US3704855A - Device for controlling displacement of an element - Google Patents

Device for controlling displacement of an element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3704855A
US3704855A US154135A US3704855DA US3704855A US 3704855 A US3704855 A US 3704855A US 154135 A US154135 A US 154135A US 3704855D A US3704855D A US 3704855DA US 3704855 A US3704855 A US 3704855A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
rod
chamber
cylinder
volume
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US154135A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert P Combes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DEV de la RECH APPLIQUEE SOC P
SOC POUR LE DEV de la RECHERCHE APPLIQUEE
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DEV de la RECH APPLIQUEE SOC P
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Application filed by DEV de la RECH APPLIQUEE SOC P filed Critical DEV de la RECH APPLIQUEE SOC P
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Publication of US3704855A publication Critical patent/US3704855A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/42—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid by means of electrically-actuated members in the supply or discharge conduits of the fluid motor

Definitions

  • a device for controlling the displacement of an element comprising a rod by means of which the element may be displaced, a first piston having a portion mounted for sliding movement on and sealed to the rod, a first cylinder within which the first piston is slidably mounted and which defines therewith an admission chamber whose volume changes on movement of the first piston, the admission chamber being adapted to be selectively brought into and out of communication with a source of fluid under pressure, the fluid in the admission chamber acting on a pressure surface of the first piston so as to urge the latter in a predetermined direction, means for urging the first piston in the opposite direction, an ex pansion chamber for the fluid under pressure, means establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamber when the volume of the latter exceeds a predetermined volume which is substantially less than its maximum volume, the minimum volume of the admission chamber being less than that of the said predetermined volume, stop means mounted on and secured to the
  • SHEET 2 0F 2 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING DISPLACEMENT OF AN ELEMENT This invention concemsa device for controlling the displacement of an element such, for example, as a valve member.
  • Valves are already known which are composed of a sealing element and a control device operated by a manual, electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic motor.
  • the instantaneous power which hasto be applied is of the order of hundreds or"thousandsof kilowatts for a valve with a passage section of some tens of square millimeters and pressures of the order of one I hundredbars.
  • valves Whenin addition these valves have to carryfluids at high temperature, their construction is still more dif-' ficult. i i i In order to overcome this disadvantage, it is necessary to break with theusual technique of an energy converting motor and to conceive a new deviceswithout being content with detail improvements which make it possible to increase the power and operating speed of known motors, particularly pneumatic power cylinders,
  • pyrotechnic valves which are-able to comply with the criterion of rapidity of opening, do not permit a plurality of successive operationsand consequently are of limited interest.
  • the device according to the invention has the airn-of obviating these disadvantages by making it possible, by liberating the potential energy of a gas under pressure, to effect definite and rapid opening, optionally followed by programmed reclosing of the valve.
  • a device for controlling the displacement of an element comprising a first piston having a portion mounted for sliding movement on and sealed to a rod by means of which the element may be displaced, the first piston being slidably mounted in a first cylindei and defining therewith an admission chamber whose volume changes on movement of the first piston and which is adapted to be selectively brought into and out of communication with a source .of fluid under pressure, the fluid in the admission chamber acting on a pressure surface of the first piston so as to urge the latter in a predetermined direction, means for urging the first piston in the opposite direction, an expansion chamber for the fluid under pressure, means establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamber when the volume of the latter exceeds a predetermined volume which is substantiallyless than its maximum volume, the minimum volume of the admission chamber being less than that of the said predetermined volume, stop means mounted on and secured to the skin rod, opposite faces of the stop means being respectively engagable by corresponding faces of the first piston to limit
  • the expansion chamber is preferably also defined by,
  • the means for establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamb'er may'comprise at least one aperture provided in the body of the first cylinder.
  • the means establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamber comprise ducting interconnecting said chambers,'the ducting being provided'with means for controlling flow therethrough.
  • the expansion chamber is preferably provided witha vent open to the atmosphere.
  • the first piston maybe adapted to bear against the wall of the first cylinder with the interposition therebetween of a seal which bounds a central portion of the first piston, the diameter of the said seal being less than that of the portion of the first piston which is sealed to the rod, the said central portion being spaced from the rod by a clearance which is adapted to be in permanent communication with the source of fluid under pressure, whereby the action of the pressure of said fluid on the first piston, before the admission chamber is brought into communication with the source of fluid under pressure, urges the first piston against the said seal which is interposed between said first piston and the first cylinder.
  • a second piston is connected to the rod the first cylinder, the arrangement being such that the cylinder.
  • the valve member may be directly fastened to the a rod, the first piston being mounted on the rod with.
  • the first andsecond cylinders are preferably disposed away from the valve body.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section of a device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a broken away axial section of a modification of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 thereis shown a valve having a valve member movable by a control device.
  • the control device may be employed to move elements other than a valve member.
  • the valve has a hot portion comprising a channel 1, a valve member fastened to one end of an axially displaceable cylindrical rod 3, and a discharge nozzle 4, This hot portion or valve body is fixed to a reservoir 5 containing a hot gas under pressure which has to be discharged.
  • the control device is separated from the said hot portion by a wall 7, on which there is mounted a bearing 6 through which the rod 3 passes.
  • the control device comprises a body 8 inside which there are disposed a first cylinder 9 and a second cylinder 10.
  • the piston 11 is slidably mounted in the cylinder 9 and sealed therein by means of a sealing ring 14.
  • the stop 12 has opposite faces or shoulders 12a and 12b engagable with-corresponding facesof the piston 11 to limit relative movement therebetween in each of the opposite axial directions, a spring 15 being interposed between the stop 12 and the piston 11 to urge the latter to move in a valve closing direction.
  • the piston 11 is connected to the rod 3 at one of its ends 11a by a sealing ring 16, and at the other end 11b with radial clearance, this construction permitting a slight variation in the radial position of the rod 3 without the latter bearing against the walls ofthe cylinder 9.
  • the piston 11 and cylinder 9 respectively define both an admission chamber 17 and an expansion chamber 18 which re disposed on opposite sides of the piston 11, the expansion chamber 18 being nearer the valve member :2 than is the admission chamber.
  • the initial volume of the admission chamber 17 is very small, this chamber being practically constituted by a sheet of fluid contained in the space existing between the piston 11 and the body 8, the piston 11 being sealed to the body 8 by means of a seal 19.
  • the chamber 17 is in communication with the atmosphere through a discharge vent.
  • the diameter of the seal 19 is smaller than that of the sealing ring 16.
  • a second piston 21 is fastened to the end of the rod 3 opposite to the valve member 2, the piston 21 being slidably mounted in the cylinder 10.
  • a chamber 22 constituting a reservoir for fluid under pressure and connected for this purpose to a source of fluid under pressure by means of a connection 23.
  • the chambers 17 and 22 are separated by a partition having an aperture through which the rod 3 passes with clearance 25 and without sealing.
  • a spring 24 reacts between the body 8 and the piston 21 to return the valve member 2 into the closed position in the absence, particularly, of fluid under pressure in the chamber 22.
  • the pressure surface of the piston 21 open to the pressure in the chamber 22 is smaller than that of the piston 11 which is open to the pressure in the admission chamber 17.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates thisarrangement.
  • the piston 11 effectively bears against the seal 19, as in FIG, 1, the chambers 17 and 22 are interconnected by a duct 26 the flow through which is controlled by an electrically-operated valve 27.
  • the cylinder 9 in its portion closer to the valve member 2, the cylinder 9 has a widened section 9a constituting an aperture,- so that when the piston 11 comes opposite said section 90 it brings the admission chamber 17 and the expansion chamber 18 into communication.
  • a duct 28 interconnects the admission chamber 17 and the expansion chamber 18 whenever the piston'll passes opposite and beyond the end 28a of the duct '28.
  • This arrangement is another possible way of providing an aperture. It will however be noted that in'the example of FIG. 2 an electrically-operated valve 29 has been provided to controlled flow through the duct 28.
  • valve member and valve seat should have conical bearing surfaces.
  • control device it is also possible to operate any type of valve known at the present time, and in addition even a device which is not a valve.
  • the piston 21 may be disposed otherwise than as shown, while the various chambers as well as the connection of the valve member 2 to the control device, or the relative arrangement of the stop 12 and the piston 11, may be difierent from what has been illustrated as an example.
  • valve which has just been described is very simple. It is characterized essentially by high performance, rapidity of opening of the valve member 2 in particular, but also by good tolerance of unfavorable working conditions, including contact with the hot gases contained in the reservoir 5.
  • the chamber 22 having been filled with a fluid under pressure by any known means, the valve member 2 is opened as explained below in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the opening of the valve 27 is effected, thereby bringing into communication the chamber 22 and the very small initial volume of the admission chamber 17.
  • the small volume of the admission chamber 17 permits rapid movement of the piston 11, which moves away from the seal 19 and consequently permits communication between the chambers 17 and 22 through the wide passage constituted by the clearance 25.
  • the speed of the piston 11 increases, and pistonv 11 then strikes against the shoulder 12b of the stop 12.
  • the force of pressure applied 'to the piston 11, which is higher than the total of the forces acting on the valve member 2 and the piston 21, and the energy released by the impact against the shoulder 12b, permits an abrupt opening movement of the rod 3 and rapid opening of the valve member 2.
  • the fluid contained in the chamber 17 is discharged to the atmosphere through the vent 20.
  • a small orifice (not shown) which is pierced through the piston 11, and which serves no role in dynamic operation, then brings the chamber 18 and the chamber 17 into communication and also permits the emptying of the chamber 18.
  • opening times which may vary from ten milliseconds to several hours by changing the section of the ducts or apertures and the vent 20.
  • valve it is possible to control the operation of the valve by a slight injection of fluid under pressure into the chamber 17.
  • the control of the injection may for example be effected by an exce ss pressure flap, the electrically-operated valve 27, a mechanically operated valve, or by other means.
  • Bringing the chamber 17 into communication with a variable pressure reservoir makes it possible to open the valve member 2 when a determined pressure threshold is reached.
  • the reservoir 5 and the chamber 17 may be brought into communication by means of a nonreturn valve, and the valve member 2 may be converted into that of an excess pressure valve with remarkable performance from the point of view of response time and open section.
  • valve utilizes the energy of the fluid under pressure which is contained in the chamber 22, said fluid expanding so that after the opening of the valve member 2 it occupies the chambers 17, 22 and 18. Consequently, the operation of the valve does not depend on an external source supplying a considerable instantaneous power and only its re-activation requires the application of pressure to the chamber 22 again, and this may be effected as slowly and gradually as desired. The same is true with regard to the discharge of the residual fluid through the vent after the opening of the valve member 2.
  • the difference in the diameters of the seal 19 and the sealing ring 16 is such that initially, before the admission chamber 17 is brought into communication with the chamber 22, the effect of the pressure of the fluid,
  • a valve of the type which has just been described may in particular be employed as a remotely controlled safety valve and in pressure wave generators.
  • the device controlling this valve may in a general way be used for any mechanical control when it is desired to have a rapid displacement which requires very high instantaneous power, optionally followed by rapid return to the starting position.
  • control device is disposed away from the valve body constituting the hot part, leads to remarkable durability of said control device, which can operate under good environmental conditions.
  • a device for controlling the displacement of an element comprising a rod by means of which the element may be displaced, a first piston having a portion mounted for sliding movement on and sealed to the rod, a first cylinder within which the first piston is slidably mounted and which defines therewith an admission chamber whose volume changes on movement of the first piston,.the admission chamber being adapted to be selectively brought into and out of communication with a source of fluid under pressure, the fluid in the admission chamber acting on a pressure surface of the first piston so as to urge the latter in a predetermined direction, means for urging the first piston in the opposite direction, an expansion chamber for the fluid under pressure, means establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamber when the volume of the latter exceeds a predetermined volume which is substantially less than its maximum volume, the minimum volume of the admission chamber being less than that of the said predetermined volume, stop means mounted on and secured to the rod,.opposite faces of the stop means being respectively engageable by corresponding faces of the first piston to limit relative movement therebetween in the said predetermined and opposite
  • a device in which the expansion chamber is also defined by the first piston and the first cylinder, the expansion chamber and admission chambersbeing disposed on opposite sides of the first piston.
  • a device in which the means establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamber comprise at least one aperture provided in the body of the first cylinder.
  • a device in which the means establishing communication between the expansion chamber and the admission chamber comprise ducting interconnecting said chambers, the ducting being provided with means for controlling flow therethrough.
  • a device in which the expansion chamber is provided with a. vent open to the atmosphere.
  • a device in which the first piston is adapted to bear against the wall of the first cylinder with the interposition therebetween of a seal which bounds a central portion of the first piston, the diameter of the said seal being less than that of the portion of the first piston which is sealed to the rod, the said central portion being spaced from the rod by a clearance which is adapted to be in permanent communication with the source of fluid under pressure, whereby the action of the pressure of said fluid on the first piston, before the admission chamber is brought into communication with the source of fluid under pressure, urges the first piston against the said seal which is interposed between said first piston and the first cylinder.
  • a device in which a second piston is connected to the rod and is slidably mounted in a second cylinder, the second cylinder being adapted to communicate with the source of fluid under pressure and being fastened to the first cylinder, the fluid under pressure initially acting on a pressure surface of the second piston, so as to urge the latter in the said opposite direction, the pressure surface of the second piston being smaller than that of the first piston.
  • a device as claimed in claim 7 in which the said element is a valve member which is connected to the rod, the valve member being movable in relation to a valve body which is secured to the first cylinder.
  • valve member is directly fastened to the rod, the first piston being mounted on the rod with sealingly compensated radial play.
  • a device in which the first and second cylinders are disposed away from the valve body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
US154135A 1970-06-18 1971-06-17 Device for controlling displacement of an element Expired - Lifetime US3704855A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7022521A FR2094366A5 (enExample) 1970-06-18 1970-06-18

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US3704855A true US3704855A (en) 1972-12-05

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US154135A Expired - Lifetime US3704855A (en) 1970-06-18 1971-06-17 Device for controlling displacement of an element

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US (1) US3704855A (enExample)
CA (1) CA933835A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2129905A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2094366A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1314637A (enExample)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882760A (en) * 1973-08-24 1975-05-13 Roger D Pass Valve actuators
US4712202A (en) * 1984-02-13 1987-12-08 Bolt Technolgy Corporation Method and apparatus for converting an air gun into a hydro gun for marine seismic impulse generation
US6199822B1 (en) 1996-11-22 2001-03-13 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Fluid-operated actuator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3210790A1 (de) * 1982-03-24 1983-10-06 Bauer Kompressoren Druckmittelbetaetigtes steuerbares absperrventil

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1514995A (en) * 1923-03-31 1924-11-11 Silvene Antony Automatic air brake
US2787126A (en) * 1952-12-29 1957-04-02 Gen Electric Hydraulically operated valves
US2807081A (en) * 1954-08-02 1957-09-24 Cloyd H Black Bearing bushing presses
US3150562A (en) * 1958-06-05 1964-09-29 Owens Illinois Glass Co Apparatus for transfer of glassware

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1514995A (en) * 1923-03-31 1924-11-11 Silvene Antony Automatic air brake
US2787126A (en) * 1952-12-29 1957-04-02 Gen Electric Hydraulically operated valves
US2807081A (en) * 1954-08-02 1957-09-24 Cloyd H Black Bearing bushing presses
US3150562A (en) * 1958-06-05 1964-09-29 Owens Illinois Glass Co Apparatus for transfer of glassware

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882760A (en) * 1973-08-24 1975-05-13 Roger D Pass Valve actuators
US4712202A (en) * 1984-02-13 1987-12-08 Bolt Technolgy Corporation Method and apparatus for converting an air gun into a hydro gun for marine seismic impulse generation
US6199822B1 (en) 1996-11-22 2001-03-13 Volvo Lastvagnar Ab Fluid-operated actuator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2129905A1 (de) 1971-12-23
CA933835A (en) 1973-09-18
FR2094366A5 (enExample) 1972-02-04
GB1314637A (en) 1973-04-26

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