US3699905A - Burner for incinerator - Google Patents

Burner for incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3699905A
US3699905A US120413A US3699905DA US3699905A US 3699905 A US3699905 A US 3699905A US 120413 A US120413 A US 120413A US 3699905D A US3699905D A US 3699905DA US 3699905 A US3699905 A US 3699905A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
burner
fuel
thermocouple
flame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US120413A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis X Gach
Ralph E Fanton
Noel D Hazzard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enercon Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Air Preheater Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Preheater Co Inc filed Critical Air Preheater Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3699905A publication Critical patent/US3699905A/en
Assigned to ENERCON SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment ENERCON SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AIR PREHEATER COMPANY, INC. THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
    • F23M11/045—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flame

Definitions

  • thermocouple responds to heat change and the physical structure of the surrounding burner assumes a near flame temperature which loses its heat only slowly when deprived of the heat from the flame. If a safety device such as a fuel shut-off valve is dependent upon a heat variation in the burner similar to that provided by a termination of the flame, fuel may continue to flow for some time after conditions would otherwise warrant a complete shut-down. When combustion is again initiated, the ingredients of an explosion are present in the collection of unburned fuel and the supply of air.
  • thermocouple used to detect burner conditions is arranged to be subject to maximum temperature variation and thus it is usually placed directly in the path of the flame emanating therefrom. By this arrangement the thermocouple is necessarily placed directly in the zone of greatest corrosion and erosion. Thus a thermocouple applied in this manner is continuously subjected to excess corrosion and erosion from the hot combustion gases so that its life expectancy is comparatively short and frequent replacement is required.
  • the arrangement of this invention will find immediate application in the control of fuel to burners when safety conditions require that fuel flow thereto be terminated quickly after the burner flame is interrupted or combustion otherwise ceases. Further, this arrangement may be used to provide conditions that provide for complete and smoke-free combustion in a burner. Finally the arrangement defined will provide extended life to a thermocouple used in combination therewith.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the burner system including a fuelsupply valve and a thermocouple according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged diagram showing the details of the thermocouplecooling means.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing we show an arrangement including an incinerator enclosing a principle combustion chamber 12 having an inlet port closed by a door at one end and an outlet port 18 at the other. Gases from the combustion of wastes in the combustion chamber escape through the outlet port and exhaust through stack 20 to the atmosphere.
  • Gases exhausting through outlet port 18 are subjected to secondary combustion in afterburner 22 by the exhaust from a burner 24 that is lighted by the exhaust from the combustion of fuel and air ignited in pilot burner 32. Flames exhausting from the pilot burner 32 accordingly discharge into burner 24 and then afterburner 22 at the lower end of stack 20 to subject the combustible gases therein to further combustion.
  • thermocouple type apparatus that responds to a temperature change would be suitable from an economicstandpoint but they are erratic and slow. Thus upon flame-out, the temperature of the burner 32 would vary only slowly, the fuel supply valve responsive thereto would remain open as long as there was no substantial change of temperature, and raw fuel would continue to be supplied to the burner, even though its flame has terminated.
  • a pilot bumer exhausting into a T shaped extension 25 normal to burner 24 so that a pilot flame produced in burner 32 exhausts into burner 24 to ignite air from line 28 and fuel from line 28 and fuel from line 26 that are mixed into a combustible mixture by a mixing device 30.
  • the pilot burner may receive its air and fuel via lines 36 and 38 from the same sources 42 and 44 that supply the main air and fuel ducts 28 and 26. Air and fuel are thoroughly mixed together in mixing device 46 for combustion in the pilot burner 32. Combustion of fuel and air in the burner 32 is initiated by a spark plug or glow plug 48 having a suitable source of energy (not shown).
  • spark plug or glow plug 48 having a suitable source of energy (not shown).
  • the small pilot burner 32 thus produces a flame that ignites the fuel and air mixture in burner 24.
  • the small pilot burner 32 is isolated even further from the afterburner than is burner 24, only a small amount of heat from the afterbumer 22 is transmitted to the burner 24, so the heat content at any time will approach only that supplied by the flame of the pilot burner 32.
  • a high temperature is obtained in the flame of the burner 32 when the fuel is ignited, a comparatively low temperature is quickly reached when the flame is extinguished.
  • thermocouple S2 in a small pilot burner will respond to termination of the flame in burner 32 in from 30-120 seconds time, the range of time required being largely due to the time required for the burner to lose its heat to the ambient air surrounding the burner 32.
  • thermocouple S2 an electric signal produced by thermocouple S2 is used to activate the relay 56 which holds the valve 58 in line 26 open against the force of the spring 62 so that fuel from the source 44 may flow to the pilot burner 32 and to the main burner 24.
  • the gas-air mixture in burner 32 is then ignited by the spark plug 48 while fuel-air mixture in burner 24 is ignited by the flame exhausting from pilot burner 32.
  • thermocouple 52 When the flame of pilot burner 32 is extinguished the temperature at the thermocouple 52 slowly falls and the signal produced by the thermocouple eventually ceases to activate the relay 56 sufficient to hold the valve 58 against spring 62, and valve 58 closes. Thus all fuel-flow through line 26 to main burner 24 and through branch line 38 to pilot burner 32 is halted until valve 58 can be manually reset.
  • thermocouple 52 is housed in a T shaped extension 35 that comprises a plenum chamber at the side of burner 32 provided with an air supply line 64 extending between the burner 32 housing thermocouple 52 and the conduit 36.
  • a valve 66 in line 64 is made available for the manual regulation of the air therethrough whereby a small but sufficient stream of ambient air at all times may be directed on to the thermocouple 52.
  • the body of the thermocouple in the T shaped extension 35 may be continuously bathed in a stream of cool air at the side of the burner while only the end portion thereof projects completely into the burner and into the burner flame itself so that it is subjected to the extreme corrosive and erosive conditions of the turbulent flame.
  • thermocouple 52 is constantly bathed in a stream of cool air from line 64.
  • the burner 32 is operating effectively to generate heat that produces a signal in thermocouple 52 is sufficient to activate relay 56 and hold valve 58 in an open position, extinction of the flame will permit the cool air from duct 64 to quickly envelop the entire thermocouple and lower its temperature to terminate the signal which effectively holds the valve 58 open.
  • valve 58 closes all fuel flow to the main burner 24 and the pilot burner 32 is immediately stopped.
  • Valve 68 to the main burner is manually operated so that fuel will not again be permitted to flow to burner 24 until the pilot burner 32 has been placed into operation.
  • valve 58 It has been found in practice that complete shut-down of valve 58 and curtailment of fuel flow therethrough will occur in but 5-15 seconds after flame extinction when the thermocouple is bathed in a cool air stream according to this invention.
  • the ignition means 48 is actuated and the operator then depresses the actuator 62 to open valve 58 to permit the flow of fuel through supply line 38 to the mixing device 46 and through open valve 68 in line 26 to the mixing device. Air is then mixed with the gas to produce a combustible mixture which is ignited by means 48 in burner 32. Heat from the burning fuel mixture in the pilot burner activates the thermocouple 52 and produces a voltage signal that in turn holdsthe valve 58 open so that fuel from source 44 will burn in the pilot burner.
  • valve 68 is opened and fuel allowed to flow through line 26 to device 30 where it is mixed with combustion air.
  • the fuel-air mixture passes through burner 24 it contacts the combustion gases emanating from the pilot burner 32 and the entire mixture is brought to a state of combustion. Combusting gases in burner 24 then exhaust into afterbumer 22 to subject the combustible gases from the combustion chamber 12 to complete combustion.
  • a burner system for an incinerator comprising a housing, a fuel supply conduit connected to said housing for the supply of fuel thereto, a source of air connected to said housing to supply air for combustion thereto, means for mixing the fuel and air to provide a combustible mixture in said housing, means for igniting the mixture of fuel to and air to produce a flame, a branch chamber at the side of said housing downstream from the means igniting the fuel and air mixture, a thermocouple in said branch chamber subjected to the temperature of the burning fuel and air, valve means in the fuel supply conduit adapted to regulate the flow of fuel to the burner, means responsive to said thermocouple holding the valve in an open position, and an air supply duct connecting the branch chamber to the source of air whereby the thermocouple therein may be continuously bathed in a cool air stream flowing from said source.
  • a burner system for an incinerator as defined in claim 1 including the valve means in the air supply duct connecting the source of air to the branch chamber whereby air flowing over the thermocouple may be regulated to completely bathe the thermocouple when the flame of the pilot burner is extinguished.
  • thermocouple in the branch chamber extends concentrically therethrough to the nominal periphery of the flame in the pilot burner.
  • Apparatus for burning combustible waste products including a housing with inlet and outlet ports enclosing a primary combustion chamber, an exhaust stack connected to said outlet port to enclose a secondary combustion chamber, a main burner connected to the secondary combustion chamber to exhaust flame therefrom into said secondary combustion chamber, a source of fuel connected to said burner to supply fuel thereto, a source of air connected to said burner; means for mixing the fuel and air to provide a combustible mixture, a pilot burner for igniting the fuel and air in said main burner, a thermocouple intermediate the pilot burner and the main burner responsive to the temperature of the pilot burner, and means continuously subjecting the thermocouple in the pilot burner 7.
  • thermocouple for burning combustible waste products as defined in claim 6 wherein the means responsive to the thermocouple comprises a valve means, spring means biasing said valve to a closed position, and means responsive to said thermocouple holding the valve open against action of the spring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US120413A 1971-03-03 1971-03-03 Burner for incinerator Expired - Lifetime US3699905A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12041371A 1971-03-03 1971-03-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3699905A true US3699905A (en) 1972-10-24

Family

ID=22390115

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US120413A Expired - Lifetime US3699905A (en) 1971-03-03 1971-03-03 Burner for incinerator

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3699905A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5411534B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA938878A (enExample)
ES (1) ES400324A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2127939A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1359906A (enExample)
IT (1) IT949805B (enExample)
MX (1) MX3184E (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA721420B (enExample)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3808987A (en) * 1972-10-10 1974-05-07 West Creek Co Inc Afterburner construction
US4718846A (en) * 1984-04-14 1988-01-12 Rinnai Corporation Combustion safety device for a gas heater
US5073104A (en) * 1985-09-02 1991-12-17 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Flame detection
US5388537A (en) * 1994-08-02 1995-02-14 Southern California Edison Company System for burning refuse-derived fuel
US20220357036A1 (en) * 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Gas Burner System and Method of Operating the Same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104913334A (zh) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 李理 一种火焰检测器排烟筒

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1874969A (en) * 1930-04-14 1932-08-30 Columbia Burner Company Gas controlling device
US2047878A (en) * 1931-12-28 1936-07-14 Fulton Sylphon Co Thermostat regulating apparatus
US2335471A (en) * 1940-06-05 1943-11-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Fluid fuel burner control system
US2752870A (en) * 1954-03-12 1956-07-03 George A Short Gas fired incinerators
US2863406A (en) * 1957-06-10 1958-12-09 Anderson Incinerator
US3491707A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-01-27 Air Preheater Gaseous waste incinerator

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1874969A (en) * 1930-04-14 1932-08-30 Columbia Burner Company Gas controlling device
US2047878A (en) * 1931-12-28 1936-07-14 Fulton Sylphon Co Thermostat regulating apparatus
US2335471A (en) * 1940-06-05 1943-11-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Fluid fuel burner control system
US2752870A (en) * 1954-03-12 1956-07-03 George A Short Gas fired incinerators
US2863406A (en) * 1957-06-10 1958-12-09 Anderson Incinerator
US3491707A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-01-27 Air Preheater Gaseous waste incinerator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3808987A (en) * 1972-10-10 1974-05-07 West Creek Co Inc Afterburner construction
US4718846A (en) * 1984-04-14 1988-01-12 Rinnai Corporation Combustion safety device for a gas heater
US5073104A (en) * 1985-09-02 1991-12-17 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Flame detection
US5388537A (en) * 1994-08-02 1995-02-14 Southern California Edison Company System for burning refuse-derived fuel
US20220357036A1 (en) * 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Gas Burner System and Method of Operating the Same
JP2022173153A (ja) * 2021-05-07 2022-11-17 ピルツ ゲーエムベーハー ウント コー．カーゲー ガスバーナシステムの運転を監視する方法およびガスバーナシステム
US12287093B2 (en) * 2021-05-07 2025-04-29 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Gas burner system and method of operating the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT949805B (it) 1973-06-11
ES400324A1 (es) 1975-01-01
JPS5411534B1 (enExample) 1979-05-16
CA938878A (en) 1973-12-25
FR2127939A5 (enExample) 1972-10-13
GB1359906A (en) 1974-07-17
ZA721420B (en) 1972-11-29
MX3184E (es) 1980-06-17

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