US3700433A - Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys - Google Patents

Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US3700433A
US3700433A US161912A US3700433DA US3700433A US 3700433 A US3700433 A US 3700433A US 161912 A US161912 A US 161912A US 3700433D A US3700433D A US 3700433DA US 3700433 A US3700433 A US 3700433A
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United States
Prior art keywords
percent
transverse
columnar
zirconium
properties
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Expired - Lifetime
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US161912A
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English (en)
Inventor
David N Duhl
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Raytheon Technologies Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
    • C30B29/605—Products containing multiple oriented crystallites, e.g. columnar crystallites

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to the nickelbase superalloys particularly as unidirectionally solidified into columnar-grained castings.
  • the mechanical properties of the columnar grain casting including both strength and ductility, parallel to the columnar grains are superior to those obtainable by conventional casting.
  • the mechanical properties in the transverse direction are not as high as those in the longitudinal direction.
  • a particularly desirable alloy for turbine blade applications is that referred to in the VerSnyder patent as SM- 200 (now known as MAR-M200), having a nominal chemical composition of, by weight, 9 percent chromium, 10 percent cobalt, 12.5 percent tungsten, 1 percent columbium, percent aluminum, 2 percent titanium, 1.5 percent iron, 0.015 percent boron, 0.05 percent zirconium, 0.15 percent carbon, balance essentially nickel.
  • SM- 200 now known as MAR-M200
  • MAR-M200 having a nominal chemical composition of, by weight, 9 percent chromium, 10 percent cobalt, 12.5 percent tungsten, 1 percent columbium, percent aluminum, 2 percent titanium, 1.5 percent iron, 0.015 percent boron, 0.05 percent zirconium, 0.15 percent carbon, balance essentially nickel.
  • the present invention contemplates the inclusion of about 1 percent zirconium in nickel-base superalloy castings characterized by a columnar grained microstructure. It is known in the art that the hot workability of alloys may sometimes be improved by the addition of zirconium, cerium, hafnium or yttrium, as indicated in an article entitled A New Approach to the Problem of the Workability of Nickel- Chromium Alloys, Parry et al., Journal of the Institute of Metals (1969), vol. 97.
  • the present invention contemplates the inclusion of about 1 weight percent zirconium to the nickel-base superalloy castings characterized by a columnar grained microstructure resultant from controlled unidirectional solidification techniques, to provide improved mechanical properties transverse to the direction of columnar grain alignment.
  • a maximum zirconium content of about 1.25 weight percent is required with the advantageous results being obtained within the zirconium content range of about 0.75-1.25 percent.
  • the nickel-base superalloys are recognized as those having high strengths at high temperatures such as those associated with the hot section of gas turbine engines. It is from this class of alloys that blades and vanes for use in gas turbine engines are preferably formed. As a class, these alloys are usually characterized by the inclusion of aluminum and/or titanium to promote the formation of the Ni (Ti,Al) intermetallic (7' phase), strengthening a nickel-chromium solid solution matrix. These alloys also normally contain elements like cobalt, and the refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, etc. Typical of such superalloys are those referred to in the VerSnyder patent.
  • the addiiton of zirconium to the directionally solidified alloy casting will significantly improve its properties in a direction transverse to the growth direction. Illustrative of this effect is the enhancement of transverse properties to the MAR-M200 alloy resultant from the addition of 1 percent zirconium as shown in Table I. At 1400" F. (ductility minimum in this alloy) the increase in creep is most striking while at 1800 F. the creep elongation is enhanced. The significant increase in 1400 F. properties is most desirable in gas turbine hardware. It will also be noted that at a zirconium content of 1.3 weight percent, the transverse properties are inferior even to the basic MAR-M200 composition which for the purposes of the TABLE I Weight percent Zirconium (PWA 664) 0.8 1.15 1.3
  • the transverse properties of the directionally-solidified columnar-grained castings have been brought to strength levels in the transverse plane approaching the strengths in the longitudinal direction, thereby reducing the extent of anisotropy in ductility and strength therein. Furthermore, consonant with the transverse property improvement, the desirable longitudinal proper-ties of the columnar-grained material (enhanced thermal fatigue resistance, enhanced longitudinal creep properties and decreased longitudinal modulus) are still retained.
  • weight percent zirconium characterized by a columnar grained microstructure with the columnar grains substantially aligned parallel to the principal stress axis of the article and characterized further by strength and creep properties transverse to said stress axis approaching those parallel thereto.
  • a cast article comprising:
  • a superalloy which consists essentially of, by weight, about 9 percent chromium, 10 percent cobalt, 12.5 percent tungsten, 1 percent columbium, 2 percent titanium, 5 percent aluminum, 1 percent zirconium, up to about 0.20 percent carbon, 0.02 percent boron, balance substantially nickel, characterized by a columnar grained microstructure with the columnar grains substantially aligned parallel to the principal stress axis of the article and characterized further by strength and creep properties transverse to said stress axis approaching those parallel thereto.
  • the cast article is a gas contacting blade.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US161912A 1971-07-12 1971-07-12 Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys Expired - Lifetime US3700433A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16191271A 1971-07-12 1971-07-12

Publications (1)

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US3700433A true US3700433A (en) 1972-10-24

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US161912A Expired - Lifetime US3700433A (en) 1971-07-12 1971-07-12 Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys

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US (1) US3700433A (xx)
AU (1) AU461071B2 (xx)
CA (1) CA958252A (xx)
CH (1) CH552678A (xx)
DE (1) DE2223455A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2145916A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1359938A (xx)
IL (1) IL39127A (xx)
IT (1) IT962731B (xx)
NL (1) NL7206795A (xx)
SE (1) SE377136B (xx)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4915907A (en) * 1986-04-03 1990-04-10 United Technologies Corporation Single crystal articles having reduced anisotropy
US5055383A (en) * 1988-11-17 1991-10-08 International Business Machines Corporation Process for making masks with structures in the submicron range
US20030145977A1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2003-08-07 Smashey Russell W. Directionally solidified superalloy weld wire
US7624487B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2009-12-01 Quill Medical, Inc. Apparatus and method for forming barbs on a suture
US7806908B2 (en) 1993-05-03 2010-10-05 Quill Medical, Inc. Barbed tissue connector
US20100298871A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2010-11-25 Quill Medical, Inc. Self-retaining wound closure device including an anchoring loop
US7857829B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2010-12-28 Quill Medical, Inc. Suture method
US7913365B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-03-29 Quill Medical, Inc. Method of forming barbs on a suture and apparatus for performing same
US8083770B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2011-12-27 Quill Medical, Inc. Suture anchor and method
US8641732B1 (en) 2008-02-26 2014-02-04 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining suture with variable dimension filament and method
US8721681B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2014-05-13 Ethicon, Inc. Barbed suture in combination with surgical needle
US8734485B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2014-05-27 Ethicon, Inc. Sutures with barbs that overlap and cover projections
US8771313B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2014-07-08 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures with heat-contact mediated retainers
US8777987B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2014-07-15 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
US8793863B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2014-08-05 Ethicon, Inc. Method and apparatus for forming retainers on a suture
US8875607B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2014-11-04 Ethicon, Inc. Apparatus and method for forming self-retaining sutures
US8876865B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2014-11-04 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures with bi-directional retainers or uni-directional retainers
US8932328B2 (en) 2008-11-03 2015-01-13 Ethicon, Inc. Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US8961560B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2015-02-24 Ethicon, Inc. Bidirectional self-retaining sutures with laser-marked and/or non-laser marked indicia and methods
USRE45426E1 (en) 1997-05-21 2015-03-17 Ethicon, Inc. Surgical methods using one-way suture
US9675341B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2017-06-13 Ethicon Inc. Emergency self-retaining sutures and packaging
US10188384B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2019-01-29 Ethicon, Inc. Methods and devices for soft palate tissue elevation procedures
US10492780B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2019-12-03 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining variable loop sutures

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4115112A (en) * 1977-07-21 1978-09-19 General Electric Company Cobalt-base alloy and article

Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4915907A (en) * 1986-04-03 1990-04-10 United Technologies Corporation Single crystal articles having reduced anisotropy
US5055383A (en) * 1988-11-17 1991-10-08 International Business Machines Corporation Process for making masks with structures in the submicron range
US7806908B2 (en) 1993-05-03 2010-10-05 Quill Medical, Inc. Barbed tissue connector
US8246652B2 (en) 1993-05-03 2012-08-21 Ethicon, Inc. Suture with a pointed end and an anchor end and with equally spaced yieldable tissue grasping barbs located at successive axial locations
USRE45426E1 (en) 1997-05-21 2015-03-17 Ethicon, Inc. Surgical methods using one-way suture
US8466389B2 (en) * 2000-01-19 2013-06-18 General Electric Company Directionally solidified superalloy weld wire
US20030145977A1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2003-08-07 Smashey Russell W. Directionally solidified superalloy weld wire
US7857829B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2010-12-28 Quill Medical, Inc. Suture method
US8764776B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2014-07-01 Ethicon, Inc. Anastomosis method using self-retaining sutures
US8764796B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2014-07-01 Ethicon, Inc. Suture method
US8747437B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2014-06-10 Ethicon, Inc. Continuous stitch wound closure utilizing one-way suture
US8777988B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2014-07-15 Ethicon, Inc. Methods for using self-retaining sutures in endoscopic procedures
US8777989B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2014-07-15 Ethicon, Inc. Subcutaneous sinusoidal wound closure utilizing one-way suture
US8926659B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2015-01-06 Ethicon, Inc. Barbed suture created having barbs defined by variable-angle cut
US8028388B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-10-04 Quill Medical, Inc. System for cutting a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US8028387B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-10-04 Quill Medical, Inc. System for supporting and cutting suture thread to create tissue retainers thereon
US8020263B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-09-20 Quill Medical, Inc. Automated system for cutting tissue retainers on a suture
US8015678B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-09-13 Quill Medical, Inc. Method for cutting a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US8011072B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-09-06 Quill Medical, Inc. Method for variable-angle cutting of a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US7996967B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-08-16 Quill Medical, Inc. System for variable-angle cutting of a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US7996968B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-08-16 Quill Medical, Inc. Automated method for cutting tissue retainers on a suture
US7913365B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-03-29 Quill Medical, Inc. Method of forming barbs on a suture and apparatus for performing same
US8734486B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2014-05-27 Ethicon, Inc. Multiple suture thread configuration with an intermediate connector
US8083770B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2011-12-27 Quill Medical, Inc. Suture anchor and method
US8690914B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2014-04-08 Ethicon, Inc. Suture with an intermediate barbed body
US8679158B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2014-03-25 Ethicon, Inc. Multiple suture thread configuration with an intermediate connector
US8652170B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2014-02-18 Ethicon, Inc. Double ended barbed suture with an intermediate body
US8721681B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2014-05-13 Ethicon, Inc. Barbed suture in combination with surgical needle
US8734485B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2014-05-27 Ethicon, Inc. Sutures with barbs that overlap and cover projections
US8795332B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2014-08-05 Ethicon, Inc. Barbed sutures
US7624487B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2009-12-01 Quill Medical, Inc. Apparatus and method for forming barbs on a suture
US8032996B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2011-10-11 Quill Medical, Inc. Apparatus for forming barbs on a suture
US10779815B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2020-09-22 Ethicon, Inc. Suture methods and devices
US11723654B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2023-08-15 Ethicon, Inc. Suture methods and devices
US8721664B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2014-05-13 Ethicon, Inc. Suture methods and devices
US20100298871A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2010-11-25 Quill Medical, Inc. Self-retaining wound closure device including an anchoring loop
US10548592B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2020-02-04 Ethicon, Inc. Suture methods and devices
US8915943B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2014-12-23 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining systems for surgical procedures
US8793863B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2014-08-05 Ethicon, Inc. Method and apparatus for forming retainers on a suture
US8777987B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2014-07-15 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
US9498893B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2016-11-22 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
US8771313B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2014-07-08 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures with heat-contact mediated retainers
US8875607B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2014-11-04 Ethicon, Inc. Apparatus and method for forming self-retaining sutures
US8641732B1 (en) 2008-02-26 2014-02-04 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining suture with variable dimension filament and method
US8876865B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2014-11-04 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining sutures with bi-directional retainers or uni-directional retainers
US8961560B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2015-02-24 Ethicon, Inc. Bidirectional self-retaining sutures with laser-marked and/or non-laser marked indicia and methods
US10441270B2 (en) 2008-11-03 2019-10-15 Ethicon, Inc. Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US11234689B2 (en) 2008-11-03 2022-02-01 Ethicon, Inc. Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US8932328B2 (en) 2008-11-03 2015-01-13 Ethicon, Inc. Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US9675341B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2017-06-13 Ethicon Inc. Emergency self-retaining sutures and packaging
US10492780B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2019-12-03 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining variable loop sutures
US11690614B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2023-07-04 Ethicon, Inc. Self-retaining variable loop sutures
US10188384B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2019-01-29 Ethicon, Inc. Methods and devices for soft palate tissue elevation procedures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2145916A5 (xx) 1973-02-23
NL7206795A (xx) 1973-01-16
AU4084172A (en) 1973-10-11
IT962731B (it) 1973-12-31
IL39127A (en) 1975-07-28
CH552678A (fr) 1974-08-15
AU461071B2 (en) 1975-04-29
DE2223455A1 (de) 1973-01-25
SE377136B (xx) 1975-06-23
CA958252A (en) 1974-11-26
GB1359938A (en) 1974-07-17
IL39127A0 (en) 1972-08-30

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