-04-18 1983-09-06 General Electric Company Method for joining an anode target comprising tungsten to a graphite substrate
USRE31568E (en) * 1977-04-18 1984-04-24 General Electric Company Composite substrate for rotating x-ray anode tube
US4641334A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-02-03 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for X-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
US4645121A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-02-24 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for X-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
US4689810A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-08-25 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for X-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
US4741011A (en) * 1980-11-03 1988-04-26 U.S. Philips Corp. X-ray tube comprising an anode disc which is at least partly made of pyrolytic graphite
US4777643A (en) * 1985-02-15 1988-10-11 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for x-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
USH547H (en) 1986-11-13 1988-11-01 General Electric Company X-ray tube target
US5102747A (en) * 1990-06-28 1992-04-07 Schwartzkopf Technologies Corporation High temperature-resistant composite
US5160090A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-11-03 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation Method of making high-strength brazed joints
US5204891A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-04-20 General Electric Company Focal track structures for X-ray anodes and method of preparation thereof
US5222116A (en) * 1992-07-02 1993-06-22 General Electric Company Metallic alloy for X-ray target
US6554179B2 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-04-29 General Atomics Reaction brazing of tungsten or molybdenum body to carbonaceous support
US20070064874A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-03-22 Eberhard Lenz Rotary anode x-ray radiator
US20070071174A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-29 General Electric Company Systems, methods and apparatus of a composite X-Ray target
JP2007512959A (ja) * 2003-10-03 2007-05-24 プランゼー エスエー 複合部材の製造方法
US20110129068A1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2011-06-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high prower x-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247781A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-27 International Business Machines Corporation Cooled target disc for high current ion implantation method and apparatus
AT362459B (de) * 1979-07-12 1981-05-25 Plansee Metallwerk Verfahren zum verbinden einzelner teile einer roentgenanode, insbesondere drehanode
DE3048476A1 (de) * 1980-12-22 1982-07-22 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Roentgenroehren-drehanode
JPS5857247A (ja) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-05 Toshiba Corp Ｘ線管用回転陽極およびその製造方法
DE3226858A1 (de) * 1982-07-17 1984-01-19 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Drehanoden-roentgenroehre
AT12919U1 (de) * 2011-11-25 2013-02-15 Plansee Se Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochtemperaturfesten verbundkörpers

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3579022A (en) * 1967-08-28 1971-05-18 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3610984A (en) * 1967-12-28 1971-10-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Rotating-anode x-ray tube with multiple focal areas

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3579022A (en) * 1967-08-28 1971-05-18 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3610984A (en) * 1967-12-28 1971-10-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Rotating-anode x-ray tube with multiple focal areas

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790838A (en) * 1973-02-27 1974-02-05 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray tube target
US3869634A (en) * 1973-05-11 1975-03-04 Gen Electric Rotating x-ray target with toothed interface
US4189658A (en) * 1976-10-14 1980-02-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotating anode X-ray tube
US4130775A (en) * 1977-01-17 1978-12-19 Tektronix, Inc. Charge image charge transfer cathode ray tube having a scan expansion electron lens system and collimation electrode means
USRE31568E (en) * 1977-04-18 1984-04-24 General Electric Company Composite substrate for rotating x-ray anode tube
FR2388402A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Gen Electric Substrat composite pour anode tournante de tube a rayons x
US4145632A (en) * 1977-04-18 1979-03-20 General Electric Company Composite substrate for rotating x-ray anode tube
USRE31369E (en) * 1977-04-18 1983-09-06 General Electric Company Method for joining an anode target comprising tungsten to a graphite substrate
US4255685A (en) * 1978-08-01 1981-03-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotating anode for x-ray tubes
DE3013441A1 (de) * 1980-04-05 1981-10-08 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Anodenteller fuer eine drehanoden-roentgenroehre und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4741011A (en) * 1980-11-03 1988-04-26 U.S. Philips Corp. X-ray tube comprising an anode disc which is at least partly made of pyrolytic graphite
US4394953A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-07-26 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Method of joining individual parts of an X-ray anode, in particular of a rotating anode
US4641334A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-02-03 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for X-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
US4645121A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-02-24 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for X-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
US4689810A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-08-25 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for X-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
US4777643A (en) * 1985-02-15 1988-10-11 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for x-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
USH547H (en) 1986-11-13 1988-11-01 General Electric Company X-ray tube target
US5102747A (en) * 1990-06-28 1992-04-07 Schwartzkopf Technologies Corporation High temperature-resistant composite
US5160090A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-11-03 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation Method of making high-strength brazed joints
US5204891A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-04-20 General Electric Company Focal track structures for X-ray anodes and method of preparation thereof
US5222116A (en) * 1992-07-02 1993-06-22 General Electric Company Metallic alloy for X-ray target
US6554179B2 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-04-29 General Atomics Reaction brazing of tungsten or molybdenum body to carbonaceous support
JP2007512959A (ja) * 2003-10-03 2007-05-24 プランゼー エスエー 複合部材の製造方法
US20070119907A1 (en) * 2003-10-03 2007-05-31 Plansee Ag Process for producing composite body
US7762448B2 (en) 2003-10-03 2010-07-27 Plansee Se Process for producing a composite body
US20070064874A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-03-22 Eberhard Lenz Rotary anode x-ray radiator
US7489763B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2009-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode x-ray radiator
US20070071174A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-29 General Electric Company Systems, methods and apparatus of a composite X-Ray target
US7382864B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2008-06-03 General Electric Company Systems, methods and apparatus of a composite X-Ray target
US20110129068A1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2011-06-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high prower x-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type
US8553844B2 (en) 2007-08-16 2013-10-08 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high prower X-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2065293A5 (enExample) 1971-07-23
DE1951383A1 (de) 1971-04-22
DE1951383B2 (de) 1974-02-07
DE1951383C3 (de) 1974-08-29
GB1300477A (en) 1972-12-20
CH504779A (de) 1971-03-15

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