US3703976A - High pressure storage vessel - Google Patents

High pressure storage vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703976A
US3703976A US84771A US3703976DA US3703976A US 3703976 A US3703976 A US 3703976A US 84771 A US84771 A US 84771A US 3703976D A US3703976D A US 3703976DA US 3703976 A US3703976 A US 3703976A
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United States
Prior art keywords
high pressure
storage vessel
pressure gas
gas storage
vessel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US84771A
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William L Hughes
Hansel J Allison
Ramachandra G Ramakumar
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Oklahoma State University
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Oklahoma State University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of manufacture of a high pressure gas storage vessel having a body of parti [22] Filed: Oct. 28, 1970 cles in the form of a porous solid mass, a conduit having one end within the porous solid body, 25/00 y pr vi ing means .220/3, 88 R, 63 A [21] Appl. No.: 84,771
  • This invention provides a means for constructing a high pressure gas storage vessel which overcomes some of the problems with the existing type vessel. Particularly, this invention provides a high pressure gas storage vessel which has a safety factor much greater than existing type high pressure gas storage vessels.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a method of constructing a high pressure gas storage vessel formed of a body of particles fused into a porous solid mass in which the high pressure gas is stored in the pores.
  • the vessel appearing in external view of FIG. 1, includes a body having a conduit 12 extending therefrom. Gas is conducted into and away from the vessel body 10 by conduit 12.
  • the vessel body is formed of particles 14 which are formed into a porous solid mass.
  • the solid particles 14 are shown to be spherical although this configuration is not essential to the invention.
  • the particles 14 may be shot, crystals, or the like formed of metal or plastic.
  • Particles 14 are formed into a solid mass such as by sintering or crystalization into a porous structure.
  • Received within the fused solid mass of particles 14 is one end of tubing 12.
  • the tubing is preferably
  • the covering 18 is a homogenous material, such as plastic or metal, which extends inwardly into the interstices between the particles 14 to a selected depth of penetration of the total exterior surface of the vessel.
  • the high pressure gas storage vessel is manufactured by the following steps:
  • a mass of particles 14 is molded about one end of conduit or tubing 12 into the desired configuration and size of the vessel desired. Such molding may preferably be done in a crucible or other heat resistant container having an interior shape of the desired external configuration of the vessel. 7
  • the molded mass of particles is sintered at a temperature and under conditions such that the particles fuse at their contact points into a monolithic porous structure.
  • Sintering temperatures, durations, and conditions depend primarily .upon the material utilized. For instance, if the vessel is formed'of lead powder or lead shots the sintering temperature and duration will be that just sufficient to bring the lead powder or shots to a temperature wherein the powder elements or shots fuse to each other without totally melting. If steel powder, pellets or shot is utilized, rather than lead, then obviously higher temperatures will be required. If plastic material is utilized, a lower temperature will be required.
  • the sintering may take place in an inert environment if desired. To insure that the gas surrounding the individual particles is the desired inert gas the mold bearing the mass of particles may be subjected to evacuation prior to introduction of the desired inert gas so that all interstices are filled with the inert gas during the sintering process.
  • the fusing step may include soaking the mass of particles at a temperature a few degrees below sintering temperature for a relatively long period so that the whole mass bonds into a single porous crystalline structure.
  • the covering 18 is applied.
  • the covering may be of a variety of materials, an example being uncured epoxy.
  • the epoxy preferably is forced to penetrate into the porous structure for a given depth of penetration surrounding the entire mass. This may be accomplished by subjecting the fused porous mass to a pressurized bath of such uncured epoxy wherein the uncured epoxy is forced into the porous structure for a given depth.
  • Another means of forcing the covering material 18 to penetrate the exterior of the porous structure includes subjecting tubing 12 to a vacuum to pull the covering material into the porous structure. The combinationof exterior pressure with vacuum applied to the tubing 12 may also be used. Liquid metal may be utilized in the same way to form covering 18.
  • the covering 18 is then permitted to solidify. Where the covering is uncured epoxy the final step is the curing of the epoxy to form a solid impervious covering.
  • the method of manufacturing the high pressure gas storage vessel and the vessel so manufactured described herein fulfills the objectives above set forth. It can be seen that many alternate embodiments of the invention may be employed.
  • the shape of the vessel so manufactured may vary considerably. if the high pressure gas is utilized in conjunction with a vehicle or other type of machinery the vessel may take the form of a part of the structure of such machinery or vehicle, thus serving a dual function.
  • a high pressure gas storage vessel comprising:
  • conduit having one end received within said porous solid body, the conduit extending from the body and providing means of conducting gas to and from said body;
  • a high pressure gas storage vessel according to claim 14 in-which said body is of sintered discrete parti-

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A method of manufacture of a high pressure gas storage vessel having a body of particles in the form of a porous solid mass, a conduit having one end within the porous solid body, the conduit extending from the body providing means of conducting gas to and from the body, and an impervious covering encapsulating the body.

Description

[ Nov. 28, 1972 United States Patent Hughes et a].
[54] HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE VESSEL 3,396,923 8/1968 W'mdecker...............220/88 R 3,567,536 3/1971 Wickersham, Jr. ......220/88 R [72] Inventors: William L. Hughes; Hamel J. AI-
z MW Primary ExaminerRichard A. Schacher 0 wa Assistant Examiner-John J. Love [73] Assignee: Oklahoma State University, Still- Att0rneyHead&Johnson water, Okla.
[57] ABSTRACT A method of manufacture of a high pressure gas storage vessel having a body of parti [22] Filed: Oct. 28, 1970 cles in the form of a porous solid mass, a conduit having one end within the porous solid body, 25/00 y pr vi ing means .220/3, 88 R, 63 A [21] Appl. No.: 84,771
[52] US. Cl. 220/3, 220/88 R the conduit extending from the [51] Int. Cl. of conducting gas to and from [58] Field of the body, and an impervious covering encapsulating the body.
5Clains,2Drawingfigures References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,080,263 Coleman..................220/88 R PATENTEDnnvzs m2 3, 703 976 //VVE/V7'0R$ WILLIAM L. HUGHES HANSEL J. ALLISON RAMACHANDRA GRAMAKUMAR ATTORNEYS HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE VFSSEL High pressure gas is typically stored in metal containers, usually in the shape of cylinders or spheres. The stress in the wall of a vessel increases as a ratio of the volume. Thus a vessel designed to store a large volume of gas at high pressures must have thick walls. A major problem with storage of large volumes of gases at high pressures is the danger involved. When a large volume vessel ruptures not only is there danger from the physical effect of such rupture but, in addition, if the gas contained is toxic or explosive other serious hazards exist.
This invention provides a means for constructing a high pressure gas storage vessel which overcomes some of the problems with the existing type vessel. Particularly, this invention provides a high pressure gas storage vessel which has a safety factor much greater than existing type high pressure gas storage vessels.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved high pressure gas storage vessel and a method of constructing such vessel.
More particularly, an object of this invention is to provide a method of constructing a high pressure gas storage vessel formed of a body of particles fused into a porous solid mass in which the high pressure gas is stored in the pores.
These general objects as well as other objects of the invention will be fulfilled by the method of manufacturing a high pressure storage vessel and the high pressure storage apparatus set forth in the following description and claims, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF VIEWS DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings, a high pressure vessel manufactured according to the-invention is shown. The vessel, appearing in external view of FIG. 1, includes a body having a conduit 12 extending therefrom. Gas is conducted into and away from the vessel body 10 by conduit 12.
Referring to FIG. 2 the construction of the vessel is best shown. The vessel body is formed of particles 14 which are formed into a porous solid mass. The solid particles 14 are shown to be spherical although this configuration is not essential to the invention. The particles 14 may be shot, crystals, or the like formed of metal or plastic. Particles 14 are formed into a solid mass such as by sintering or crystalization into a porous structure. Received within the fused solid mass of particles 14 is one end of tubing 12. The tubing is preferably The covering 18 is a homogenous material, such as plastic or metal, which extends inwardly into the interstices between the particles 14 to a selected depth of penetration of the total exterior surface of the vessel.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING 7 The high pressure gas storage vessel is manufactured by the following steps:
1. A mass of particles 14 is molded about one end of conduit or tubing 12 into the desired configuration and size of the vessel desired. Such molding may preferably be done in a crucible or other heat resistant container having an interior shape of the desired external configuration of the vessel. 7
2. The molded mass of particles is sintered at a temperature and under conditions such that the particles fuse at their contact points into a monolithic porous structure. Sintering temperatures, durations, and conditions depend primarily .upon the material utilized. For instance, if the vessel is formed'of lead powder or lead shots the sintering temperature and duration will be that just sufficient to bring the lead powder or shots to a temperature wherein the powder elements or shots fuse to each other without totally melting. If steel powder, pellets or shot is utilized, rather than lead, then obviously higher temperatures will be required. If plastic material is utilized, a lower temperature will be required. The sintering may take place in an inert environment if desired. To insure that the gas surrounding the individual particles is the desired inert gas the mold bearing the mass of particles may be subjected to evacuation prior to introduction of the desired inert gas so that all interstices are filled with the inert gas during the sintering process.
When the particles are crystalline the fusing step may include soaking the mass of particles at a temperature a few degrees below sintering temperature for a relatively long period so that the whole mass bonds into a single porous crystalline structure. I
3. After the sintering process during which the molded mass of particles is fused into a homogenous porous structure, the covering 18 is applied. The covering may be of a variety of materials, an example being uncured epoxy. The epoxy preferably is forced to penetrate into the porous structure for a given depth of penetration surrounding the entire mass. This may be accomplished by subjecting the fused porous mass to a pressurized bath of such uncured epoxy wherein the uncured epoxy is forced into the porous structure for a given depth. Another means of forcing the covering material 18 to penetrate the exterior of the porous structure includes subjecting tubing 12 to a vacuum to pull the covering material into the porous structure. The combinationof exterior pressure with vacuum applied to the tubing 12 may also be used. Liquid metal may be utilized in the same way to form covering 18.
4. The covering 18 is then permitted to solidify. Where the covering is uncured epoxy the final step is the curing of the epoxy to form a solid impervious covering.
The method of manufacturing the high pressure gas storage vessel and the vessel so manufactured described herein fulfills the objectives above set forth. It can be seen that many alternate embodiments of the invention may be employed. The shape of the vessel so manufactured may vary considerably. if the high pressure gas is utilized in conjunction with a vehicle or other type of machinery the vessel may take the form of a part of the structure of such machinery or vehicle, thus serving a dual function.
-While the invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity it is manifest that many other changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment or the specific steps which have been described for purposes of exemplifying the invention but the invention is to be limited only by the scope of the attached claim or claims, including the full range of equivalency to which each element or step thereof is entitled.
What is claimed is:
1. A high pressure gas storage vessel comprising:
a solid porous body of sintered particles;
a conduit having one end received within said porous solid body, the conduit extending from the body and providing means of conducting gas to and from said body; and
a an impervious covering encapsulating and penetrating said porous body to a selected depth.
2. A high pressure gas storage vessel according to claim 14 in-which said body is of sintered discrete parti-

Claims (5)

1. A high pressure gas storage vessel comprising: a solid porous body of sintered particles; a conduit having one end received within said porous solid body, the conduit extending from the body and providing means of conducting gas to and from said body; and an impervious covering encapsulating and penetrating said porous body to a selected depth.
2. A high pressure gas storage vessel according to claim 14 in which said body is of sintered discrete particles.
3. A high pressure gas storage vessel according to claim 1 in which said body is of fused crystals, the body thereby being of porous crystalline structure.
4. A high pressure gas storage vessel according to claim 1 in which said impervious covering is epoxy.
5. A high pressure gas storage vessel according to claim 1 in which said impervious covering is metal.
US84771A 1970-10-28 1970-10-28 High pressure storage vessel Expired - Lifetime US3703976A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773168A (en) * 1971-03-08 1973-11-20 Linde Ag Pressurized-gas vessel and method of making same
US3822807A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-07-09 Secr Defence Closeable containers having means for suppressing fire and/or explosions
US3908755A (en) * 1973-08-08 1975-09-30 New Hudson Corp Safety system for pressurized vessels
US4211537A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-07-08 Teitel Robert J Hydrogen supply method
US4302217A (en) * 1978-07-24 1981-11-24 Teitel Robert J Hydrogen supply system
US5285916A (en) * 1993-02-19 1994-02-15 Ross Donald B Pressure vessel
US20070295617A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Angstrom Power Inc. Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US20080233460A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Joerg Zimmermann Composite fluid storage unit with internal fluid distribution feature
US20100078122A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-01 Angstrom Power Incorporated Methods of manufacturing fluid storage components
US20110000798A1 (en) * 2008-03-03 2011-01-06 Fredy Ornath hydrogen storage tank
US8372184B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2013-02-12 Societe Bic Composite hydrogen storage material and methods related thereto
US20140326737A1 (en) * 2012-01-16 2014-11-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Storage Container for Cryogenic Compressed Gas Having an Inlet
US10288221B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2019-05-14 Bimby Power Company, Llc. Big mass battery including manufactured pressure vessel for energy storage

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1080263A (en) * 1907-07-12 1913-12-02 Conrad Hubert Storage-reservoir for explosive fluids.
US3396923A (en) * 1966-11-21 1968-08-13 Dow Chemical Co Structure and method for the fabrication thereof
US3567536A (en) * 1968-02-07 1971-03-02 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Container and method of preparation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1080263A (en) * 1907-07-12 1913-12-02 Conrad Hubert Storage-reservoir for explosive fluids.
US3396923A (en) * 1966-11-21 1968-08-13 Dow Chemical Co Structure and method for the fabrication thereof
US3567536A (en) * 1968-02-07 1971-03-02 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Container and method of preparation

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773168A (en) * 1971-03-08 1973-11-20 Linde Ag Pressurized-gas vessel and method of making same
US3822807A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-07-09 Secr Defence Closeable containers having means for suppressing fire and/or explosions
US3908755A (en) * 1973-08-08 1975-09-30 New Hudson Corp Safety system for pressurized vessels
US4211537A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-07-08 Teitel Robert J Hydrogen supply method
US4302217A (en) * 1978-07-24 1981-11-24 Teitel Robert J Hydrogen supply system
US5285916A (en) * 1993-02-19 1994-02-15 Ross Donald B Pressure vessel
US8734576B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2014-05-27 Societe Bic Composite hydrogen storage material and methods related thereto
US8372184B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2013-02-12 Societe Bic Composite hydrogen storage material and methods related thereto
EP2038947A4 (en) * 2006-06-23 2011-01-05 Angstrom Power Inc Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US8651269B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2014-02-18 Societe Bic Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US20090255831A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2009-10-15 Angstrom Power Incorporated Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US20070295617A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Angstrom Power Inc. Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
EP2038947A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2009-03-25 Angstrom Power Inc. Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US7563305B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2009-07-21 Angstrom Power Incorporated Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US8132667B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2012-03-13 SOCIéTé BIC Fluid enclosure and methods related thereto
US8372561B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2013-02-12 Societe Bic Composite fluid storage unit with internal fluid distribution feature
US20080233460A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Joerg Zimmermann Composite fluid storage unit with internal fluid distribution feature
US8628609B2 (en) * 2008-03-03 2014-01-14 Fredy Ornath Hydrogen storage tank
US20110000798A1 (en) * 2008-03-03 2011-01-06 Fredy Ornath hydrogen storage tank
US20100078122A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-01 Angstrom Power Incorporated Methods of manufacturing fluid storage components
US20140326737A1 (en) * 2012-01-16 2014-11-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Storage Container for Cryogenic Compressed Gas Having an Inlet
US9494282B2 (en) * 2012-01-16 2016-11-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Storage container for cryogenic compressed gas having an inlet
US10288221B2 (en) 2015-03-24 2019-05-14 Bimby Power Company, Llc. Big mass battery including manufactured pressure vessel for energy storage
US10823331B1 (en) 2015-03-24 2020-11-03 Bimby Power Company, Llc. Big mass battery including manufactured pressure vessel for energy storage

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