US3703601A - Ladle for inductive treatment - Google Patents

Ladle for inductive treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703601A
US3703601A US131926A US3703601DA US3703601A US 3703601 A US3703601 A US 3703601A US 131926 A US131926 A US 131926A US 3703601D A US3703601D A US 3703601DA US 3703601 A US3703601 A US 3703601A
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United States
Prior art keywords
elements
ladle
metal
casing
inductive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US131926A
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English (en)
Inventor
Louis Babel
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Imphy SA
Original Assignee
Creusot Loire SA
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Publication of US3703601A publication Critical patent/US3703601A/en
Assigned to IMPHY S.A., 8 RUE DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD 75009 PARIS, FRANCE reassignment IMPHY S.A., 8 RUE DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD 75009 PARIS, FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CREUSOT-LOIRE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a ladle for inductive treatments, more particularly for the treatment of metals and alloys in the molten state by means of very low, low and medium-frequency inductive alternating fields (5 Hz to 2,500 I-Iz).
  • Ladles for inductive treatments consist of a refractory lining inside a non-magnetic metal cylindrical casing which, in the heating zone, is formed by an assembly of metal'elements connected by mortise and tenon joints and electrically insulated from one another by an insulating and refractory gasket consisting of a thermosetting cement injected in the liquid state into continuous interstices between the connected metal elements.
  • An arrangement of this type has been described more particularly in French Patent No. 1,509,043.
  • the metal inside the ladle must be heated with frequencies above 60 cycles and as high as 2,500 cycles (10 to 15 kg ladles).
  • known ladles defined hereinabove have the disadvantage that they cannot be used in practice when the frequency of the inductive current is above 60 cycles.
  • the reason for this is that with, higher frequencies the heating produced in the metal casing of the ladle as a result, more particularly, of eddy currents (eddy current losses proportional to the square of the frequenveryrapidly cause the ladle to become unusable.
  • the invention obviates this disadvantage and enables frequencies of as high as 2,500 Hz to be used with a ladle consisting of a cylindrical non-magnetic metal casing which can receive a refractory lining.
  • the metal casing consists of metal elements each forming an open electrical circuit and each having a very small section in relation to the inductive vector, anelectrical insulator being interposed between each element.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are a simplified view of one embodiment in which the casing elements are radiating elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view in diametric section and
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show another embodiment with spirally wound metal elements.
  • FIG. 3 is a diametric section of the metal casing of the ladle.
  • FIG. 4 is a section on IV-IV in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a variant of the preceding embodiment in which the elements are wound flat.
  • FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 relate to an embodiment in which the metal casing consists of a braiding acting as a framework or reinforcement for the refractory concrete.
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified perspective of the body of such a ladle
  • FIG. 7 is a detail of the metal braiding
  • FIG. 8 is a section on the line VIIIVIII in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 shows aladle according to the invention in position at an inductive heating station.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates possibilities for transporting the ladle and shows a system providing protection during transport or pouring.
  • each element 1 is a radial section of the cylinder required to form the metal casing of the ladle.
  • each element 1 is in the form of a very thin segment of adequate but very limited width. It will be seen that the juxtaposition of all the elements 1 forms the cylinder making up the ladle and its base. The elements are held in clamped engagement by hoops fitting in grooves 2 and 3 formed by the juxtaposition of identical notches on all the elements 1.
  • the interconnection of the elements 1 is completed by electrically insulated fasteners 4 which connect the elements in groups of 4 or 5.
  • the elements 1 are made, for example, from a nonmagnetic alloy (nickel base, cobalt, chromium, titanium and aluminum) i.e., a super refractory precipitation hardened alloy of high electrical resistivity. Each element is electrically insulated by a surface coating of chromium oxide.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of the metal casing of a ladle which in this case consists of a circular-section wire 5 wound spirally after the style of a spring and held between two rings 6 and 7.
  • the turns of the spring 5 are held in contiguous relationship by means of a number of tie-rods 8 regularly distributed around the wall formed by the spring and alternately inside and outside said wall-.Clamping is provided by nuts 9 with the interposition of resilient washers 10.
  • the spring 5 may consist of a single wire wound over the entire height'of the ladle and preferably (no-load tension) by a plurality of super-posed unit springs.
  • the springs 5 and the tie-rods 8 may, for example, be made from a super refractory alloy as defined hereinbefore.
  • the bottom non-magnetic ring 7 is made in two parts which are connected by bolts.
  • the ring 7 has an annular groove 11 to receive the matching elements of juxtaposed rectilinear metal bands 12 which are held in the groove 11 when the two parts of the ring 7 are connected.
  • the bands 12 are laminations made from nonmagnetic alloys, generally used for resistors.
  • the assembly of elements formed by the turns of the spring 5, the tie-rods 8 and the metal bands 12 are electrically insulated by a chromium oxide surface coating.
  • FIG. 5 The structure shown in FIG. 5 is very substantially similar to that shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 but the spiral winding in this case is replaced by a superimposition of flat circular rings 15 clamped in the same way between annular elements 6 and 7 by means of tie-rods 8 and nuts 9.
  • the rings 15 are not continuous but are split rings. As in the previous Figures, they are of a super refractory alloy and are electrically insulated by a layer of chromium oxide.
  • the metal framework of the ladle consists of a series of tie-rods 18 uniformly spaced and disposed along generatrices of the cylinder forming the body of the ladle.
  • the tie-rods 18 are connected in pairs by a wire 19 wound as an open spiral around two consecutive tie-rods 18.
  • the turns of each spiral 19 are interlaced with the turns of the adjacent spirals, thus forming a resilient braiding which is closed on itself in the form of a cylinder.
  • the tie-rods 18 and the spirals 19 are of a non-magnetic super refractory alloy like the elements in the embodiment described hereinabove.
  • Each tie-rod 18 is enclosed by a sheath of silico-alumina fibers which form an insulator, while the spirals 19 are electrically insulated by a chromium oxide coating.
  • the braiding consisting of the tie-rods l8 and the spirals 19 is embedded in a layer of refractory concrete 21.
  • the concrete cylinder 21 together with the metal braiding as a reinforcement will preferably be prestressed.
  • the braiding will be disposed at the periphery of an expansible mandrel and be tensioned, the system being disposed in a mold into which refractory concrete is then poured. After the concrete has set and the expansible mandrel has been withdrawn, the resilient shrinkage of the braiding will provide the prestressing for the concrete. 7
  • the resulting cylinder will then be completed by a base which can be of the type shown in the previous FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, and some of the tie-rods 18 will be longer than the others and their ends will project beyond the actual cylinder to enable the base to be fixed.
  • the metal elements forming the mechanical resistant element of the ladle all have a very small section in relation to the induction vector and never form a closed electrical loop.
  • the currents directly induced in the framework are thus zero and the eddy currents are reduced to a minimum by reduction of the passage section for the inductive flux in the metal parts forming the framework.
  • the metal frameworks are non-magnetic they do not interfere with the action of the effective induction vector on the charge contained in the ladle.
  • a ladle of this kind constructed according to the invention provides, for example, a readily replaceable detachable crucible for an induction furnace in which only the inductive winding is a fixed element, and a furnace of this type can use relatively high current frequencies (up to 2,500 Hz) despite the presence of a metal framework in the ladle.
  • the use of such a ladle also enables elementary metallurgical sequences (vacuum melting, super-heating, holding) to be separated, by transferring the ladle successively to fixed working stations each corresponding to a specialization of the fixed induction equipment.
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified view of an induction furnace comprising a fixed inductive winding 25 disposed at the periphery of a tank 26.
  • the latter closed at the bottom by a base 27, is open at the top and is bounded by a collar 28 provided with a cooled gasket 29.
  • the ladle used here is of the type described in FIG. 3, with a spiral framework 5 and tie-rods 8. It is lined on the inside by a refractory lining 30 and has in the base a taphole 31 with a valve-controlled nozzle 32.
  • the top annular collar 6 is connected to a projecting collar 33 provided with lifting lugs 34. When the ladle is in position in the tank 26, the collar 33 rests on the collar 28 of the furnace.
  • the assembly can be completed by a bell 35 resting on the collar 33 with the interposition of a cooled gasket 36.
  • FIG. 10 shows equipment for transportation of the ladle from one treatment station to another or for supporting the ladle during a pouring operation.
  • the equipment comprises 'a tank 35, on the edge of which the top collar 6 of the ladle rests. If this equipment is used to tilt the ladle, the latter is also connected to the about which the ladle can be tilted for filling or emptying operations.
  • the invention is not limited solely to the embodiments described hereinbefore, but also covers other embodiments differing therefrom only in detail.
  • the mechanical resistance of the ladles shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 could be reinforced by a concrete lining as described in connection with the framework in FIG. 7.
  • the spirallywound elements forming the framework of the ladle shown in FIG. 3 could be tubular and form a peripheral cooling circuit for the ladle, such circuit being connected to an external fluid circulation circuit.
  • a ladle for inductive treatments consisting of a non-magnetic cylindrical metal casing, a refractory lining for said casing, said metal casing consisting of metal elements each forming an open electrical circuit and each having a very small section in relation to the inductive vector, an electrical insulator interposed between each of said elements, said metal elements including a first series of rectilinear elements regularly disposed along generatrices of the cylinder, and a second series of elements wound spirally between two consecutive rectilinear elements, the turns of each spiral 'interengaging between the turns of the adjacent spirals, a cylindrical wall of refractory concrete enclosing said series of elements, and metal elements forming the base of said casing being juxtaposed non-magnetic electrically insulated strips in a flat annular element and connected to those of said rectilinear elements projecting beyond said cylindrical body.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US131926A 1970-06-16 1971-04-07 Ladle for inductive treatment Expired - Lifetime US3703601A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR707022041A FR2100553B1 (ko) 1970-06-16 1970-06-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3703601A true US3703601A (en) 1972-11-21

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ID=9057234

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US131926A Expired - Lifetime US3703601A (en) 1970-06-16 1971-04-07 Ladle for inductive treatment

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3703601A (ko)
BE (1) BE763322A (ko)
CH (1) CH543844A (ko)
DE (1) DE2127333C3 (ko)
FR (1) FR2100553B1 (ko)
GB (1) GB1348572A (ko)
SE (1) SE381549B (ko)
SU (1) SU376965A3 (ko)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3935412A (en) * 1974-05-22 1976-01-27 Applied Materials, Inc. Induction heated vapor source
US4183508A (en) * 1976-10-04 1980-01-15 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Metallurgical induction heating apparatus
US4221762A (en) * 1978-01-30 1980-09-09 Andrjushin Alexandr I Apparatus for preparing carbides
US4770355A (en) * 1985-12-07 1988-09-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Methods for manufacturing heating coil assembly
US4947464A (en) * 1985-12-07 1990-08-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Heating coil assembly for an electromagnetic induction cooking assembly
US5039345A (en) * 1988-04-05 1991-08-13 Advanced Metals Technology Corp. Fiber composite article and method of manufacture
US5416796A (en) * 1992-06-02 1995-05-16 National Research Institute For Metals Float melting apparatus and method employing axially movable crucibles
US5416794A (en) * 1990-01-31 1995-05-16 Inductotherm Corp. Induction furnace havng a modular induction coil assembly
US5425048A (en) * 1990-01-31 1995-06-13 Inductotherm Corp. Heating apparatus for induction ladle and vacuum furnaces
US5550353A (en) * 1990-01-31 1996-08-27 Inductotherm Corp. Induction heating coil assembly for prevent of circulating current in induction heating lines for continuous-cast products
US5880404A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-03-09 Advanced Metals Technology Corporation Power transmission support structures
EP1435396A2 (en) * 1999-10-05 2004-07-07 Nagoya University Apparatus for generating compression waves in conductive liquid
FR2871984A1 (fr) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-23 Electricite De France Dispositif et procede de chauffage de cuve par induction a moyenne frequence avec refroidissement
US20180184489A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Whirlpool Corporation Induction burner element having a plurality of single piece frames

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8409063D0 (en) * 1984-04-07 1984-05-16 Foseco Trading Ag Furnaces
GB2161591A (en) * 1984-07-14 1986-01-15 Ipw Limited Coreless induction furnace
DE3609836C2 (de) * 1986-03-22 1995-01-19 Leybold Ag Schmelztiegel aus mineralischen Stoffen
EP0387374A1 (de) * 1989-03-15 1990-09-19 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Proektno-Konstruktorsky I Tekhnologichesky Inst. Elektrotermicheskogo Oborudovania Vniieto Induktionsschmelzofen
DE4209964C2 (de) * 1992-03-27 2000-11-02 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Vorrichtung für die Herstellung von Metallen und Metall-Legierungen hoher Reinheit
CN109511190A (zh) * 2018-12-31 2019-03-22 佛山市顺德区三山诺成套设备有限公司 一种耐高温合金钢材料做电磁加热感应线圈

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US932242A (en) * 1906-08-09 1909-08-24 Arthur Francis Berry Electrical production of heat for cooking and other purposes.
US1830481A (en) * 1929-07-16 1931-11-03 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Induction electric furnace
US2969411A (en) * 1957-09-04 1961-01-24 Wild Barfield Electr Furnaces Induction heated furnaces
US3162710A (en) * 1962-07-24 1964-12-22 Anderson Donald Jay Induction furnace with removable crucible
US3165572A (en) * 1962-06-08 1965-01-12 Nat Res Corp Preformed crucible
US3320348A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-05-16 V & V Companies Inc Induction melting furnace
US3335212A (en) * 1964-08-27 1967-08-08 Alco Standard Corp Induction melting furnace
US3401227A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-09-10 Trw Inc Liner for crucibles
US3427421A (en) * 1963-05-07 1969-02-11 Sylvania Electric Prod Electrical heating elements
US3461215A (en) * 1966-04-05 1969-08-12 Commissariat Energie Atomique Electric induction furnace

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1378188A (en) * 1918-11-30 1921-05-17 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Ladle-heating by high-frequency currents

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US932242A (en) * 1906-08-09 1909-08-24 Arthur Francis Berry Electrical production of heat for cooking and other purposes.
US1830481A (en) * 1929-07-16 1931-11-03 Ajax Electrothermic Corp Induction electric furnace
US2969411A (en) * 1957-09-04 1961-01-24 Wild Barfield Electr Furnaces Induction heated furnaces
US3165572A (en) * 1962-06-08 1965-01-12 Nat Res Corp Preformed crucible
US3162710A (en) * 1962-07-24 1964-12-22 Anderson Donald Jay Induction furnace with removable crucible
US3427421A (en) * 1963-05-07 1969-02-11 Sylvania Electric Prod Electrical heating elements
US3320348A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-05-16 V & V Companies Inc Induction melting furnace
US3335212A (en) * 1964-08-27 1967-08-08 Alco Standard Corp Induction melting furnace
US3401227A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-09-10 Trw Inc Liner for crucibles
US3461215A (en) * 1966-04-05 1969-08-12 Commissariat Energie Atomique Electric induction furnace

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3935412A (en) * 1974-05-22 1976-01-27 Applied Materials, Inc. Induction heated vapor source
US4183508A (en) * 1976-10-04 1980-01-15 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Metallurgical induction heating apparatus
US4221762A (en) * 1978-01-30 1980-09-09 Andrjushin Alexandr I Apparatus for preparing carbides
US4770355A (en) * 1985-12-07 1988-09-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Methods for manufacturing heating coil assembly
US4947464A (en) * 1985-12-07 1990-08-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Heating coil assembly for an electromagnetic induction cooking assembly
US5039345A (en) * 1988-04-05 1991-08-13 Advanced Metals Technology Corp. Fiber composite article and method of manufacture
US5425048A (en) * 1990-01-31 1995-06-13 Inductotherm Corp. Heating apparatus for induction ladle and vacuum furnaces
US5416794A (en) * 1990-01-31 1995-05-16 Inductotherm Corp. Induction furnace havng a modular induction coil assembly
US5550353A (en) * 1990-01-31 1996-08-27 Inductotherm Corp. Induction heating coil assembly for prevent of circulating current in induction heating lines for continuous-cast products
US5416796A (en) * 1992-06-02 1995-05-16 National Research Institute For Metals Float melting apparatus and method employing axially movable crucibles
US5880404A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-03-09 Advanced Metals Technology Corporation Power transmission support structures
EP1435396A2 (en) * 1999-10-05 2004-07-07 Nagoya University Apparatus for generating compression waves in conductive liquid
EP1435396A3 (en) * 1999-10-05 2004-10-13 Nagoya University Apparatus for generating compression waves in conductive liquid
FR2871984A1 (fr) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-23 Electricite De France Dispositif et procede de chauffage de cuve par induction a moyenne frequence avec refroidissement
US20180184489A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Whirlpool Corporation Induction burner element having a plurality of single piece frames
US11665790B2 (en) * 2016-12-22 2023-05-30 Whirlpool Corporation Induction burner element having a plurality of single piece frames

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2127333B2 (de) 1974-08-01
FR2100553A1 (ko) 1972-03-24
FR2100553B1 (ko) 1973-08-10
SE381549B (sv) 1975-12-08
DE2127333C3 (de) 1975-03-27
DE2127333A1 (de) 1971-12-23
CH543844A (fr) 1973-10-31
BE763322A (fr) 1971-07-16
GB1348572A (en) 1974-03-20
SU376965A3 (ko) 1973-04-05

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AS Assignment

Owner name: IMPHY S.A., 8 RUE DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD 75009 PARIS,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CREUSOT-LOIRE;REEL/FRAME:003884/0351

Effective date: 19810623

Owner name: IMPHY S.A., 8 RUE DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD 75009 PARIS,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CREUSOT-LOIRE;REEL/FRAME:003884/0351

Effective date: 19810623