US3710151A - Electroacoustic transducer for use at high temperatures and pressures - Google Patents
Electroacoustic transducer for use at high temperatures and pressures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3710151A US3710151A US00128802A US3710151DA US3710151A US 3710151 A US3710151 A US 3710151A US 00128802 A US00128802 A US 00128802A US 3710151D A US3710151D A US 3710151DA US 3710151 A US3710151 A US 3710151A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cylindrical
- transducer element
- transducer
- support member
- wall section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-benzyl-3-[hydroxy-[(1r)-2-phenyl-1-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphoryl]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(CP(O)(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126208 compound 22 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009931 pascalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0655—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of cylindrical shape
Definitions
- ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search ..310/8.9-9.l, 9.4, A l d d 310/8 2 8 340/10 n eectroacoustic trans ucer 1S ⁇ encase 111 a unitary housing, preferably machined from a smgle block of f d material, which is chemically inert, sound conducting, [56] Re erences and sealed against moisture seepage when the trans- UNITED STATES PATENTS clucer is immersed, under high pressure, in a hot chemical.
- the transducer is for immersion, as 21 2,444,911 7/1948 Benioff ..340/85 production control sensor in a hot corrosive fluid 3,068,446 Ehrlich at X being chemically processed under high pressure. 3,318,578 5/1967 Branson ..310/8.9 X 3,489,932 1/1970 Kopel et a1. ..310/9.1 6 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures /l l I PATENTEDJAH 9 I975 3,710,151
- This invention relates to electroacoustic transducers and more particularly to electroacoustic transducers capable of operating in hot liquids and in environments where the hydrostatic pressure exceeds normal atmospheric pressure.
- a means for directly measuring the bulk modulus of such a fluid measures the velocity of sound in the fluid.
- the transducer To provide a transducer for general application in many different chemical manufacturing processes, it is necessary for the transducer to withstand both high temperature and high ambient pressures. Additionally, the transducer should be highly reliable. It should also withstand immersion in various chemical environments without corroding, leaking, or deteriorating in performance.
- an object of this invention is to provide an electroacoustic transducer having high reliability and operating at high temperatures and high hydrostatic pressures.
- one of the objects of this invention is to provide an electroacoustic transducer which may be used for generating and receiving sound in a fluid during a chemical processing thereof.
- Another object is to provide a chemically inert, sound conducting, sealed housing structure surrounding a transducer element.
- a further object is toprovide a one-piece outer housing which is transparent to sound and protects a transducer element in the housing from hot corrosive liquids.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing one illustrative embodiment of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing another illustrative embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a third illustrative embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of FIG 5.
- the reference character 10 identifies a housing which may be a hollow, one-piece stainless steel, shell-like body 12 having an unbroken, somewhat thimble shape.
- the cylindrical body and domed-shaped sealed end form the housing wall 12, which enables the housing to withstand high pressures, in excess of atmospheric pressure, without collapsing.
- the wall of thimble 12 is relatively thin, to enable the transmission of sound from an internal sound generating element to a fluid medium surrounding the transducer assembly.
- the open end of the thimble is terminated by an integral connection section, here a threaded body section 13.
- a threaded body section 13 Preferably, the periphery of this section has a generally hexagon shape or wrench faces to enable a wrench to be used to tighten the housing in a threaded seat.
- the threaded end 13 thus enables an attachment of the transducer housing 12 to the end. of a pipe or other support, for example.
- These threads may be sealed to a convenient structure, which enables the immersion of the mounted transducer in a tank containing the fluid being processed.
- the housing 10 (including the threaded end 13) is preferably machined from a solid 'bar or block of corrosion resistant metal.
- the threads 13 enable the one-piece housing to be attached to a mating thread at the end of a pipe of the same material.
- the high temperature electrical cable 21 used to drive the transducer passes through the inside of the pipe and is thus protected from exposure to the fluid medium in which the probe is immersed.
- a corrosion resistant probe is provided which may be immersed in a tank containing a hot corrosive fluid undergoing chemical processing.
- this transducer element 14 is capable of converting electrical signals into mechanical vibrations.
- this transducer element is a cylinder of polarized piezoelectric ceramic 14.
- This ceramic element may, for example, be made from a polarized lead zirconatetitanate material, which can be reliably operated at temperatures higher than the temperature of boiling water. It is preferable to locate the ceramic-cylinder l4 coaxial with the cylindrical body 12, which location may be achieved by the use of suitable spacers placed around the periphery of the ceramic cylinder. The spacers are not shown.
- the ceramic cylinder 14 has a first electrode surface 15 on its outer wall and a second electrode surface 16 on its inner wall.
- Electrodes may be layers of fired silver, as is usual and well known in the piezoelectric ceramic art.
- Electrical conductors l7 and 18 make connections from the electrodes 15 and 16 to two insulated conductors l9 and 20 inside a waterproof cable 21.
- the electrical connections may be made by soldering, for example.
- a potting compound 22 fills the entire space between the outer wall of the ceramic cylinder 14 and the inner wall of the thimble-shaped housing wall 12.
- the potting compound should have a characteristic which establishes a sound transmitting path from the vibratile surface of the ceramic cylinder to the housing wall 12.
- the insulating materials, the polarized ceramic, and the potting compound must all be resistant to deterioration under-high temperatures.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 results in an omnidirectional transducer which radiates sound in all directions, lying in a plane positioned at right angles to the axis of the cylinder.
- This construction is ideal when it is desirable to mount the transducers side-byside, with their axes parallel.
- This particular configuration is used for transmitting sound from one transducer to another. For example, if two transducers are mounted side-by-side with their axes parallel, their separation distance is fixed as described and illustrated in FIG. 2 of a copending patent application of Frank Massa, Ser. No. 40,784, filed May 27, I970, entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MONITORING A CHEMICAL PROCESSING SYSTEM.
- the resulting structures may be employed for continuously monitoring either the sound transmission characteristics or the velocity of sound in the fluid within which they are placed.
- a pair of transducers may be connected to electronic circuits for measuring the time for a sound pulse to travel from the transmitter to the receiver, and thereby provide a means for the direct measurement of the velocity of sound in the fluid, for example.
- a more complete description for the continuous monitoring of the velocity of sound in a fluid is given in copending application of Frank Massa and Donald P. Massa, Ser. No. 30,631, filed Apr. 22, 1970, entitled INSTRU- MENT FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE VELOCITY OF SOUND IN A FLUID.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 A modification of the construction of FIGS. 1 and 2 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the general construction is similar to the construction of FIG. 1, with the exception that the ceramic cylinder 14 is replaced by the ceramic disc 23. Electrode surfaces 24 and 25 are formed on the outer and inner surfaces of the disc 23 in a manner which is well known in the art.
- the ceramic disc 23 is arranged with its plane face 14 positioned at right angles to the major axis of the housing structure 10, as shown in FIG. 3.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate another type of construction, which is basically similar to the construction shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the entire housing 101 may be machined from a single block of corrosion resistant material, such as stainless steel, for example.
- the housing 101 has a shape which is generally similar to the shape of the housing 10, with the exception that the sealed end has a solid nose section 102, within which is drilled an axial hole 103.
- a somewhat cylindrical core support member 104 is used for aligning and locating the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder 105.
- This cylinder 105 and the previously described cylinder 14 are constructed in approximately the same manner and from approximately the same material.
- the ceramic cylinder 105 fits snugly over the outer surface of the support member 104.
- the cylindrical support member 104 is provided with a pin-like extension tip 106 which fits into the hole 103.
- Three spacing members 124 are attached to the opposite end of the cylindrical support member 104. These spacing members locate the opposite end of the member 104 within a clearance diameter provided in the opening of the base portion of the housing member 101.
- three cylindrical strips 107 of silicone rubber, or other suitable heat resistant material, are employed as spacers for locating the inside surface of the ceramic cylinder 105, concentrically with respect to the outside diameter of the cylindrical support member 104; and, therefore, with respect to the inside of the housing 101.
- Conductor wires 108 and 109 are soldered to the electrode surfaces of the ceramic cylinder 105 before it is assembled over the spacers 107.
- the assembled structure is dropped into the housing 101.
- the entire mechanical structure becomes a perfectly aligned concentric assembly.
- a sound conducting high temperature resisting potting compound 113 is employed to complete the assembled structure in a manner which is similar to the structures illustrated in the other figures.
- the sound transparent housing wall 12 need not extend outward as a thimble-shaped tubular shell with a domed end. Instead, a flat thin wall might terminate the sealed end of the housing, and the disc 24 could be either spaced parallel to the flat end wall or cemented directly to the wall with a suitable high temperature adhesive, such as epoxy.
- a suitable high temperature adhesive such as epoxy.
- Another modification uses X-cut quartz for the piezoelectric plate 23. Still further examples of modifications will be perceived by those who are skilled in the art.
- An electroacoustic transducer for operating at temperatures exceeding the temperature of boiling water, said transducer comprising a unitary housing structure of stainless steel having a cylindrical tubular wall section with an opening surrounded by threads at one end and a closed bottom at the other end with no open joints therebetween, an axial hole inside the end of said closed bottom, means comprising a cylindrical tubular transducer element for converting alternating electrical signals into mechanical vibrations, means comprising a cylindrical core support member having an outer diameter which fits loosely inside said cylindrical transducer element, positioning means comprising a pin-like extension tip on said core member fitting into said axial hole for locating said support member with its axis in alignment with the axis of said cylindrical tubular wall section of said housing member, spacer means for locating said cylindrical tubular transducer element in concentric relationship over the cylindrical'support member, electrical conductor means connected to said transducer element, and sound conducting coupling means filling the space between the vibratile cylindrical surface of said transducer element and the surrounding surface of said tubular wall section of
- An electroacoustic transducer for operating at temperatures exceeding the temperature of boiling water, said transducer comprising a unitary housing structure having a cylindrical tubular wall section with an opening surrounded by threads at one end and a closed bottom at the other end with no open joints therebetween, an axial hole inside the end of said closed bottom, means comprising a cylindrical tubular transducer element for converting alternating electrical signals into mechanical vibrations, means comprising a cylindrical core support member having an outer diameter which fits loosely inside said cylindrical transducer element, positioning means; comprising apin-like extension tip on said core member fitting into said axial hole for locating said support member with its axis in alignment with the axis of said cylindrical tubular wall section of said housing member, spacer means for locating said cylindrical tubular transducer element in concentric relationship over the cylindrical support member, electrical conductor means connected to said transducer element, and sound conducting coupling means filling the space between the vibratile cylindrical surface of said transducer element and the surrounding surface of said tubular wall section of said housing structure.
- transducer element is a polarized ceramic cylinder.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12880271A | 1971-03-29 | 1971-03-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3710151A true US3710151A (en) | 1973-01-09 |
Family
ID=22437046
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US00128802A Expired - Lifetime US3710151A (en) | 1971-03-29 | 1971-03-29 | Electroacoustic transducer for use at high temperatures and pressures |
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US (1) | US3710151A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3928777A (en) * | 1974-08-26 | 1975-12-23 | Dellorfano Jr Fred M | Directional ultrasonic transducer with reduced secondary lobes |
US4030175A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-06-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method of making a metal enclosed transducer assembly |
DE2807101A1 (en) * | 1977-02-21 | 1978-08-24 | Australasian Training Aids Pty | HIT DISPLAY DEVICE FOR A FIRING RANGE OR DGL. |
EP0015159A2 (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1980-09-03 | Australasian Training Aids (Pty) Ltd. | A shock or pressure wave detecting transducer assembly |
US4365515A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-12-28 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sensing |
FR2517155A1 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-05-27 | Metraflu | Hydrophonic appts. for acoustic wave detection in liq. - has tubular piezoelectric pressure pick=up in watertight sheath |
US5363344A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1994-11-08 | Sofen Michael E | Acoustic sensor having a shell-mounted transducer |
US20060241533A1 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Benjamin Geller | Apparatus and method for treatment of damaged tissue |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2444911A (en) * | 1942-12-04 | 1948-07-13 | Submarine Signal Co | Acoustic structure |
US3068446A (en) * | 1958-08-21 | 1962-12-11 | Stanley L Ehrlich | Tubular electrostrictive transducer with spaced electrodes and loading masses |
US3113287A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1963-12-03 | Raytheon Co | Electroacoustical transducer mounted on boat hull |
US3146360A (en) * | 1961-04-07 | 1964-08-25 | John M Marshall | Piezoelectric time-of-arrival gage |
US3167668A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1965-01-26 | Nesh Florence | Piezoelectric transducers |
US3266011A (en) * | 1961-12-18 | 1966-08-09 | Dynamics Corp America | Hydrophone |
US3284760A (en) * | 1963-02-05 | 1966-11-08 | Electronique Appliquee | Hydrophone members |
US3318578A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1967-05-09 | Branson Instr | Cleaning apparatus |
US3353150A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1967-11-14 | Atlantic Res Corp | Foam-filled transducer |
US3427481A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1969-02-11 | Magnaflux Corp | Ultrasonic transducer with a fluorocarbon damper |
US3489932A (en) * | 1967-06-27 | 1970-01-13 | Hewlett Packard Co | Ultrasonic transducer shielding |
US3489994A (en) * | 1967-10-03 | 1970-01-13 | Dynamics Corp America | Line hydrophone |
US3510698A (en) * | 1967-04-17 | 1970-05-05 | Dynamics Corp America | Electroacoustical transducer |
US3561831A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-02-09 | Columbia Research Lab Inc | Transducer system for detecting changes in applied forces |
US3573515A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1971-04-06 | United States Steel Corp | Transducer-holding block adapted to be mounted within a liquid-filled work-engaging roller |
-
1971
- 1971-03-29 US US00128802A patent/US3710151A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2444911A (en) * | 1942-12-04 | 1948-07-13 | Submarine Signal Co | Acoustic structure |
US3113287A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1963-12-03 | Raytheon Co | Electroacoustical transducer mounted on boat hull |
US3068446A (en) * | 1958-08-21 | 1962-12-11 | Stanley L Ehrlich | Tubular electrostrictive transducer with spaced electrodes and loading masses |
US3146360A (en) * | 1961-04-07 | 1964-08-25 | John M Marshall | Piezoelectric time-of-arrival gage |
US3167668A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1965-01-26 | Nesh Florence | Piezoelectric transducers |
US3266011A (en) * | 1961-12-18 | 1966-08-09 | Dynamics Corp America | Hydrophone |
US3284760A (en) * | 1963-02-05 | 1966-11-08 | Electronique Appliquee | Hydrophone members |
US3318578A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1967-05-09 | Branson Instr | Cleaning apparatus |
US3427481A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1969-02-11 | Magnaflux Corp | Ultrasonic transducer with a fluorocarbon damper |
US3353150A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1967-11-14 | Atlantic Res Corp | Foam-filled transducer |
US3510698A (en) * | 1967-04-17 | 1970-05-05 | Dynamics Corp America | Electroacoustical transducer |
US3489932A (en) * | 1967-06-27 | 1970-01-13 | Hewlett Packard Co | Ultrasonic transducer shielding |
US3489994A (en) * | 1967-10-03 | 1970-01-13 | Dynamics Corp America | Line hydrophone |
US3573515A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1971-04-06 | United States Steel Corp | Transducer-holding block adapted to be mounted within a liquid-filled work-engaging roller |
US3561831A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-02-09 | Columbia Research Lab Inc | Transducer system for detecting changes in applied forces |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3928777A (en) * | 1974-08-26 | 1975-12-23 | Dellorfano Jr Fred M | Directional ultrasonic transducer with reduced secondary lobes |
US4030175A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-06-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method of making a metal enclosed transducer assembly |
DE2807101A1 (en) * | 1977-02-21 | 1978-08-24 | Australasian Training Aids Pty | HIT DISPLAY DEVICE FOR A FIRING RANGE OR DGL. |
EP0015159A2 (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1980-09-03 | Australasian Training Aids (Pty) Ltd. | A shock or pressure wave detecting transducer assembly |
EP0015159A3 (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1980-11-26 | Australasian Training Aids (Pty) Ltd. | A shock or pressure wave detecting transducer assembly |
US4359659A (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1982-11-16 | Australasian Training Aids (Pty.) Limited | Piezoelectric shock wave detector |
US4365515A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-12-28 | Micro Pure Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sensing |
FR2517155A1 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-05-27 | Metraflu | Hydrophonic appts. for acoustic wave detection in liq. - has tubular piezoelectric pressure pick=up in watertight sheath |
US5363344A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1994-11-08 | Sofen Michael E | Acoustic sensor having a shell-mounted transducer |
US20060241533A1 (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Benjamin Geller | Apparatus and method for treatment of damaged tissue |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DELLORFANO, FRED M. JR. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STONELEIGH TRUST, THE;REEL/FRAME:005397/0016 Effective date: 19841223 Owner name: TRUSTEES FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE D.P. MASSA TRUST Free format text: ASSIGN TO TRUSTEES AS EQUAL TENANTS IN COMMON, THE ENTIRE INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MASSA, DONALD P.;MASSA, CONSTANCE A.;MASSA, GEORGIANA M.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005395/0942 Effective date: 19841223 Owner name: MASSA PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 80 LINCOLN STREET, HIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DONALD P. MASSA TRUST;CONSTANCE ANN MASSA TRUST *;GEORGIANA M. MASSA TRUST;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005395/0954 Effective date: 19841223 Owner name: MASSA PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 280 LINCOLN STREET, HI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DONALD P. MASSA TRUST;CONSTANCE ANN MASSA TRUST;ROBERT MASSA TRUST;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005395/0971 Effective date: 19860612 Owner name: MASSA, DONALD P., COHASSET, MA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STONELEIGH TRUST, THE;REEL/FRAME:005397/0016 Effective date: 19841223 |