US3706565A - Photographic compositions containing an admixture of organic and inorganic silver salts - Google Patents

Photographic compositions containing an admixture of organic and inorganic silver salts Download PDF

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US3706565A
US3706565A US84924A US3706565DA US3706565A US 3706565 A US3706565 A US 3706565A US 84924 A US84924 A US 84924A US 3706565D A US3706565D A US 3706565DA US 3706565 A US3706565 A US 3706565A
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silver
organic
photographic
silver salt
inorganic
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Ronald Harris Ericson
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/494—Silver salt compositions other than silver halide emulsions; Photothermographic systems ; Thermographic systems using noble metal compounds
    • G03C1/498—Photothermographic systems, e.g. dry silver

Definitions

  • the amphiphilic copolymer comprises units of a (N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl acrylate.
  • a process for forming a photographic composition which comprises (1) forming inorganic silver salt crystals in a liquid medium in the presence of an amphiphilic copolymer which is a silver halide peptizer and (2) mixing said inorganic silver salt crystals with an organic silver salt in an organic liquid medium.
  • This invention relates to photographic compositions and to processes for making photographic compositions.
  • this invention relates to an improved photographic composition comprising in admixture an organic silver salt and an inorganic silver salt wherein said inorganic silver salt has been prepared in the presence of an amphiphilic copolymer which is a silver halide peptizer.
  • this invention relates to a process of preparing an improved silver salt composition comprising (1) precipitating a silver halide in an aqueous medium in the presence of an amphiphilic copolymeric peptizer and then (2) mixing said silver halide with an organic silver salt in an organic solvent.
  • Photographic elements which comprise mixtures of inorganic silver salts with organic silver salts are known in the art, for example, as described in US. Pats. 3,152,- 903 by Sheppard issued Oct. 13, 1964, 3,152,904 by Sorensen et al. issued Oct. 13, 1964, 3,457,075 by Morgan et al. issued July 22, 1969, and 3,392,020 by Yutzy et al. issued July 9, 1968, and British Pat. 1,161,777. In most instances where photographic elements are required with high-exposure speed, inorganic silver salts have been used in combination with the organic silver salts.
  • inorganic silver salts and organic silver salts wherein the inorganic silver salt could be prepared by means, such as conventional silver halide precipitation techniques, to obtain better photosensitive properties; better control of purity, grain size, composition; and the like.
  • inorganic silver salts when inorganic silver salts are prepared in the presence of certain amphiphilic copolymers in an aqueous medium, they can later be combined with the organic silver salts and other essential ingredients in an aqueous or preferably organic solvent medium and then coated on a support to make a photographic element with good photographic and thermographic respons characteristics.
  • the amphiphilic copolymer is a copolymer comprising from 0 to 20 mole percent of units of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing groups therein comprising at least one thioether moiety, from about 35 to mole percent of units of an alkyl acrylate and from 25 to 65 mole percent of a (N,N-dialkylamino) alkyl acrylate.
  • amphiphilic polymeric peptizer is a copolymer consisting essentially of units of (N,N-dialkylamino)alkylene acrylates and units of alkyl acrylates.
  • the inorganic silver salt can be formed byprecipitating a salt such as silver halide in an aqueous medium containing an amphiphilic copolymer which is a silver halide peptizer.
  • the precipitation is normally commenced by reacting silver nitrate vn'th an alkali metal halide in accordance with techniques known in the art.
  • The'precipitant can be coagulated, decanted and then, if desired, redispersed in an organic solvent, especially when the preferred amphiphilic copolymers of this invention are utilized in the precipitation medium.
  • the redispersed silver halide is then mixed with the remaining ingredients, such as the organic silver salts, to make the photographic composition.
  • This technique allows one to use the conventional aqueous precipitation means for precipitating silver halide to make a preformed inorganic silver salt ex situ of the other ingredients, and then combine them later to produce a alkyl acrylates. It is understood, of course, that when the term acrylates is used herein, it is used generally to composition similar to or better than those formed in situ.
  • amphiphilic copolymers which have been found to be very useful in systems in accordance with this invention generally contain units of (N,N-dialkylarnino) include methacrylates and the like.
  • Typical preferred compounds of this type are represented by the formula:
  • R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R is an alkylene group preferably containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, including branched-chain alkylene groups such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, butylene, isobutylene and the like
  • R and R are alkyl groups of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, including branched-chain alkyl groups, aryl groups of from 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl and the like.
  • the polymeric peptizer comprises units of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate.
  • the alkyl acrylates used in making the copolymers of this invention are generally referred to as unsubstituted acrylic esters (which form hydrophobic units when polymerized) and, of course, include the alkyl methacrylates, as well as the alkyl acrylates.
  • Typical useful acrylic esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, the respective methacrylates, and the like.
  • the alkyl acrylate is a simple compound such as methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate.
  • the polymeric peptizers of this invention can also comprise units of an ethylenically unsaturated compound comprising groups having thioether moieties or sulfidesulfur; atoms therein.
  • these compounds include those derived from monomers of amides and esters of ethylenically unsaturated acids, including maleic acids, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids and the like, in which the respective amine and alcohol condensation residues in said amides and esters contain at least one organic group having at least one sulfide-sulfur atom linking two methylene groups (-C'H Typical units of this type useful in certain embodiments according to this invention are disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 701,084 filed Jan. 29, 1968 now Pat. No. 3,615,624, which is incorporated herein by reference. These units can be obtained from monomers such as N- (3 -th iabutyl) acrylamide;
  • the crizerpolymers of this invention can be generally polymerized by solution polymerization, emulsion polymerizationor bulk polymerization procedures, but they are preferably polymerized by solution polymerization procedures.
  • the polymerization is carried out to obtain a molecular weight of the interpolymer of at least about 10,000 to about 500,000 and preferably from about 30,000 to about 100,000.
  • the inherent viscosities of the interpolymers generally range from about 0.1 to about 2.
  • amphiphilic is used herein to characterize copolymers comprising both polar water-soluble groups and hydrophobic water-insoluble groups wherein the compound can be put into a stable water solution and also a stable organic solvent solution.
  • the amphiphilic copolymers of this invention can be characterized as being at least 3% souble, by weight, in water at room temperature at a pH of less than and at least 3%, by weight, soluble in an' organic solvent.
  • the amphiphilic copolymers are at least 3% soluble in an organic solvent such as acetone.
  • the preferred copolymers of this invention comprise separate repeating units which respectively contain the hydrophobic and polar watersoluble groups.
  • copolymer which is a silver halide peptizer is understood to mean a copolymer which will aid in prevention'of clumping of crystal grains and help maintain the separate crystal entity during the growth of the crystal when present in a precipitation medium for forming silver halide crystals.
  • an organic or nonaqueous solvent can be used in the preparation of the silver halide salt and preferably it is used for redispersing the silver salt-polymeric peptizer dispersion followed by coating from an organic liquid carrier.
  • organic solvent generally refers to those compounds comprising carbon and hydrogen atoms which generally have boiling points below 165 C. and preferably lower than about 90 C.
  • the amphiphilic polymers are soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, amides, nitriles, ethers including the cyclic ethers, and the like.
  • organic solvents such as organic acids, organic sulfoxides and organic sulfones can also be used, including mixtures of any of the above organic solvents.
  • Typical useful organic solvents include acetone, dimethylformamide, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, dioxane, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetic acid, triethylamine, and the like.
  • the organic solvents used in dispersing the amphiphilic polymers are watermiscible, especially if an aqueous medium is used for either the silver halide grain formation or the redispersion.
  • the photographic elements of this invention comprise the inorganic silver salt in admixture with the organic silver salt.
  • a typical concentration range of the described photosensitive silver halide prepared in the process of the invention is from about 0.005 to about 0.50 mole of silver salt per mole of silver salt of organic acid, e.g., per mole of silver behenate.
  • Preferred inorganic silver salts are photosensitive silver halide, e.g., silver chloride, silver bromide, silver chlorobromide, silver iodide, silver bromoiodide, silver chloroiodide, silver chlorobromoiodide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the photosensitive silver halide can be coarseor fine-grain; in one embodiment, the very fine-grain silver halide is especially useful.
  • a supplemental photosensitive silver halide emulsion can be employed in combination with the photosensitive inorganic silver salt prepared according to the invention and the organic silver salt, if desired.
  • the silver halide emulsion can be prepared by any of the well-known procedures in the photographic art, such as single-jet emulsions or double-jet emulsions such as Lippmann emulsions, ammoniacal emulsions, thiocyanate or thioether ripened emulsions, such as those described in U.S. Pats. 2,222,264 of Nietz et al. issued Nov. 14, 1940, 3,320,069 of Illingsworth issued May 15, 1967, and 3,271,157 of McBride issued Sept. 6, 1966.
  • Silver halide emulsions can be used, as well as mixtures of surfaceand internalimage silver halide emulsions, as described in U.S. Pat. 2,996,332 of Luckey et al. issued Apr. 15, 1961. Negativetype emulsions can be used.
  • the silver halide emulsion can be a regular-grain emulsion such as described in Klein and Moisar, Journal of Photographic Science, vol. 12, No. 5, September-October 1964, pp. 242-251.
  • the inorganic silver salts employed in the practice of the invention can be sensitized with chemical sensitizers, such as with reducing agents; sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds; gold, platinum or palladium compounds; or combinations of these.
  • chemical sensitizers such as with reducing agents; sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds; gold, platinum or palladium compounds; or combinations of these.
  • Suitable procedures are described, for example, in U.S. Pats. 1,623,499 of Sheppard issued Apr. 5, 1927, 2,399,083 of Waller et al. issued Apr. 23, 1946, 3,297,447 of McVeigh issued Jan. 10, 1967, and 3,297,446 of Dunn issued Jan. 10, 1967.
  • Photosensitive, inorganic, silver salt compositions employed in the practice of the invention can be protected against the production of fog and can be stabilized against loss of sensitivity during keeping.
  • Suitable antifoggants and stabilizers include, for example, thiazolium salts; azaindenes; mercury salts as described for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,728,663 of Allen et al. issued Dec. 27, 1955; urazoles; sulfocatechols; oximes described, for example, in British Pat. No. 623,- 448; nitron; nitroindazoles; polyvalent metal salts described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.
  • the photographic elements of this invention comprise an oxidizing agent, especially a silver salt of an organic acid.
  • the silver salt of the organic acid should be resistant to darkening under illumination to prevent undesired deterioration of a developed image.
  • An especially suitable class of silver salts of organic acids is represented by the water-insoluble silver salts of long-chain fatty acids which are stable to light.
  • Compounds which are suitable silver salts include silver behenate, silver stearate, silver oleate, silver laurate, silver hydroxystearate, silver caproate, silver myristate and silver palmitate.
  • oxidizing agents are silver benzoate, silver phthalazinone, silver benzotriazole, silver saccharin, silver 4'-n-octadecyloxydiphenyl 4 carboxylic acid, silver O-aminobenzoate, silver acetamidobenzoate, silver furoate, silver camphorate, silver P-phenylbenzoate, silver phenylacetate, silver salicylate, silver butyrate, silver terephthalate, silver phthalate, silver acetate and silver acid phthalate.
  • Oxidizing agents which are not silver salts can be employed, if desired, in place of the silver salts, such as zinc oxide, gold stearate, mercuric behenate, auric behenate and the like, but silver salts are preferred.
  • Organic reducing agents can be employed in certain embodiments of the described composition and/or element which include, for example, substituted phenols and naphthols.
  • the bis-naphthol which is preferred is a bisfl-naphthol of the formula:
  • R and/or R are hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxy, e.g., alkoxy containing 1 to 2 carbon atoms such as methoxy or ethoxy, halogen, nitro, amino or a diazonium halide salt, and n is to 1.
  • Suitable bis-B-naphthols which can be employed in the practice of the invention include:
  • the described reducing agents are suitable in a range of concentration; however, they are especially suitable at a concentration from about 0.10 to about 0.75 mole of reducing agent per mole of oxidizing agent.
  • Suitable silver halide developing agents include, for example, polyhydroxybenzenes such as hydroquinone developing agents, e.g., hydroquinone, alkyl-substituted hydroquinones as exemplified by tertiary butylhydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, 2,5-dimethylhydroquinone and 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone; catechols and pyrogallol; halo-substituted, hydroquinones such as chlorohydroquinone or dichlorohydroquinone; alkoxy-substituted hydroquinones such as methoxyhydroquinone or ethoxyhydroquinone; methylhydroxynaphthalene; phenylenediamine developing agents; methylgallate; aminophenol developing agents such as 2-4-diamino
  • a suitable activator-toning agent is a heterocyclic activator-toning agent containing at least one nitrogen atom and of the formula:
  • an especially suitable activator-toning agent is a heterocyclic activator-toningagent containing at least one nitrogen atom which is preferably a cyclic imide of the formula:
  • R is hydrogen, hydroxyl or a metal ion such as potassium, sodium, lithium, silver, gold or mercury
  • Z represents carbon atoms of a series completing a cyclic imide nucleus, typically consisting of from 5 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., a phthalimide or succinimide nucleus.
  • the atoms of the cyclic imide nucleus can contain various substituent groups, especially amino, alkyl, such as alkyl containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl or aryl, such as aryl containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, tolyl and xylyl.
  • Suitable activator-toning agents which can be employed in the practice of the invention include, for instance, phthalimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, N-potassium phthalimide, N- silver phthalimide, N-mercury phthalimide, succinimide and/or N-hydroxysuccinimide.
  • the described activatortoning agents are suitable in a range of concentration; however, they are especially suitable at a concentration from about 0.10 mole to about 1.05 moles of activatortoning agent per mole of oxidizing agent.
  • activator-toning agents can be employed in combination with other components of the described photosensitive and thermosensitive element in the practice of the invention.
  • Various so-called toners can be employed for this purpose.
  • a heterocyclic organic toning agent containing at least two hetero atoms in the heterocyclic ring of which at least one is a nitrogen atom is employed.
  • Suitable toners include, for example, phthalazinone, 2-acetylphthalazinone and Z-phthalylphthalazinone.
  • Other suitable toners are described, for example, in US. Pat. 3,446,648 of Workman issued May 27, 1969.
  • Nonaqueous, polar, organic solvents such as compounds containing a moiety, are also useful in certain embodiments of photosensitive and thermosensitive elements prepared in accordance with this invention for dry processing with heat; improved maximum image densities are provided with solvents such as tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone, methylsulfinylmethane, and the like.
  • a photosensitive and thermosensitive element and compositions described and used in the practice of the invention can contain various colloids alone or in combination as vehicles, binding agents and in various layers.
  • Suitable materials are typically hydrophobic, but hydrophilic materials can also be employed. They are transparent or translucent and include both naturally occurring substances such as proteins, for example, gelatin, gelatin derivatives, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides such as dextran, gum arabic and the like; and synthetic polymeric substances such as water-soluble polyvinyl compounds like poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), acrylamide polymers and the like.
  • Other synthetic polymeric compounds which can be employed include dispersed vinyl compounds such as in latex form, and particularly those which increase dimensional stability of photographic materials. Suitable synthetic polymers include those described in U.S.
  • Effective polymers include latex polymers and water-insoluble polymers of alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, acrylic acid, sulfoalkyl acrylates or methacrylates, and those which have cross-linking sites which facilitate hardening or curing, as well as those having recurring sulfobetaine units as described in Canadian Pat.
  • Preferred high-molecular-weight materials and resins include polyvinyl butyral, cellulose acetate butyrate, polymethyl methacrylate, poly- (vinyl pyrrolidone), ethyl cellulose, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated rubber, polyisobutylene, butadienestyrene copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and maleic acid and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Typical supports include cellulose nitrate film, cellulose ester film, poly(vinyl acetal) film, polystyrene film, poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, polycarbonate film and related films or resinous materials, as well as glass, paper, metal and the like.
  • a flexible support is employed, especially a paper support which can be partially acetylated or coated with baryta and/or an alpha-olefin polymer, particularly a polymer of an alpha-olefin containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-butene copolymers and the like.
  • a support is provided with coatings thereon of a light-stable organic silver-salt oxidizing agent, an organic reducing agent and a photosensitive, inorganic silver salt, preferably silver halide, which provides a photosensitive and thermosensitive element.
  • a visible image in the photographic element can be produced within a few seconds after imagewise exposure by heating the element to moderately elevated temperatures, e.g., about 80 to about 250 C.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A light-sensitive fine-grain silver halide photographic emulsion is prepared. Several solutions are prepared as follows:
  • Solutions B and C are added at a controlled rate of addition (about 25 ml. per minute) to Solution A.
  • the resulting silver bromide dispersion is washed by the procedure which follows.
  • the pH of the aqueous dispersion is adjusted with a 2.5 N solution of sodium hydroxide to the isoelectric point (about pH 7.8).
  • the silver halide dispersed in the copolymer coagulates and settles out of the aqueous phase.
  • the aqueous phase containing unwanted salts is decanted leaving only the silver halide polymeric coagulum.
  • the remaining coagulum is redispersed in acetone.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A light-sensitive fine-grain silver halide photographic emulsion is prepared. Several solutions are prepared as follows:
  • Solutions B and C are added at a controlled rate of addition (about 250 ml. per minute) to Solution A for 30 seconds.
  • the pAg of Solution A is readjusted to 8.5 by stopping the flow of Solution C.
  • the remainder of Solutions B and C are added at a controlled rate of addition (about 250 ml. per minute) to Solution A and the pAg is held constant at 8510.2.
  • the pAg is lowered to 4.8 with silver nitrate (1% solution) and held for 5 minutes.
  • the pAg is readjusted to 8.5 with the potassium bromide solution described above.
  • the resulting silver bromide dispersion is Washed, employing the iso-electric coagulation technique described in Example 1.
  • the resulting silver bromide coagulum is redispersed in acetone.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A light-sensitive fine-grain silver halide photographic emulsion is prepared. Several solutions are prepared as follows:
  • a silver behenate dispersion is prepared by ball-milling the following composition for 20-64 hours:
  • a photographic coating is prepared by coating the following composition on a suitable photographic paper support at a wet thickness of 0.004 inch:
  • a sample of the coating of this example is exposed to a tungsten light source for /2 second and heat-processed for 19 seconds on a curved hot block at a temperature of 135 C.
  • a visible line image of high density results comprising eight visible steps.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A photographic coating is prepared by coating the following composition on a suitable photographic paper support at a wet thickness of 0.004 inch.
  • a sample of the coating of this example is exposed to a tungsten light source for A second and heat-processed for 25 seconds on a curved hot block at a temperature of 135 C.
  • a visible line image results comprising ten visible steps.
  • a photographic coating is prepared by coating the following composition on a suitable photographic paper support at a wet thickness of 0.004 inch.
  • a sample of the coating of this example is exposed to a tungsten light source for /2 second and heat-processed on a curved hot block for 26 seconds at a temperature of 135 C.
  • a visible line image of high density results comprising ten visible steps.
  • EXAMPLE 7 This example is included to demonstrate that the copolymers of this invention are useful not only as peptizers, but also as vehicles.
  • a silver behenate dispersion is prepared by ball-milling the following composition for 5-6 hours:
  • a photographic coating is prepared by coating the following composition on a suitable photographic paper support at a wet thickness of 0.004 inch.
  • a sample of the coating of this example is exposed to a tungsten light source for /2 second and heat-processed on a curved hot block for about 25 seconds at a temperature of about 135 C.
  • a visible line image of high density results comprising eight visible steps.
  • EXAMPLE 8 (COMPARISON) A coating composition is prepared by mixing the following components:
  • composition is mixed and then coated on a suitable resin-coated paper support at a wet thickness of 0.004 inch and dried.
  • the photosensitive element is placed into contact with an original transparent film containing a developed image and exposed for 5 seconds by a l00-watt lamp at a distance of 1 foot.
  • the photosensitive element is separated from the original and the resulting latent image is developed by holding the element in contact with a curved metal block for 10 seconds at C. A very faint but distinguishable image results.
  • a photographic element comprising (A) a support and (B) at least one layer comprising an admixture of (1) an organic silver salt and (2) an inorganic silver halide salt wherein the crystals of said inorganic salt have been formed in the presence of an amphiphilic copolymer which is a silver halide peptizer consisting of:
  • dialkylamino) alkyl acrylate represented by the formula wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R is an alkylene group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R and R are alkyl groups of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl groups of from 6 to 15 carbon atoms;
  • a photographic element according .to claim 1 comprising at least one layer containing a reducing agent.
  • a photographic element according to claim 1 comprising at least one layer containing an activator-toner agent.
  • a process for forming a photographic composition comprising (A) forming inorganic silver halide salt crys tals in a liquid medium in the presence of an amphiphilic copolymer which is a silver halide peptizer consisting of:
  • dialkylamino) alkyl acrylate represented by the formula wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R is an alkylene group containing from 1 to '8 carbon atoms, and R and R are alkyl groups of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl groups of from 6 to 15 carbon atoms;
  • amphiphilic copolymer is characterized as being at least 3%, by weight, soluble in water at room temperature and at least 3%, by weight, soluble in an organic solvent having a boiling point of less than C.
  • a photographic element comprising at least one layer of said composition of claim 5 which has been coated from an organic liquid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US84924A 1970-10-28 1970-10-28 Photographic compositions containing an admixture of organic and inorganic silver salts Expired - Lifetime US3706565A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852073A (en) * 1970-12-31 1974-12-03 Polaroid Corp Silver halide emulsions comprising polymeric peptizers
US3986877A (en) * 1973-09-25 1976-10-19 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Development promoting compounds for silver halide photography
US4157289A (en) * 1977-05-06 1979-06-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for preparing slightly soluble silver salt grains
US4327176A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-04-27 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dry image forming material
US4529689A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-07-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Silver sulfinate photothermographic films
US4605753A (en) * 1983-10-31 1986-08-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Silver sulfinate physical developer for heat-developable photographic films
US5718873A (en) * 1993-11-16 1998-02-17 Comalco Aluminium Limited Countercurrent gas-solid contacting
US6037115A (en) * 1996-05-22 2000-03-14 Eastman Kodak Company Photothermographic and thermographic films containing low levels of formate to prevent fog
US6040130A (en) * 1997-02-10 2000-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Photothermographic and thermographic films containing low levels of unsaturated fatty acid to prevent fog
US12031128B2 (en) 2021-04-07 2024-07-09 Battelle Memorial Institute Rapid design, build, test, and learn technologies for identifying and using non-viral carriers
US12109223B2 (en) 2020-12-03 2024-10-08 Battelle Memorial Institute Polymer nanoparticle and DNA nanostructure compositions and methods for non-viral delivery
US12441996B2 (en) 2023-12-08 2025-10-14 Battelle Memorial Institute Use of DNA origami nanostructures for molecular information based data storage systems
US12458606B2 (en) 2023-09-29 2025-11-04 Battelle Memorial Institute Polymer nanoparticle compositions for in vivo expression of polypeptides

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852073A (en) * 1970-12-31 1974-12-03 Polaroid Corp Silver halide emulsions comprising polymeric peptizers
US3986877A (en) * 1973-09-25 1976-10-19 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Development promoting compounds for silver halide photography
US4157289A (en) * 1977-05-06 1979-06-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for preparing slightly soluble silver salt grains
US4327176A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-04-27 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dry image forming material
US4529689A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-07-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Silver sulfinate photothermographic films
US4605753A (en) * 1983-10-31 1986-08-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Silver sulfinate physical developer for heat-developable photographic films
US5718873A (en) * 1993-11-16 1998-02-17 Comalco Aluminium Limited Countercurrent gas-solid contacting
US6037115A (en) * 1996-05-22 2000-03-14 Eastman Kodak Company Photothermographic and thermographic films containing low levels of formate to prevent fog
US6040130A (en) * 1997-02-10 2000-03-21 Eastman Kodak Company Photothermographic and thermographic films containing low levels of unsaturated fatty acid to prevent fog
US12109223B2 (en) 2020-12-03 2024-10-08 Battelle Memorial Institute Polymer nanoparticle and DNA nanostructure compositions and methods for non-viral delivery
US12433910B2 (en) 2020-12-03 2025-10-07 Battelle Memorial Institute Polymer nanoparticle and DNA nanostructure compositions and methods for non-viral delivery
US12031128B2 (en) 2021-04-07 2024-07-09 Battelle Memorial Institute Rapid design, build, test, and learn technologies for identifying and using non-viral carriers
US12458606B2 (en) 2023-09-29 2025-11-04 Battelle Memorial Institute Polymer nanoparticle compositions for in vivo expression of polypeptides
US12441996B2 (en) 2023-12-08 2025-10-14 Battelle Memorial Institute Use of DNA origami nanostructures for molecular information based data storage systems

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