US3695019A - Method and apparatus for forming yarn - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for forming yarn Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3695019A
US3695019A US46666A US3695019DA US3695019A US 3695019 A US3695019 A US 3695019A US 46666 A US46666 A US 46666A US 3695019D A US3695019D A US 3695019DA US 3695019 A US3695019 A US 3695019A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
strands
convergence
twist
convergence point
feeding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US46666A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Lappage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3695019A publication Critical patent/US3695019A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
    • D02G3/288—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads with same direction of twist, but with an amount of twist varying along the thread
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
    • D02G3/281—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads using one drawing frame for two slivers and twisting of the slivers to a single yarn, i.e. spin-twisting

Definitions

  • Preferential UNITED STATES PATENTS spiralling of one strand about the other is prevented 3 2 5 5 1 9 H h 57/34 by ensuring that the ratio of feed of the strands to the 3 3 595 /196 ZS S: I convergence point are substantially equal.
  • This invention relates to the production of textile yarns and in particular, although not exclusively, the production of yarns from staple fibers such as wool fibers, wherein the fibers are aligned to form rovings and the rovings are thereafter attenuated and twisted to form a yarn.
  • the yarns used, particularly in weaving, are often what are known as twofold yarns," i.e., they comprise two separate single yarn ends which are plied together to form the twofold yarn.
  • the objective in using twofold yarns rather than singles yarns is to improve the performance of the yarns in subsequent process such as weaving, and to enhance the properties of the resulting fabrics.
  • twist in the strands and in the ply of a plied yarn. It is to be understood that the existence and direction of twist is relative to the viewing position of the observer. Throughout this specification and claims the twist will be described as it would be seen by a stationary observer from a position displaced laterally from the yarn.
  • twist exists in each of the single strands between the point of convergence of the strands and the point where the strand is last gripped by the drafting mechanism, but this twist is not, in a theoretically perfect system, incorporated into the resultant yarn.
  • This twist exists in the strands prior to convergence in an equilibrium quantity depending upon the geometry of the system and spinning parameters. lt is not incorporated in the structure of the double-rove yarn because, in equilibrium, it runs along each singles strand towards the drafting units with a speed equal and opposite to that with which the singles strands are spun.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,113,413 of H. Jacobs and A. More head describes a similar process in which there are twisted together two yarns which have their path lengths varied in opposite phase so that first one yarn is stored and then the other to provide a ply in which the one yarn wraps about the other and then the other wraps about the one.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,412,543 of L. Horvath shows the application of this technique to the creation of slubs in false twisted multifilament singles yarns formed by the spindle-less method wherein the plys are first twisted and then separated.
  • the yarns produced by the processes of the abovementioned U.S. specifications are novelty yarns and although the yarns may actually have some singles twist those processes can only be used to produce nonuniform weaving yarns for novelty or fancy fabrics.
  • the yarns disclosed herein are intended for weaving into normal fabrics and are uniform in the sense that at any position along the length of the yarn the single strands are wound substantially equally about one another with neither predominating. We have now found that it is possible to twist together two or more strands in such a way that singles twist is incorporated equally into each of the strands to produce such uniform yarns (using the word uniform in the sense above defined).
  • This invention accordingly has as its principal object to produce, in a single twisting operation, a uniform yarn comprising at least two strands plied together, wherein there is twist in each of the individual strands and the strands are wound equally about one another.
  • a uniform yarn is produced from at least two running strands in a single spinning operation.
  • the process comprises the steps of separately feeding each strand from a feeding point to a convergence point, twisting the strands together at the convergence point and at the same time causing the distance between the convergence point and the feeding points of the strands to be cyclically varied.
  • This causes additional singles twist of alternating direction to be trapped in the strands and incorporated into the structure.
  • Preferential spiralling of one strand about the other is prevented according to this invention by ensuring that the rates of feeding each strand to the convergence point are substantially equal.
  • the feeding points of the strands are arranged so that they are symmetrical about a plane passing through the convergence point and the convergence point is moved cyclically within that plane such that the angle subtended by each strand with the plane at the convergence point is cyclically varied.
  • the twist in the plied structure is unidirectional twist with cyclically recurring regions of high and low twist intensity.
  • the twist in the strands, relative to the strand axis is cyclically reversed, i.e., these are cyclically recurring regions of S twist followed by regions of Z twist separated from the S twist by regions of no twist.
  • the phase relationship between the twist in the strands and the twist in the plied structure is such that regions of like twist in the strands are in phase with one another, and the regions of high intensity twist in the plied structure coincide with regions in the strands where the twist direction is opposite, e.g., if the plying twist is say, S-twist, the regions of high intensity plying twist will correspond with regions of Z-twist in the individual strands.
  • An apparatus for producing the above described yarn comprises essentially, means to feed each strand from a feeding point to a convergence point, convergence means to converge the strands and twisting means to insert twist into the converged strands, and means for cyclically varying the distance between the convergence point and the feeding points of the strands while maintainingthe rates of feed of each of the strands to the convergence point substantially equal.
  • Yarn according to this invention may be produced from for example, staple fiber rovings on conventional spinning machinery by providing a convergence guide to converge the strands from two separately drafted rovings at a point between the drafting mechanism and the spinning spindle and means whereby the convergence guide can be moved to vary the distance between it and the drafting mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a spinning spindle fed froma pair of separate drafting mechanism and illustrating the principle of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevation of an actual apparatus of the type indicated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view on the line 3-3 in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a view on the line 4-4 in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the suction tube shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a front elevation of an alternative apparatus in which both rovings are fed from separate feed points on the one drafting mechanism and in which an alternative means is provided for varying the position of the convergence point.
  • FIG. 7 is y a diagrammatic illustration of a yarn produced according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the twist distribution in the strands and in the ply of a yarn produced by the method of this invention
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the twist distribution in the strands and in the ply of a double-rove yarn produced by a process similar to that described in prior British Pat. specification No. 1,062,594.
  • the reference numeral 1 indicates the front drafting rollers of a pair of side by side conventional apron or like drafting mechanism.
  • the reference numeral 2 indicates a balloon control guide which may be of the simple pot eye" type, and I3 is the spindle of a conventional ring spinning machine having a ring 4 and a traveller 5 by which yarn is twisted and wound onto the package 6 to form a yarn.
  • Strands 7, 8 are fed from the drafting rollers l to a centrally placed convergence guide 10 where they are converged to form a yarn 9 which is twisted by the combined action of the traveller 5 and the spindle 13.
  • the convergence guide is not left stationery at position Y but is rapidly moved up to the position X.
  • the point at which plying together of the yarns takes place is likewise moved from Y to X so that over the distance YX the strands are plied together and at the same time some of the twist which existed in the separate strands over that distance is trapped in the strands.
  • the convergence guide is now moved back to the position Y and twist builds up in the strand until the equilibrium condition is again reached. During this time strand twist of opposite direction is trapped in those parts of the strand entering the ply structure.
  • the convergence guide is now again moved back to X trapping more twist, and so on.
  • a yarn comprising two strands which are plied together and in which there is twist in each of the individual strands separately of the plying twist.
  • the plying twist on the other hand is unidirectional but the plying twist level will vary along the length of the strand and it will vary in such a way that the twist in the strands will be opposite to the plying twist at the points where the twist level in the ply is highest, and will be in the same direction as the plying twist where the twist level in the ply is lowest. There will thus be a substantially constant twist level throughout the yarn as a whole.
  • the actual manner in which the twist intensity varies throughout the structure can be adjusted by varying the motion of the convergence guide 10.
  • the motion of this guide may, for example, be controlled by a cam which is designed, having regard to the forward feeding speed of the strands 7 and 8, to oscillate the convergence guide so that a twist variation is produced in which the twist half cycles are of equal lengths. It will be understood, however, that by suitably varying the motion of the convergence guide the manner of variation of the twist intensity in the strands 7 and 8 and the yarn 9 may likewise be varied.
  • the drafting mechanisms are disposed symmetrically about a plane containing the line XY and that the angles subtended by each strand with that line are always equal. Since the delivery rates of the two drafting mechanism are equal the rates of feed of the two strands to the convergence point will be equal and likewise, at any given time, the tensions in the two strands will be equal. Because of this, if the weights of the two strands are substantially equal, the strands will wrap equally about one another to produce a uniform yarn, i.e., there will be no tendency for one yarn to form a larger helix than the other whereby it becomes a wrapping yarn and the other becomes a core as in the prior art novelty yarns referred to above.
  • FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically a yarn produced according to this invention and it will be seen that this yarn comprises a pair of strands 7, 8 plied together to form the yarn 9. It will also be seen that there are cyclically recurring zones A of relatively high intensity ply twist separated by zones B of relatively low intensity ply twist. It will also be observed that in the zones A where the twist intensity in the ply is high, the twist direction in the individual strands is opposite to that in the ply. Likewise it will be seen that in the zones B where the plying twist intensity is low, the strand twist is in the same direction as the plying twist.
  • FIG. 8 The twist distribution in an actual yarn produced according to this invention is shown in FIG. 8.
  • This figure shows the variations in twist in the ply and in the strands of a 70 tex yarn having a worsted twist factor of 3.3 wherein the convergence guide was moved according to this invention with a stroke of 9 cm. and the cycle length was cm (the worsted twist factor is a factor obtained by dividing the twist in turns per inch by the square root of the worsted count).
  • the upper curve C in FIG. 8 shows that the plying twist in the yarn varies about a mean of about 5 turns per cm in a roughly sinusoidal form with an amplitude of approximately 2% turns per cm.
  • the lower curve D shows the twist distribution in one of the strands. In order to determine this twist distribution the ply was unwound by back twisting it approximately 5 turns per cm. It will be seen that the twist distribution in the strand (after back twisting) varies between approximately plus 0.7 and minus 0.7 and that the distribution curve is of substantially the same form as the curve C but is in opposite phase. The twist distribution in the other strand is not shown but it follows the curve D.
  • FIG. 9 shows the twist distribution in the ply and in the strand of a yarn of the same count and the same worsted twist factor as that of FIG. 8 but in this case the convergence guide in the apparatus was left in its lower-most position and the convergence point was allowed to locate freely.
  • the method of production of the yarn was therefore substantially the same as that described in British Pat. No. 1,062,594.
  • the upper curve E represents the twist distribution in the ply and it will be seen that this varies randomly about an average of approximately 5 turns per cm with a maximum of 5.75 turns per cm and a minimum of 4.5 turns per cm.
  • the lower curve shows the twist distribution in the strand after back twisting about 5 turns per cm and this shows a random twist distribution varying between about plus and minus 0.3 turns per cm. It will also be seen that there are substantial lengths of the yarn in which the strand twist is substantially zero.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 A practical apparatus for the production of the above described yarn is shown in FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • This apparatus comprises essentially a conventional spinning frame having drafting mechanisms 11, 12 each arranged to deliver a strand to the traveller 5 of a spinning spindle 13.
  • the spinning frame is however modified in that there is only one spindle located midway between each drafting mechanism.
  • the frame is further modified in that there is provided a suction tube 14 mounted on a rocker shaft 15 which is driven by means of crank mechanism 16 which is oscillated by a cam 17 driven by chain 18 from a sprocket 19 on the end of the front drafting roller shaft 21. This causes the suction tube to oscillate between the positions shown in full lines and in dotted lines in FIG. 3.
  • suction tubes 14 are connected by flexible tubes 22 to a suction manifold (not shown).
  • the outer end of the suction tubes is slotted with slots 23 forming a fork in the tube equivalent to the fork 10 in the convergence guide shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the plied strands 7 and 8 fed from the drafting mechanisms pass through this slot and as the tube is oscillated the convergence point of the strands is moved backwards and forwards in the manner above described.
  • Shields 24, 25 are provided to isolate each set of drafting mechanisms from one another and to render the operation of piecing up more simple in the event of a break in one of the strands. From this latter point of view the apparatus is substantially self-threading in that in the event of a break in one of. the strands the broken end is prevented from falling down by the plate 25 and is sucked into the suction tube wherein it is quickly caught up by the remaining rotating strand and piecing is thereby accomplished automatically.
  • the yarn of this invention is produced merely by moving the convergence guide backwards and forwards along the line XY.
  • the effect may be produced by a pair of guides oscillating in a direction perpendicular to XY and in the plane of the singles strands such that two guides rapidly approach the point X in FIG. 1 from opposite sides, coming to rest momentarily a short distance apart on each side of the forming yarn and then quickly withdrawing.
  • Such an apparatus is shown in FIG. 6.
  • path lengths of the strands can for example be varied without altering the angle made by the strands at the convergence point.
  • a method for producing a uniform yarn from at least two running strands which comprises the steps of separately feeding each strand from a feeding point to a convergence point, maintaining the rates of feeding of each strand to the convergence point substantially equal, twisting the strands together at the convergence point and at the same time causing the path length between the convergence point and the feeding points of the strands to be cyclically varied.
  • Apparatus for producing yarn from at least two strands comprising means to feed each strand from a feeding point to a convergence point, convergence means to converge the strands and twisting means to insert twist into the converged strands, and further comprising means for cyclically varying the path length between the convergence point and the feeding points of the strands while maintaining the rates of feed of the strands to the convergence point substantially equal.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein there is provided means for feeding at least two yarns from feeding positions disposed symmetrically about a plane passin between them, a conver ence guide located in hat p ane, and means to vary t e pat lengths of the strands equally and simultaneously.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 further comprising a spinning frame having at least one drafting mechanism and a spinning spindle and means to draw at least two single rovings from the drafting mechanism through the convergence means to the spindle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US46666A 1969-06-17 1970-06-16 Method and apparatus for forming yarn Expired - Lifetime US3695019A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU5656969 1969-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3695019A true US3695019A (en) 1972-10-03

Family

ID=3742138

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US46666A Expired - Lifetime US3695019A (en) 1969-06-17 1970-06-16 Method and apparatus for forming yarn

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3695019A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5113782B1 (cs)
BE (1) BE752126A (cs)
CH (1) CH519039A (cs)
CS (1) CS161110B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE2028988C3 (cs)
FR (1) FR2052708A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1318413A (cs)
NL (1) NL149239B (cs)
SE (1) SE391745B (cs)
SU (1) SU427518A3 (cs)
ZA (1) ZA703864B (cs)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3844098A (en) * 1972-04-12 1974-10-29 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Apparatus and method for the manufacture of twisted and plied yarn
US4926626A (en) * 1988-06-09 1990-05-22 N I T I "Veda" Flamme fancy yarn manufacturing method and apparatus
US5010721A (en) * 1987-07-14 1991-04-30 Eno Electronic Gmbh Arrangement for the generation of a yarn having fancy twists arranged and/or formed at random
WO2000040790A1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2000-07-13 Bong Keun Rhee Twisting machine for silk yarn

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1337048A (en) * 1971-05-05 1973-11-14 Platt International Ltd Methods of and apparatus for spinning textile yarns
DE3021632A1 (de) * 1980-06-09 1981-12-24 Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh, 7333 Ebersbach Spinnmaschine, vorzugsweise ringspinnmaschine
GB2136024B (en) * 1983-02-07 1988-05-05 Dr Sing Nie Chao Producing yarn
DE3336680C1 (de) * 1983-10-08 1985-03-28 Saurer-Allma Gmbh, 8960 Kempten Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Effektgarnen
DE102007026797A1 (de) * 2007-06-09 2008-12-11 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Textilmaschine zur Herstellung von Effektgarnen
WO2009086646A1 (de) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Verfahren zum herstellen eines vorgarns.
CN112760772B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-03-18 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种棉麻花式纱的纺纱方法
CN112725960B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-03-18 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种棉、精梳落棉纱及其纺纱方法
CN112725961B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-03-18 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种棉毛混纺纱的纺纱方法及其棉毛混纺纱
JP7051159B2 (ja) * 2021-04-15 2022-04-11 伊澤タオル株式会社 タオル地及びその製造方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1916377A (en) * 1932-05-04 1933-07-04 Erie Dyeing & Proc Co Mechanical movement
US2731789A (en) * 1956-01-24 holder
US2961010A (en) * 1955-11-03 1960-11-22 Lees & Sons Co James Pile fabric
US2981047A (en) * 1957-05-23 1961-04-25 Kunstzijdespinnerij Nyma Nv Method and device for manufacturing a tire cord consisting of two elements
US3113413A (en) * 1959-06-08 1963-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3199283A (en) * 1958-04-18 1965-08-10 Celanese Corp Strong slub yarn
US3225533A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-12-28 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Apparatus and process for forming yarns and other twisted assemblies
US3306023A (en) * 1967-02-28 Process for forming twisted fibre assemblies
US3344595A (en) * 1965-09-29 1967-10-03 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cord treatment
US3377792A (en) * 1964-10-28 1968-04-16 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Twisting apparatus
US3443370A (en) * 1966-08-09 1969-05-13 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Twisted thread assemblies

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2731789A (en) * 1956-01-24 holder
US3306023A (en) * 1967-02-28 Process for forming twisted fibre assemblies
US1916377A (en) * 1932-05-04 1933-07-04 Erie Dyeing & Proc Co Mechanical movement
US2961010A (en) * 1955-11-03 1960-11-22 Lees & Sons Co James Pile fabric
US2981047A (en) * 1957-05-23 1961-04-25 Kunstzijdespinnerij Nyma Nv Method and device for manufacturing a tire cord consisting of two elements
US3199283A (en) * 1958-04-18 1965-08-10 Celanese Corp Strong slub yarn
US3113413A (en) * 1959-06-08 1963-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3225533A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-12-28 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Apparatus and process for forming yarns and other twisted assemblies
US3377792A (en) * 1964-10-28 1968-04-16 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Twisting apparatus
US3344595A (en) * 1965-09-29 1967-10-03 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cord treatment
US3443370A (en) * 1966-08-09 1969-05-13 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Twisted thread assemblies

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3844098A (en) * 1972-04-12 1974-10-29 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Apparatus and method for the manufacture of twisted and plied yarn
US5010721A (en) * 1987-07-14 1991-04-30 Eno Electronic Gmbh Arrangement for the generation of a yarn having fancy twists arranged and/or formed at random
US4926626A (en) * 1988-06-09 1990-05-22 N I T I "Veda" Flamme fancy yarn manufacturing method and apparatus
WO2000040790A1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2000-07-13 Bong Keun Rhee Twisting machine for silk yarn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2052708A5 (cs) 1971-04-09
SU427518A3 (ru) 1974-05-05
DE2028988A1 (de) 1970-12-23
GB1318413A (en) 1973-05-31
JPS5113782B1 (cs) 1976-05-04
SE391745B (sv) 1977-02-28
CS161110B2 (cs) 1975-05-04
NL149239B (nl) 1976-04-15
NL7008873A (cs) 1970-12-21
ZA703864B (en) 1971-03-31
CH519039A (de) 1972-02-15
BE752126A (fr) 1970-12-17
DE2028988B2 (de) 1979-08-09
DE2028988C3 (de) 1980-04-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3225533A (en) Apparatus and process for forming yarns and other twisted assemblies
US3079746A (en) Fasciated yarn, process and apparatus for producing the same
US3802174A (en) Method and apparatus for producing of staple fibre yarn
US3695019A (en) Method and apparatus for forming yarn
US3443370A (en) Twisted thread assemblies
US4069656A (en) Composite spun yarn and process for producing the same
US3113413A (en) Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3831369A (en) Yarn structure and method of making same
CN108728967B (zh) 包缠结构亚麻、涤纶长丝段彩复合纱的加工方法及复合纱
US2990673A (en) Process and apparatus for producing core yarns
US3945189A (en) Method of producing knop yarn
CN108728968B (zh) 多色段彩亚麻、化纤长丝包缠复合纱的加工方法及复合纱及设备
US3445994A (en) Process for the manufacture of a looped yarn and apparatus therefor
US3264816A (en) Process for producing composite yarn structure
US2859583A (en) Apparatus for producing core yarns
US2946181A (en) Production of twistless yarns by direct spinning to tow, sizing the tow, false twisting and winding
US3394538A (en) Spun yarn
US3309863A (en) Production of elastic yarns on the woolen system
US3844098A (en) Apparatus and method for the manufacture of twisted and plied yarn
US3162995A (en) Method of processing monofilament yarn
US2946180A (en) Production of twistless staple fiber yarns by sizing untwisted bundles, false twisting and winding
US3795096A (en) Product and process
US3415048A (en) Process for producing alternating twist
US3868812A (en) Process and apparatus for the manufacture of effect yarn
JPS60110930A (ja) 特殊意匠糸の製法