US3703675A - Floating battery charging network - Google Patents

Floating battery charging network Download PDF

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US3703675A
US3703675A US3703675DA US3703675A US 3703675 A US3703675 A US 3703675A US 3703675D A US3703675D A US 3703675DA US 3703675 A US3703675 A US 3703675A
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signal
current
charging
contactor
gate
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Andre A L Alric
Gilbert R A Porte
Joseph M H Glotin
Francis J Higounenq
Serge P Boussin
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S320/00—Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging
    • Y10S320/14—Battery acts as buffer

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Method and apparatus for charging storage batteries and discharging same into a network through a contactor controlled by comparing network voltage with a reference voltage and battery off-load voltage with a reference voltage and a clock to cut off charging after a predetermined time'to limit battery charge to 95% of its rated capacity.
  • ATTORNEY FLOATING BATTERY CHARGING NETWORK the case of cadmium-nickel alkaline batteries, is a product which is very sensitive to charging conditions and to the overloading which such batteries usually have to withstand.
  • One way of optimizing the electrical properties of a storage battery is to use thin plates having a very large surface area and placed very close together, needing the use of very thin separators which touch the plates they separate, so that a reduced quantity of electrolyte is trapped between the plates and is virtually in the actual separators if the same are spongy. Since it is difficult for liquid to penetrate between the plates, topping up the electrolyte may be very difficult. Battery electrolyte reserve is therefore very reduced, in particular in the case of cadmium-nickel alkaline batte ries; also, the quantity of electrolyte in such batteries depends upon the state of battery charge.
  • Constant-current and constant-voltage battery charging is known.
  • a suggestion with constant-current charging has been for the optimum charging current conditions determined by the battery maker to be imitated in the form of consecutive charging steps or stages.
  • the end of each stage, forinstance, stage three can be determined by the battery voltage with a correction for battery temperature.
  • the final stage is maintained for the whole time that the network is energized, with the result, of course, that the charged battery is permanently overcharged.
  • This procedure is a useless complication of the charging operation, for current level is of virtually no importance at the beginning of charging, but this king of charging, with its systematic dissociation of electrolyte at the end of charging, is particularly harmful to battery life.
  • Another suggestion aimed at achieving full charging is to couple electrochemically similar but low-capacity cells in parallel with the battery being charged and to control. the charge by measuring the difference between the voltages of the two kinds of cell.
  • Another suggestion is to use as an end-of-charge yardstick the quantity of electrolyte or the pressure of the dissociated electrolyte gases.
  • the obvious disadvantage of such suggestions is to use the actual dissociation of electrolyte as a reference to that electrolyte dissociation cannot be inhibited.
  • the starting point of this invention is to greatly reduce electrolyte dissociation yet provide rapid battery recharging and keep the battery in a satisfactory state of charge to enable normal use of the battery and to give very long intervals between topping-up operations.
  • the invention is based on the following observation which is confirmed by a statistical study of batteries. There is a correlation between, on the one hand, the state of charge of a battery and the risks of electrolyte dissociation and, on the other hand, the current and charging time.
  • the two main parameters in the method and system according to the invention and providing the basis for controlling charging are the level of the charging current and the charging time; clearly, the risk of electrolyte dissociation increases in proportion as the charging current is heavier and the charging time is longer.”
  • the invention provides a method of using a storage battery in a dc. network comprising a charging-current source which normally covers the network current requirements and which can also charge the battery, wherein the battery is cut into the network by a contac-v tor whose closure is dependent at least upon a predetermined network voltage drop and upon a drop of the battery off-load voltage and, in the event of the latter kind of closure, upon a clock which interrupts the 3 charging current after a predetermined period of time so as to limit the charging energy to ensure that the battery charge never exceeds 95 percent of its rated capacity.
  • the initial charging period is very short, for'instance, a few minutes; the charging current is measured at least at the end of this first charging time or period and, depending upon the charging current, the first charging period is prolonged, if the current is fairly low, until the charging current has dropped to a predetermined lower level, or if the charging current is relatively heavy, a further predetermined charging time is given, the choice possibly being repeated at the end of the fresh charging period in dependence upon the then measured charging current.
  • the charging current is low after a first charging time, in which some energy has been supplied .to the battery, either the battery has already reached an adequate state of charge or the state of the battery electrolyte, for instance, its quantity or temperature, limits the quantity of electricity which the battery might still be able to absorb. If, however, the current is high at the end of the first charging period, the'battery is very run down and the electrolyte is highly conductive, so that the battery can absorb further-energy without being overcharged.
  • a common current reference level can be chosen at the end of each charging time to decide the form of charging time extension, the charge stop levels which are by hypothesis below the threshold being higher in proportion as charging is more prolonged, so as to preclude any risk of overcharing, for the battery heats up more and its resistance decreases in proportion as charging lasts longer.
  • the charging procedure is initiated-whenever the contactor has closed either as a result of a network voltage drop or for any other reason i.e., whenever the network has or may have consumed battery energy.
  • the charging process is systematically stopped when it has beengoing on long enough, forinstance 1 hour.
  • the contactor can be systematically closed whenever any vehicle safety facility is connected to the network, for instance, when the automatic pilot of an aircraft is connected into circuit for landing.
  • a contactor-closing signal is taken from the output of at least one OR-gate receiving a first signal from a first comparator circuit for comparing the network voltage with a reference voltage, the OR-gate receiving a second signal from a second comparator circuit comparing the battery off-load voltage with a reference voltage, the contactor-opening signal being subordinated to an electronic clock started by a detector of current flow from the network to the battery i.e., at the start of battery charging.
  • the electronic clock starts a comparator circuit for comparing the charging current with a reference current threshold, the comparator circuit comprising two branches, one of which is operative if the charging current is below thethreshold and initiates, upon the current dropping below a predetermined threshold, a signal opening the contactor, the other branch being operative if the load current is above the reference current and maintaining the charging current for a second charging period determined by the electronic clock.
  • the second branch of the circuit arrangement can in turn be similarly subdivided into two branches and so on, so that a further charge can be given the batteryif the charging current remains high despite an input of charging energy.
  • the various branches are always so devised as to output a contactor-opening signal when the current drops to an appropriate lower level.
  • a A reference value based on current level is usually a difficult parameter on which to base automatic control, more particularly in the case of an installation comprising a storage battery system where such current may be 1,000 amperes; the energy involved is such that it is impossible t'oconvert the current into voltage by means of a resistance.
  • current data are sampled at the output of a Hall-effect detector energized by a constant current and by the field of a winding connected to one terminal of the battery.
  • a hall-effect detector is embodied by a' thin rectangular semiconductor wafer, and the field of the winding flowed through by the current to be measured acts perpendicularly to the wafer; the same has 'on two opposite sides two electrodes for the supply of a constant current, and on the other two sides of the wafer are output electrodes providing a voltage proportional to the current.
  • the contactor is electromagnetic and not electronic (thyrotron, thyristor).
  • the contactor coil energizing circuit therefore comprises, to control the contactor, the'normally closed contact of a relay receiving the opening signal in series with the normally open contact of a second relay receiving the contactor-closing signal. Should there be an urgent requirement to close the contactor, the normally open contact of a third relay receiving the urgent closure signal is connected in parallel with the first two serially arranged contacts.
  • the various signals are supplied by threshold logic elements, hereinafter called bistables, using comparators.
  • the signals supplied by the various bistables are combined by other logic systems; advantageously, the same have at their output a store for storing the transmitted signal until an erase signal appears.
  • the store circuit arrangements are preferably an OR- gate and an AND-gate, the OR-gate receiving as well as the initial signal the AND-gate output signal, the AND- gate receiving at its input the OR-gate output signal and the inversion of a signal for cancelling the OR-gate output signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a l-lall-efiect detector
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the current levels at which various signals used in the logic circuit arrangement are transmitted;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram similar to FIG. 2 showing the times at which the various clock signals are transmitted;
  • FIG. 4 is a block schematic diagram of the load circuit arrangement of abattery
  • FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of the contactor adapted to connect the battery to the dc. distribution network, and a I I FIG. 6 is a schematic view of one of the bistable. circuit arrangements. 1
  • the detector shown in FIG. 1 mainly comprises a thin rectangular semiconductor wafer 1 having four electrodes on its sides two electrodes E, E, and two measuring electrodes 8,, 8,.
  • a current i When such a wafer is energized by a current i and placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to the wafer majorsurfaceand produced by a winding 2 flowed through by a current I, a voltage known as the Hall voltage, V is produced between the output electrodes S and S, and is proportional to the vectorial product of the actuating current and the magnetic field i.e.: 1
  • V KJT:.
  • K is a coefficient for the detector.
  • the battery off-load voltage is checked when charging is interrupted, and charging resumes when the latter voltage falls short of the rated voltage by a desired amount, for instance, 2 volts;
  • the network voltage is checked when the battery is disconnected from the network, and the battery is reconnected thereto upon the occurrence of a heavy current drain causing a voltage drop of e.g. 2 volts for more than a few hundreds of milliseconds;
  • a warning is triggered if the charging current continues to rise for more than 2 minutes during any charging sequence.
  • a charging current of 5 amperes corresponds to a state of charge denoting that the battery is charged to form to percent of its rated capacity in normal temperature conditions; if charging is interrupted at a higher current (condition (d)), the state of charge is similar but the higher current at which'charging is interrupted is due to the initial state and temperature of the battery.
  • the circuit arrangement shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4 and 5 embodies all the conditions just stated for the use of any storage battery, more particularly, with the numerical values given, a battery rated at 27 volts and used on a 29-volt system. It will be assumed hereinafter that in the battery-to-network connection symbolized by bushbars 49 i.e., viathe winding 2 the current is positive (I 0) when energy is being supplied to the battery, and negative (I 0) when the battery is delivering to the network.
  • the circuit arrangement of FIG. 4 comprises: 1.
  • a first unit or assembly or the like comprising means for measuring charging and discharging currents, battery off-load voltage, charging time and network current demands, and means for preparing signals associated with the measurements, such signals forming a data input to the second assembly or unit or the like, viz. the logic unit.
  • the first unit also comprises the manual controls of the system.
  • A'unit or assembly or the like comprising electronic logic components which collate the data from the first unit and convert such data into opening and closing signals for the contactor controlling battery connection to the network.
  • FIG. 5 An electronic and electromechanical contactor unit or assembly or the like, shown in detail in FIG. 5, for opening and closing the battery-to-network connection circuit.
  • the first unit is to some extent integrated'with the second unit.
  • the first unit comprises the various elements now to be described. 7
  • the charging and discharging current is measured by a Hall detector 1 which is supplied with current between a terminal 39 (voltage V+) and earth and which experiences the magnetic field of the winding 2.
  • the detector 1 outputs values of the current I flowing through the winding 2, and so in known manner each bistable actuates one or more differential comparators in a linear integrated circuit. If a number of comparators are used they are connected in parallel and their outputs are connected to the input of an AND-gate. If information on the direction of variation of the current I is needed, a circuit comprising a differentiator unit followed by another comparator is connected in parallel to the others, the AND-gate then having an extra input.
  • bistable 5 (see FIG. 6) is adapted to operate when current is rising and also between two definite values. Accordingly, the signal from connection 52 goes via connections 52a and 52b to the top (positive) and bottom (negative) inputs of difierential comparators 65, 66 whose other inputs 65a 66a receive voltages representing the lower and upper current limit values respectively. The signal goes through connection 52c to a differentiator unit 67 (a resistancecapacitance circuit) whose output is connected to the positive input of a differential comparator 68, the negative input thereof being earthed. Since the outputs of the three comparators 65, 66, 68 are connected to the three inputs of an AND-gate 69, the latter outputs a signal only when the current level measured by the Hall detector is rising and between the two limits specified.
  • a differentiator unit 67 a resistancecapacitance circuit
  • the bistables 6, 8 require only a single comparator having one input earthed and having its output directly delivering a signal Q for bistable 6 and a signal B for bistable 8.
  • the bistables 7, 9, 11 each comprise two comparators and an AND-gate.
  • the thresholds correspond one to the current corresponding to the outputting of a signal plus 10 percent and the other to the current corresponding to the outputting of a signal less 10 percent.
  • the bistable 10 comprises two parallel arrangements having two outputs.
  • the first arrangement comprises a single comparator (I 20 amperes) and the second comprises two comparators and one AND-gate (I between and 20 amperes).
  • Other systems could of course be used instead of the ones described; more particularly, the bistables 6, 8 could be ordinary Schmitt triggers.
  • Bistable outputs a signal E when the value of I moves in the sense of an increase into the I3 ampere range.
  • the signal E determines the charging sequence starting time T',,.
  • This change of the current I between 1 and 3 amperes corresponds to the setting-up of the charging current.
  • This current value is preferred to be near zero to ensure that a fresh charging sequence definitely begins, for instance, after a period of time in which the battery has supplied current to the network and the current I, since it reversed, has been negative.
  • Bistable 6 outputs a signal 0 when I is negative i.e., when the battery is discharging.
  • Bistable 7 outputs a signal Y when I amperes.
  • Bistable 8 outputs a signal B when I is positive.
  • Bistable 9 outputs a signal C when I 20 amperes.
  • Bistable 10 outputs either a signal D for I 20 amperes or a signal D for I between 0 and 20 amperes.
  • Bistable l1 outputs a signal F when I 5 amperes.
  • the (R-C-type) differentiator unit 60 outputs a signal to a relay 61 when the charging current is increasing.
  • the relay 61 has a 2-minute closure delay; if the charging current continues to rise for more than 2 minutes, the contact of relay 61 operates a warning indicator 62.
  • the timer 40 transmits a signal J at the time T T, 5 minutes, a signal H in the period of time between T' and T with T T,, 15 minutes and a signal H for the period of time between T and T with T T,, 60 minutes, and a final signal x at the actual instant of time T FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing signal distribution plotted against the time T from the origin time T
  • the off-load battery voltage is measured by a threshold voltage detector .facility 36 which compares the off-load voltage'of battery 4 with a reference volt-' age V in the event, 25 volts and which actuates bistable 37 when the off-load battery voltage decreases to below the reference voltage, bistable 37 then outputting a signal M which goes to gate 29 of the logic unit.
  • the threshold detector 36 is operated upon receipt of the signal X.
  • a voltage threshold detector is also used to measure network current demands; when there is a network demand, the network voltage drops for a time.
  • a voltage threshold detector 33 compares the network voltage of 29 volts with a. reference voltage V, of 27 volts. If the network voltage is above 27 volts the detector 33 actu-' ates a bistable 35 which outputs a signal to the gate 28 of the logic unit. If the network voltage is below 27 volts, the detector 33 operates a bistable 34 which outputs a signal to gate 31.
  • Bistable 34 also comprises a 0.1 second delay circuit to prevent misresponses caused by transients in the network. I.
  • the first unit also comprises manual control and starting means which are basically a multipole selector 25 having three positions on, normal, off and the three positions are represented by three studs P P P P
  • the on" position P is an emergency position for use in the event of a failure of the system or if it is required to make the system inoperative but use the battery 4.
  • the contactor 3 is closed via the conductor 53 and the system shown in the diagram ceases to be energized.
  • switch 25 connects the power supply 26 of the system via a shunt 54 for the operating current of the battery 4.
  • a permanent signal K is also output to gates 28, 29, 12 of the logic unit, and whenever selector 25 is moved into the position P, from either of the other positions an auxiliary timer 27 is started and for 10 seconds outputs a signal L to gate 28.
  • the off position P the power supply 26 is cut out and in the absence of signal to the contactor 3 the same stays off. This position corresponds to total cessation of use of the battery, system and network.
  • the electronic logic unit mainly comprises AND- gates and OR-gates receiving the signals from the first unit, combining such signals and routing them to obtain the two required basic signals i.e., the contactorclosing signal Z and the contactor-opening signal X.
  • the closing circuit of contactor 3 mainly comprises AND-gates 28, 29 OR-gate 30 and a closing-signal store embodied by OR-gate 31 and AND-gate 32 and performs the various functions as follows: 7
  • AND-gate 28 receives a continuous signal from bistable 35, actuated by threshold detector 33 supervising network voltage. Consequently, AND-gate 28, which simultaneously receives three signals, transmits, for the '10 seconds duration of the signal L, a signal to OR-gate 30 which passes such signal on'to OR-gate 31. The same outputs the signal Z for closing contactor 3. The signal Z also cancels its inversion Zwhich, as will be seen hereinafter, was present at the input of AND-gate 24 to ensure storage of the contactor-opening signal X.
  • the signal Z is then stored through the agency of AND-gate 32, whEh sticks for as long as it does not receive the signal N produced by the open contactor 3. Conversely, the signal N produced by the contactor 3 at its closure cancels the output signal of gate 32 and the signal Z stored in the store formed by gates 31 and 32.
  • the bistable 37 transmits a signal M to AND gate 29, which is already receiving signals K and N (contactor 3 open).
  • AND-gate 29 transmits a signal to OR-gate 30 which passes the signal on to OR-gate which outputs the contactor-closing signal Z, the same being stored as previously.
  • bistable 34 directly transmits a signal to OR-gate 31 which outputs the contactor-closing signal Z which is stored as previously.
  • the contactor 3 receives via conductor 55 a closing signal from an automatic pilot 38 immediately the same is started.
  • the contactor system 3 comprises an auxiliary control circuit in parallel with the main circuit, the auxiliary circuitclosing upon receipt of a command from the automatic pilot and opening in the absence of such signal.
  • Charging and the control of contactor opening are supervised by circuits comprising AND-gates 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 24 and OR-gates 15,16, 22 and 23.
  • the bistable 5 After closure of contactor 3 by the signal Z from the AND-gates 28 or 29, the charging current starts to flow.
  • the bistable 5 outputs a signal E to OR-gate 30, to confirm contactor closure, and to timer 40. Five minutes later timer 40 transmits a signal J to AND-gate 12 which is already receiving a signal K (selector 25 at normal).
  • AND-gate 12 then transmits a signal G to AND-gates 13, 14 and two cases may arise:
  • AND- gate 13 also receives a signal D from bistable 10, in which event AND-gate 13 transmits a signal to OR-gate 15 which passes the signal on to the inputsof AND- gates 19 and 21 andcauses the signal to be stored by AND-gate 17, since the same is also receiving a signalB from bistable 8 (I 0).
  • bistable 8 bistable 8
  • the AND-gate 14 receives as well as the signal G a signal D from the bistable 10 (l 20 amperes) and in this event transmits a signal to OR-gate 16 which stores such signal through the agency of AND-gate l8 and transmits it to AND-gate 20, since AND-gate 18 is also receiving the signal B.
  • the bistable 11 transmits a signal F to the AND- gate 20, which opens and transmits a signal at to the OR-gate 22 which stores such signal through the agency of the OR-gate 23 and AND-gate 24.
  • the AND-gate opens upon simultaneous reception of the signal X (for opening the contactor) and the signal Z (contactor closed).
  • OR-gate 23 then transmits an opening signal X to the contactor 3 and to the threshold detector 36 to bring the same into operation to check the battery off-load voltage.
  • the signal X exists for as long as the OR-gate 31 does not output any signal Z (contactor closure).
  • the signal X also goes to the timer 40 to stop and zero reset the same.
  • bistable 6 If the network makes a demand on the battery during a charging sequence so that charging is interrupted and the current I reverses, the bistable 6 transmits a signal Q to the timer 40, which stops and returns to normal. The bistable 6 transmits the same signal Q to the OR- gate 31 to confirm closure of the contactor 3. When the current I turns positive again and its value increases and enters the 1-3 ampere range, bistable 5 transmits a signal E to timer 40, so that the same restarts, and to OR-gate 30 to confirm closure of the contactor 3.
  • the contactor 3 i.e., the electronic and electromagnetic unit or assembly or system or the like for opening and closing the battery charging and load circuit.
  • the signals from the gates 23, 31 are amplified by electronic power amplifiers which are disposed at the input of contactor 3 and, with advantage, combined therewith.
  • Signal Z is amplified in an amplifier 41 which energizes a relay 43 comprising a normally open contact
  • the signal X is amplified in an amplifier 42, the same energizing relay 44 which has a normally closed contact.
  • the relays are shown in their normal states i.e., in their positions in the absence of any signal.
  • the contacts of the relays 43, 44 are in series in a circuit connecting the battery to the winding of an electromagnetic contactor 46 adapted to connect the battery to and disconnect the battery from the network. In the absence of energization there is no connection and the contactor blade or arm or wiper or the like 56 closes an auxiliary circuit energizing an indicating lamp 47 disposed on the control panel near the selector 25.
  • the electromagnetic contactor 46 also energizes a parallel potentiometer circuit 48 which provides the signal N for the gates 29 and 32 and which also comprises a manual switch 50; the same can be placed near and possibly mechanically coupled or combined with the selector 25 so as to be open when the selector 25 is off or on and to be closed when the selector 25 is normal.
  • the overriding closure signals from either the selector 25 or the automatic pilot 38 go in parallel to the winding of the relay 45 whose switch is in parallel with the contacts of the relays 43, 44.
  • a closure signal reaches the relay 45, the winding of the main relay 46 is energized regardless of the state of the relays 43, 44, and the battery is connected to the network 49.
  • the relay 44 opens and the contactor 46 therefore drops, disconnects the battery from the network, lights the indicating lamp 47 and energizes the potentiometer circuit 48 which outputs a signalN, inter alia to gate 32, so that the Z-signal storeis cleared. Upon the disappearance of the signals Z the relay 43 drops and opens.
  • the invention is of use for floating storage batteries used in a voltage-controlled electrical network, more particularly in the electrical systems of aircraft and devices having similar networks such as submarines, tanks, armor devices, air cushion vehicles and hydrofoils.
  • a method of using a buffer battery in a dc. vdistribution network having a charging current source which normally covers the network current requirements and which can also charge the battery comprising the steps of cutting the battery into the network through a contactor depending at least upon a predetermined network voltage drop below the normal battery voltage or upon a drop of the battery off-load voltage below a reference voltage, and in the event of the latter event,
  • the predetermined period is short enough to ensure that the charging energy is always insufficient to reach the limited state of battery charge, and the charging current is assessed at least at the end of the first charging period and, if the current thus measured is relatively small, the first charging period is prolonged until the charging current has dropped to a first predetemiined lower level, whereas if the charging current at the end of the first charging period is relatively high, a further predetermined charging time is given whereafter the current is re-assessed.
  • a method wherein the current measured at the end of a charging period following the first charging period is compared with another threshold, and if the current thus measured is below such other threshold charging is stopped, but if the measured current is above such other threshold charging continues until the charging current has dropped to another lower level greater than the first level.
  • At least one OR gate connected to send acontactorclosing signal'to said contactor
  • a first comparator circuit for comparing the network voltage with a reference. voltage connected tosaid OR gate,
  • a detector of current flow connected to detect the charging current flow between the; network and the battery, and;
  • an electronicclock started by said detector and to send: a contactorclosing signal to said contactor.
  • a circuit arrangement for comparing the load current with a current threshold actuated after a predetermined period of time by a signal from said clock comprising two branches, one of which is operative if the load current is below the threshold and initiates, upon the current dropping; below a first level, asignal opening said contactor, the second branch being operative if the load current is above the thresholdgand leaving said contactor closed fora secondperiod determined by saidelectronic. clock.
  • a circuit arrangement wherein a comparator circuitfor comparing the charging current with a threshold current level associated with said second branch of said two-branch circuit arrangement, said comparator circuit transmitting an opening signal to said contactor when the charging current drops below the threshold. during the second charging period, said comparator circuit maintaining the contactor-closing signal if the current is still above the threshold at the end of 'the second charging period, the contactor-opening signal being transmitted when the current drops below another lower level higher than the first level.
  • a circuit arrangement according to claim 10, wherein said detector of current flow direction between said network and said battery system andthe means for estimating the current level in the connection between said network and said battery system take the form of a-Hall detector whose magnetic field winding is in series in such connection, the semiconductor of said'dete'ctor being flowed through by a constant current.
  • selector in the normal operation position two AND-gates, the first AND-gate receiving at least the contactor starting signal and the brief timer signal, the second AND-gate receiving the starting signal,'a
  • a circuit arrangement wherein said electronic clock is started by the signal of a bistable detecting the beginning of the flow of current in the charging direction; and such clock outputs a signal after a first charging period to one input of an AND-gate whose other input receives the starting signal, the output of the last-mentioned AND-gate being connected to the input of two other AND-gates connected one each to the two outputs of a bistable, the latter outputs being alternately operative above and below a current threshold, the output of each of the latter AND-gates being connected to the input of one of the two OR-gates of a pair, the output of such OR- gates determining the transmission of a contactoropening signal, the outputs of each of the last-mentioned ORlgates being looped to their respective inputs each by way of another AND-gate whose input also receives the signal transmitted by a bistable when the current flow is in the charging direction.
  • the output signal of the other OR-gate of the OR- gate pair goes in parallel to a pair of output AND-gates, one of which also receives a signal for a second charging period from the electronic clock while the other receives a signal beyond the second charging period, the latter AND-gate pair receiving from two bistables, each adapted to output a signal when the current drops to a lower level, the one a signal for a current level at least equal to the threshold and the second a signal for a lower level, these two AND-gates each outputting a contactor-opening signal.
  • a circuit arrangement according to claim 25 wherein the manual selector comprises an auxiliary contact in series in the parallel circuit arrangement comprising the indicating lamp and the potentiometer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
US3703675D 1970-02-25 1971-02-17 Floating battery charging network Expired - Lifetime US3703675A (en)

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US (1) US3703675A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2106701C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2080156A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1349079A (enExample)
NL (1) NL7102380A (enExample)

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US3835362A (en) * 1973-08-09 1974-09-10 Safe Flight Instrument Defective battery condition/charging system warning device
US3900785A (en) * 1973-04-17 1975-08-19 Aerospatiale Device for monitoring the charging current for a storage battery of accumulators
US4114083A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-09-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Battery thermal runaway monitor
US4392101A (en) * 1978-05-31 1983-07-05 Black & Decker Inc. Method of charging batteries and apparatus therefor
US6188199B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-02-13 Eldec Corporation Battery charge optimizing system
US20050261844A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Uwe-Jens Iwers Method for planning the journey of a submarine
US20070284162A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Zettel Andrew M Method for operating a hybrid electric powertrain based on predictive effects upon an electrical energy storage device
US11349144B2 (en) * 2012-05-29 2022-05-31 Nutech Ventures Rechargeable multi-cell battery

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SU674126A1 (ru) * 1977-09-15 1979-07-15 Предприятие П/Я В-2410 Способ зар да негерметичного аккумул тора
FI924426L (fi) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-02 Fps Power Systems Oy Ab Foerfarande foer att kontrollera och uppraetthaolla laddningen hos ett ackumulatorbatteri i en reservstroemkaella och en reservstroemkaella
RU2513322C2 (ru) * 2012-06-01 2014-04-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы" имени академика М.Ф. Решётнева" Способ электрических проверок космического аппарата
RU2537389C1 (ru) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Ракетно-космический центр "Прогресс" (ОАО "РКЦ"Прогресс") Способ управления системой электропитания космического аппарата

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US2821677A (en) * 1956-08-14 1958-01-28 Milton A Knight Battery charging system
US3178629A (en) * 1961-08-25 1965-04-13 Espey Mfg & Electronics Corp Dual rate battery charger with low rate, a preset percentage of the high rate
US3222535A (en) * 1961-11-10 1965-12-07 Martin Marietta Corp System for detection of utilization of maximum available power
US3356922A (en) * 1965-04-08 1967-12-05 Amphenol Corp Automatic battery charging circuit
US3424916A (en) * 1966-07-15 1969-01-28 Thomas D Fenley Total energy system
US3426263A (en) * 1966-05-13 1969-02-04 Nasa Method and apparatus for battery charge control
US3500167A (en) * 1966-12-12 1970-03-10 Vari Tech Co Battery condition analyzer
US3599073A (en) * 1968-12-18 1971-08-10 Texas Instruments Inc Voltage-regulated power supply with standby power capability

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2821677A (en) * 1956-08-14 1958-01-28 Milton A Knight Battery charging system
US3178629A (en) * 1961-08-25 1965-04-13 Espey Mfg & Electronics Corp Dual rate battery charger with low rate, a preset percentage of the high rate
US3222535A (en) * 1961-11-10 1965-12-07 Martin Marietta Corp System for detection of utilization of maximum available power
US3356922A (en) * 1965-04-08 1967-12-05 Amphenol Corp Automatic battery charging circuit
US3426263A (en) * 1966-05-13 1969-02-04 Nasa Method and apparatus for battery charge control
US3424916A (en) * 1966-07-15 1969-01-28 Thomas D Fenley Total energy system
US3500167A (en) * 1966-12-12 1970-03-10 Vari Tech Co Battery condition analyzer
US3599073A (en) * 1968-12-18 1971-08-10 Texas Instruments Inc Voltage-regulated power supply with standby power capability

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900785A (en) * 1973-04-17 1975-08-19 Aerospatiale Device for monitoring the charging current for a storage battery of accumulators
US3835362A (en) * 1973-08-09 1974-09-10 Safe Flight Instrument Defective battery condition/charging system warning device
US4114083A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-09-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Battery thermal runaway monitor
US4392101A (en) * 1978-05-31 1983-07-05 Black & Decker Inc. Method of charging batteries and apparatus therefor
US6188199B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-02-13 Eldec Corporation Battery charge optimizing system
US20050261844A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Uwe-Jens Iwers Method for planning the journey of a submarine
US7801651B2 (en) * 2004-05-21 2010-09-21 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Gmbh Method for planning the journey of a submarine
US20070284162A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Zettel Andrew M Method for operating a hybrid electric powertrain based on predictive effects upon an electrical energy storage device
US8091667B2 (en) * 2006-06-07 2012-01-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method for operating a hybrid electric powertrain based on predictive effects upon an electrical energy storage device
US11349144B2 (en) * 2012-05-29 2022-05-31 Nutech Ventures Rechargeable multi-cell battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1349079A (en) 1974-03-27
DE2106701C3 (de) 1974-08-01
DE2106701B2 (de) 1974-01-10
DE2106701A1 (de) 1971-09-16
FR2080156A5 (enExample) 1971-11-12
NL7102380A (enExample) 1971-08-27

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