US3700170A - Generator of monodisperse aerosols - Google Patents

Generator of monodisperse aerosols Download PDF

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Publication number
US3700170A
US3700170A US149292A US3700170DA US3700170A US 3700170 A US3700170 A US 3700170A US 149292 A US149292 A US 149292A US 3700170D A US3700170D A US 3700170DA US 3700170 A US3700170 A US 3700170A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
capillary
generator
projection
strand
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Expired - Lifetime
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US149292A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dohnalova-Binkova Blanka
Bedrich Binek
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Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
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Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a generator of monodisperse aerosols, designed to form repeatedly in a mechanical way fine droplets of equal size from a liquid bridge formed from a constant liquid volume between curved contact'surfaces, the generator comprising-a capillary filled with a liquid and having a blade-like projection at the outer end and strand means such as a wire or fiber of which one endis attached to an oscillatory means or device.
  • the generator takes advantage of a repeated disintegration'of the liquid bridge between the cylindricalsurface of .thefilament and a blade-like projection at the outlet end of the capillary to produce fine dropletsof equal'size, which droplets, phase, formthe monodisperse aerosol.
  • Y I The hitherto used methods of and apparatuses for generating rn'onodisperse aerosols can be divided, on the basis of physical principles, into three main catego ries, i.e. condensation, dispersion and separation processes.
  • the main disadvantages of the above enumerated apparatus consists in structural complexity a considerable time instability, a limited size range with respect to the generated particles, particularly within the submicron region, which according to various authersvaries within the range of from 10' to l0 cm, and in the impossibility of controlling the size of generated particles.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of prior artas hereinbefore'set forth,
  • the monodisperse particles are formed by a longitudinal or transverse vibration of the capillary in an alternating electromagnetic field, the frequency of which corresponds to the resonance frequency of the pointed rod from a liquiddfilling a slot in a porous material, or from a hanging drop, the disadvantages consisting'in the impossiblility of extracting droplets smaller than 10 am even by means of thoroughly ground points on the.
  • the purpose of the present invention and the basic object of the same is to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a significantly improved generator of monodisperse aerosols.
  • a generator of monodisperse aerosols for forming repeatedly, in a mechanical way, fine droplets of liquid of equal size 'by breaking a liquid bridge formed from a constant volume between curved contact surfaces.
  • the generator comprises a capillary filled with a liquid and having'a blade-like projection at the outlet capillary.
  • the strand or filament means being a contact with blade-like projection of the capillary and with the level surface of the liquid in the capillary.
  • the generator is fed with a gaseous medium, the supply direction thereof being substantially perpendicular to the direction of the strand movement.
  • the capillary is conically ground towards its mouth to form circular blade-like projection defining an apex angle varying within the range of from to 120 and preferably from 30 to 45; while the axes of the fiber and the capillary define an adjustable angle of from 90 to 150.
  • the generator is provided with a micro-shift device enabling the relative position of strand means and the capillary to be threedimensionally adjusted along three co-ordinates.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that the generator comprising the capillary filled with a liquid substance, and the strand means, builds, on contact of the strand with the blade-like projection of the capillary and with the level of liquid in the capillary, fine droplets of uniform size from the liquid bridge which is being broken down.
  • the merit of the invention resides in the fact that it enables the preparation of a monodisperse aerosolwith controllable particle size within the range of from 10 to 10" cm, the concentration of the particles varying between one and 10 per cubic centimeter.
  • the degree of monodispersity i.e. relative standard deviation
  • the generator according to the invention enables continuous control of monodisperse aerosol formation, possesses sufficient time stability and permits an easy of which one extremity is resiliently supported in a silent block 8 and oscillates therein.
  • the free extremity of the fiber 1 attached to the opposite extremity of the tube 2 is adapted to touch, in the dead center of the extreme points of oscillation, a blade-like projection 16 provided at the mouth of a capillary 3.
  • a transverse oscillatory motion through a cam 7 fixedly attached to the output shaft of an electric in such a manner as motor 6 to rotate therewith is imparted to the tube 2 together with the fiber 1.
  • the motor 6 is energized with a variable voltage current from a power source 15.
  • the oscillatory device as a whole as well as the capillary 3 are housed in sealed bores provided in hexagonal support blocks 4-and 5 into which a gaseous medium is forced via flared extremity 9 of the tube 2 extending from the silent block 8.
  • the arising monodisperse aerosol is withdrawn through an outlet tube 10.
  • the operation of the aerosol generator i.e. the formation of aerosol particles, can be inspected through a sight opening provided with an eyepiece 13, against a dark field by means of an illuminant 12 consisting of an electric lamp 1 1 energized from a power source 14.
  • the elastic non-metallic fiber 1 such as a quartz fiber, having a thickness of from 2 to 20 pm, is in a tangential contact with the blade-like projection 16 of the capillary mouth,defining therewith an adjustable angle of from 90 to 150 so that a short cylindrical portion of the filament 1 is immersed partially into the level meniscus of the liquid substance in the capillary 3.
  • the fiber 1 supported on the oscillatory tube 2 is alternately displaced from its rest position in which it is in contact. with the capillary 3, by means of an electromagnet or cam 7 driven by the electric motor 6. As the cylindrical portion of the fiber 1 leaves'the capillary 3 the liquid substance is at first drawn off, due to the servicing, operation and adjustment.
  • the generator has small dimensions and is easily portable.
  • the generator according to the invention can be used especially for calibrating and controlling aerosol analyzers, filtering devices, further for precisely dosing specimen to be subject to spectral analysis, in radiochemistry, medicine, and in research of aerodisperse systems.
  • the drawing shows a schematic axial sectional view of the monodisperse aerosol generator according to the invention.
  • reference numeral 1 identifies a fiber or strand means, such as, for example a quartz fiber, having a thickness of from 2 to 20 um and attached to an oscillatory or vibrating device 2 in form of a thin-walled tube action of surface tension, to the region where the fiber 1 is in contact with the capillary blade-like projection 16.
  • a fiber or strand means such as, for example a quartz fiber, having a thickness of from 2 to 20 um and attached to an oscillatory or vibrating device 2 in form of a thin-walled tube action of surface tension, to the region where the fiber 1 is in contact with the capillary blade-like projection 16.
  • the total amount of the drawn liquid is determined by the radius of the fiber l, by the radius of the capillary blade-like projection curvature and by the physical characteristics of the liquid substance. Due to the further fiber motion there is formed between the blade 16 and the fiber a liquid bridge which will be broken down into three sections, the lateral sections remaining on the blade-like projection 16 and on the fiber 1, respectively, while the intermediate section will freely float in the gaseous medium being continuously forced into the space where the oscillatory fiber 1 operates.
  • the cylindrical surface of the fiber 1 of constant radius, and also the capillary 3 having a constant radius with respect to its blade-like projection curvature it is possible to obtain a constant liquid volume from which the liquid bridge is formed, as well as constant conditions of the disintegration of the latter.
  • the position of the fiber 1 relative to the capillary mouth is three-dimensionally adjustable along three coordinates by means of a microshift device, and can be simultaneously inspected in dark field by an illuminating and inspecting system.
  • the concentration of the aerosol arising in such a way i.e., the number of particles per volume unit of the carrying gas, is determined by the frequency of fiber vibrations and by the through-flow volume of the gas per time unit.
  • concentration of the monodisperse aerosol is determined by the frequency of fiber vibrations and by the through-flow volume of the gas per time unit.
  • the size of generated droplets is primarily dependent upon the physico-chemical properties of the liquid substance used as well as on the mechanical parameters of both fibers and capillary. However, the size is adjustable, within broad limits, by changing the angle defined by the fiber and the capillary, and by the spatial location-of the region of contact of the fiber with the liquid substance in the capillary mouth.
  • the capillary is filled qith a solution of any optional substance, there arises, during the generator operation, corresponding droplets from which, by an appropriate choice of the gas vapor tension, the solvent can be evaporated so that it is possible to obtain either crystalline or amorphous solid particles of the equal size and structure.
  • the concentrations of the dissolved substance used it is possible to obtain in an easy way respectively graded particle sizes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US149292A 1970-11-18 1971-06-02 Generator of monodisperse aerosols Expired - Lifetime US3700170A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS779970A CS153231B1 (de) 1970-11-18 1970-11-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3700170A true US3700170A (en) 1972-10-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US149292A Expired - Lifetime US3700170A (en) 1970-11-18 1971-06-02 Generator of monodisperse aerosols

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3700170A (de)
JP (1) JPS5031284B1 (de)
CS (1) CS153231B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2132389C3 (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4492322A (en) * 1982-04-30 1985-01-08 Indiana University Foundation Device for the accurate dispensing of small volumes of liquid samples
US4520786A (en) * 1980-02-04 1985-06-04 Arthur K. Thatcher Revokable Trust Sonic dispersion unit and control system therefor
US4674286A (en) * 1972-09-29 1987-06-23 Arthur K. Thatcher Sonic dispersion unit and control system therefor
US5052617A (en) * 1988-11-10 1991-10-01 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Atomization of liquids
WO1999030833A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating dry particles
WO1999030831A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US6116516A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-09-12 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
US6119953A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-09-19 Aradigm Corporation Liquid atomization process
US6187214B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-02-13 Universidad De Seville Method and device for production of components for microfabrication
US6189803B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-02-20 University Of Seville Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US6196525B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-03-06 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for fluid aeration via gas forced through a liquid within an orifice of a pressure chamber
US6299145B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-10-09 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for fluid aeration via gas forced through a liquid within an orifice of a pressure chamber
US6386463B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-05-14 Universidad De Sevilla Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US6405936B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-06-18 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
US6450189B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2002-09-17 Universidad De Sevilla Method and device for production of components for microfabrication
US6595202B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2003-07-22 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6792940B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2004-09-21 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779623A (en) * 1954-09-10 1957-01-29 Bernard J Eisenkraft Electromechanical atomizer
US3222942A (en) * 1960-01-16 1965-12-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Device for detaching mercury drops from a capillary tube
US3392916A (en) * 1965-12-08 1968-07-16 Carl Gunnar Daniel Engstrom Ultrasonic atomizer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779623A (en) * 1954-09-10 1957-01-29 Bernard J Eisenkraft Electromechanical atomizer
US3222942A (en) * 1960-01-16 1965-12-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Device for detaching mercury drops from a capillary tube
US3392916A (en) * 1965-12-08 1968-07-16 Carl Gunnar Daniel Engstrom Ultrasonic atomizer

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4674286A (en) * 1972-09-29 1987-06-23 Arthur K. Thatcher Sonic dispersion unit and control system therefor
US4520786A (en) * 1980-02-04 1985-06-04 Arthur K. Thatcher Revokable Trust Sonic dispersion unit and control system therefor
US4492322A (en) * 1982-04-30 1985-01-08 Indiana University Foundation Device for the accurate dispensing of small volumes of liquid samples
US5052617A (en) * 1988-11-10 1991-10-01 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Atomization of liquids
US6357670B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-03-19 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
US6405936B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-06-18 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
US8733343B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2014-05-27 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6116516A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-09-12 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
US6119953A (en) * 1996-05-13 2000-09-19 Aradigm Corporation Liquid atomization process
US6174469B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-01-16 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating dry particles
US6187214B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-02-13 Universidad De Seville Method and device for production of components for microfabrication
US6189803B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-02-20 University Of Seville Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US6196525B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-03-06 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for fluid aeration via gas forced through a liquid within an orifice of a pressure chamber
US6197835B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-03-06 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating spherical particles of uniform size
US6234402B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-05-22 Universidad De Sevilla Stabilized capillary microjet and devices and methods for producing same
US6241159B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-06-05 Universidad De Sevilla Liquid atomization procedure
US6299145B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2001-10-09 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for fluid aeration via gas forced through a liquid within an orifice of a pressure chamber
US20080072895A1 (en) * 1996-05-13 2008-03-27 The Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US7293559B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2007-11-13 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6386463B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-05-14 Universidad De Sevilla Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US6394429B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-05-28 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for fluid aeration via gas forced through a liquid within an orifice of a pressure chamber
US7059321B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2006-06-13 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6432148B1 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-08-13 Universidad De Sevilla Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US7059319B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2006-06-13 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6464886B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2002-10-15 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating spherical particles of uniform size
US6554202B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2003-04-29 Universidad De Sevilla Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
US6557834B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2003-05-06 Universidad De Seville Device and method for fluid aeration via gas forced through a liquid within an orifice of a pressure chamber
US6595202B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2003-07-22 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6792940B2 (en) 1996-05-13 2004-09-21 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US20050000512A1 (en) * 1996-05-13 2005-01-06 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US20050016526A1 (en) * 1996-05-13 2005-01-27 Alfonso Ganan-Calvo Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US20060102173A1 (en) * 1996-05-13 2006-05-18 The Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
WO1999030831A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Fuel injection nozzle and method of use
WO1999030833A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating dry particles
AU743440B2 (en) * 1997-12-17 2002-01-24 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
WO1999030834A1 (en) * 1997-12-17 1999-06-24 Universidad De Sevilla Device and method for creating aerosols for drug delivery
US6450189B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2002-09-17 Universidad De Sevilla Method and device for production of components for microfabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CS153231B1 (de) 1974-02-25
DE2132389C3 (de) 1974-01-31
DE2132389B2 (de) 1973-06-28
DE2132389A1 (de) 1972-06-08
JPS5031284B1 (de) 1975-10-09

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