US3694825A - Disposal of human waste by incineration - Google Patents

Disposal of human waste by incineration Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694825A
US3694825A US20319A US3694825DA US3694825A US 3694825 A US3694825 A US 3694825A US 20319 A US20319 A US 20319A US 3694825D A US3694825D A US 3694825DA US 3694825 A US3694825 A US 3694825A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
flame
opening
burner
grate
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US20319A
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English (en)
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Frederick W Kufrin
Paul R Virnoche
Donald J Allen
Phillip E Gokey
Frederick A Rose
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Polar Ware Co
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Polar Ware Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
    • A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
    • A47K11/023—Incinerator closets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Human waste is disposed of by incineration including burning solids, vaporizing liquids and converting any residual gases into elemental substantially odorless form. Discharge temperature of the treated gases is reduced to an acceptable level.
  • Practice of the method is exemplified in an incineration toilet utilizing a soft gas flame providing not only incinerating and vaporizing heat within a firebox but also gas consuming heat in a combustion passage leading from the firebox; Circulation of the products of combustion is promoted by an exhaust fan which draws them across a cooling air gap into a settling chamber before discharge from the apparatus.
  • Various operating and safety structures and controls are provided.
  • This invention relates to disposal of human waste by incineration, and is more particularly concerned with a method and apparatus suitable for an incinerator toilet.
  • incinerator toilets A major problem with incinerator toilets, has been the emission of noxious odors resulting from incomplete combustion or at least failure to reduce vapors to eliminate gases. It is, of course, necessary or at least highly desirable to eflect incineration as rapidly as possible.
  • space is generally limited, apparatus must be as simple and foolproof as possible, and economy both in the initial cost and in operation must be considered, in order to be practical for the intended purpose.
  • An important object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved method of and means for disposing of human waste by incineration in a novel, rapid, efficient and safe manner.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide for the complete and efficient incineration of human waste material in a manner to provide odorless exhaust.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method of and means for incineration utilizing a soft flame such as provided by an atmospheric burner.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide new and improved incineration toilet apparatus.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide new and improved apparatus for incineration toilet disposal of waste including solids and liquids including superheating vapors to eliminate odors.
  • a yet further object of the invention is to provide new and improved compact efficient incinerator toilet apparatus and operating and safety controls therefor.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an incinerator toilet and embodying features of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration showing the manner in which combustion is effected
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional detail view taken substantially along the line III-III of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional detail view taken substantially along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional plan view taken substantially along the line VV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view looking downwardly and rearwardly into'the incinerator toilet with the top closure removed;
  • FIG. 7 is a more or less schematic top plan view similar to FIG. 5 but showing a modification
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary elevational view taken substantially along the irregular line VIII-VIII of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevational view taken substantially along the line lX-IX of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is an electrical schematic of the operating and control circuitry for the apparatus.
  • waste materials including solids and liquids are subjected to soft flame, i.e., such as that produced by an atmospheric burner in which combustible gas such as propane under ordinary tank pressure is released through a burner nozzle within which it is mixed with air at atmospheric pressure and ignited and the flame as thus produced utilized for incineration.
  • soft flame i.e., such as that produced by an atmospheric burner in which combustible gas such as propane under ordinary tank pressure is released through a burner nozzle within which it is mixed with air at atmospheric pressure and ignited and the flame as thus produced utilized for incineration.
  • Maximum exposure of the waste materials to the flame is effected to attain thorough incineration of solids and evaporation of liquids, and the vapors are then superheated, causing breakdown of the vapors into elemental gases to eliminate odors.
  • the odorless products of combustion are cooled by mixing ambient air therewith and exhausted to atmosphere. This method is particularly useful for incinerator toilets.
  • an incinerator toilet (FIG. 1) which includes an outer housing 15 having a base 17 and an upper closure 18 which is removably supported on a lateral supporting ledge flange 19.
  • a suitable opening 20 (FIGS. 3 and 4) within which is suspended a removably supported funnel-like toilet bowl 21 having an upper out-tumed marginal supporting rim flange 22 which engages on the closure 18 about the opening 20.
  • the seat 23 is mounted by means of respective left and right brackets 28 which are freely pivotally connected to left and right mounting brackets 29 which are rigidly connected to the ends of the shaft 25 as by means of respective couplings 30.
  • the cover 24 may be raised from the seat 23 as desired, and the seat 23 may be raised from the bowl rim 22 for whatever purpose desired such as for removing the bowl 21 for cleaning.
  • the bowl 21 has a discharge opening 31 aligned with the opening in the seat 23, and disposed to discharge into a combustion or incinerating chamber 32 provided by means of an upwardly opening box-like fire pot or chest 33 suitably supported permanently or removably, as preferred, in the lower portion of the cabinet housing 15 and spaced from the outer walls of the cabinet housing adequately to provide for the interposition of proper heat insulation to avoid any objectionable transfer of heat from the combustion chamber or firebox to the outer wall of the cabinet.
  • upper end closure means therefor comprising a fire door structure desirably in the form of a pair of separable heat insulated fire doors 34 which are complementary in size to each other, and each over about half of the top opening into the combustion chamber.
  • a fire door structure desirably in the form of a pair of separable heat insulated fire doors 34 which are complementary in size to each other, and each over about half of the top opening into the combustion chamber.
  • they have end margins extending beyond opposite ends of the chest structure 33 and supported slidably on respective tracks provided by means comprising rails 35 carried by the upper end portions of the end walls of the chest.
  • Means are provided for automatically opening the fire doors 34 when the lid or cover 24 is swung open and for returning the fire doors to the combustion chamber closing relationship when the cover 24 is returned to the closed downward position.
  • the couplings 30, which are co-rotative with the shaft 25, desirably provide respective operating earns 37 projecting rearwardly thereon and facing downwardly and adapted to be engaged by means of follower rollers 38 of motion transmission means comprising respective vertically extending plunger rods 39 which are desirably square in cross section and are vertically reciprocably slidably supported by and between vertically spaced rearwardly projecting horizontally extending flanges 40 of a transverse bracket bar 41 which may comprise a frame bar within and secured to the inner walls of the upper rear portion of the cabinet 15.
  • the plungers 39 are biased upwardly by means comprising respective coiled compression springs 42 engaged thereabout, having their lower ends bottomed on the lower bracket flange 40 and thrusting upwardly against respective shoulder flanges 43 fixed on the plungers. This causes the follower rollers 38 on the upper ends of the plungers normally to engage and follow the associated cams 37. Conversion of vertically reciprocal motion of the plungers 39 into respective opening and closing movements of the fire doors 34 is effected by means of respective racks 44 on the plungers 39 above the shoulders 43 meshing with respective pinions 45 co-rotative with respective rock shafts 47 rotatably journalled on and between the bracket frame bar 41 and a transverse bracket frame bar 48 within and across the upper front portion of the cabinet 15.
  • Incinerating flame is introduced into the combustion chamber 32 by means comprising a flame discharging nozzle 52 having its tip projected through a suitable opening 53 in the rear wall of the firebox chest 33.
  • the nozzle 52 is of the venturi mixing at I mospheric burner type leading from an atmospheric air intake 52a (FIGS. 2 and 3) through which combustible gas is delivered by way of a duct 54 leading from a gas valve assembly 55 by way of which gas is supplied from a supply duct 57 located in the rear lower portion of the housing 15.
  • An ignitor 58 is associated with the flame tip of the nozzle 52.
  • the flame issuing from the nozzle 52 is of the soft type comprising fuel gas such as propane, natural gas, or any other preferred combustible gas supplied to the nozzle 52 under ordinary line or tank pressure and mixed with the atmospheric air through the mixer 52a so that instead of a jet or blowtorch-like flame propelled with substantial velocity, the flame will issue into the chamber 32 in a manner to enable it substantially to fill the chamber.
  • fuel gas such as propane, natural gas, or any other preferred combustible gas supplied to the nozzle 52 under ordinary line or tank pressure and mixed with the atmospheric air through the mixer 52a so that instead of a jet or blowtorch-like flame propelled with substantial velocity, the flame will issue into the chamber 32 in a manner to enable it substantially to fill the chamber.
  • narrow divergent deflector blades 59 (FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 6) are mounted adjacently in front of the discharge end of the nozzle 52.
  • secondary air for improving combustion is adapted to enter the chamber 32 about the nozzle 52 through the opening 53 in the chamber wall.
  • the grate plate 60 desirably has relatively divergently downwardly oblique respective narrow deflector flanges 63. Further, the plate 60 is desirably located above the upper edge of the pan 62 and is supported at an elevation about level with a horizontal axis on which the nozzle 52 is preferably located. Thereby flame from the nozzle 52 will efficiently envelop solid material M (FIG. 2) on the plate 60 not only above, but also below through the perforations in the plate.
  • Evaporation of liquids in the pan 62 is enhanced by diverting flame from the rear of the pan downwardly thereunder along a downwardly and forwardly sloping rear wall 64 which diverts some of the flame under the pan which is supportedabove the bottom of the chamber 32 as by means of bar brackets 65 and 67 to afford clearance under the pan.
  • the pan may be dimensioned to occupy space from side-to-side within the box 33, as best seen in FIG.
  • Operating temperature in the combustion chamber 32 is great enough to consume the material M and vaporize the fluids, and vapor and the products of combustion leave through the opening 68. If directly discharged to atmosphere this effluvium would be detectable by its odor. Means are therefore provided for superheating the vapors to break them down into elemental gases and eliminate odor before discharging to atmosphere. In a simple, efficient arrangement, such superheating is effected in a chamber 69 into and through which all of the products of combustion and vapors must pass as a confined stream from the outlet 68.
  • the chamber 69 is provided within a duct 70 desirably horizontally along the front wall of the firebox 33 and then continuing angularly rearwardly along a side wall of the firebox.
  • the duct 70 may be simply a sheet metal structure secured directly to the walls of the firebox 33 and in fact utilizing the associated area portions of the firebox walls as part of the duct wall structure.
  • the gases are too hot to permit safe discharge to atmosphere. Accordingly, means are provided for rapidly cooling the gases, in this instance accomplished by mixing therewith a large volume of atmospheric air as the gases are drawn across a substantial air gap 72 between the discharge end of the extension 71 and a mixing and settling chamber 73 provided in a vertically elongated box-like housing 74 preferably of generally rectangular form and having adjacent to but spaced above a bottom end thereof in a wall spaced from the end of the extension 71 an inlet opening 75 aligned with and of preferably larger size than the outlet end of the extension.
  • suction is applied to draw the cool gas and air mixture from the mixing chamber 73 through an exit opening 77 located in the upper portion of one of the vertical walls of the box casing 74.
  • air and gas mixture turns to move upwardly from the entrance or inlet opening 75 to the outlet 77, fly ash or other solids entrained therein drop to the bottom or collecting floor of the casing within the chamber 73.
  • Exhaust suction is applied through the opening 77 by suitable means such as a fan which may be of the squirrel cage type rotatably mounted within a housing 78 and driven by a motor 79.
  • An exhaust duct 80 may lead from the fan housing 78 directly to atmosphere or to a stack, as preferred.
  • the mixing chamber box or casing 74 is desirably removably mounted, as best seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, as by means of studs 81 engageable in upwardly opening vertical slots 82 in respective hanger brackets 83 secured to the blower casing 78 to receive the mixing chamber casing 74 therebetween.
  • Support for the blower casing 78, and thereby the mixing chamber casing 74, is desirably provided by a bracket 84 carried by the cabinet housing 15 in the upper rear portion thereof.
  • hood 85 on the rear portion of the closure 18 and which may be permanently attached to or separable from the closure 18 as preferred but in any event removable for access to the area rearwardly from the seat and firebox area of the housing for servicing and clean-out purposes.
  • the blower induced draft thereinto serves to ventilate the interior of the housing during use. While incineration is proceeding, the ventilating action not only draws ambient cooling air into the housing through various openings, but also withdraws heated air from within the housing, thereby supplementing the heat insulation in and about the housing walls in maintaining the exterior surfaces of the housing cool.
  • the duct 70 is desirably provided with a lead-in section 87 which may conveniently be provided as an angular integral portion of the duct mounted on the op- I posite side of the fire box 33 from that along which the lead-out portion of the duct extends to the terminal portion 71.
  • An open entrance 88 into the duct portion 87 permits combustion-promoting air to enter about a gas flame nozzle 89 serving as a secondary or afterburner to project into the duct flame having a B.T.U. capacity when mixed with the air entering through the entrance opening 88 to supplement the heat derived from the primary burner through the firebox exit opening 68 to superheat the vapors sufficiently to convert them into primary gases free from odor.
  • electrically energized heating means may be provided, but generally a gas flame to supply the additional heat may be found more convenient, especially where the primary flame is supplied by gaseous fuel.
  • a monitoring circuit for this purpose is exemplified in FIG. 10 as comprising a pair of input terminals and 101 for connection to a conventional electrical supply, for example volts AC at 60 Hz.
  • Terminal 100 is connected to one terminal of a primary winding 108 of a step-down transformer 107 over a series path including a fuse 102, a normally closed switch 103 and a switch contact 104 engaged with a switch contact 105.
  • the terminal 101 is connected to the other terminal of winding 108 over a series path including a switch contact 109 which is engaged with a switch contact 110.
  • the voltage is therefore stepped down at a secondary winding 112 of the transformer 107 whereupon it is impressed across a bridge rectifier 116 over a first path including a switch contact 113 in engagement with a switch contact 114, and over a second path including a switch contact 117 in engagement with a switch contact 118.
  • the bridge rectifier 116 includes a plurality of diodes 120-123 which are connected for full-wave rectification of the alternating wave.
  • a pair of diodes 121 and 122 have their anodes commonly connected and in turn connected to ground while another pair of diodes 120 and 123 have their cathodes commonly connected, and in turn connected by way of a conductor 124 to a normally closed switch 130 which is utilized to signal positive box replacement.
  • the resistor 131 is serially connected to ground by way of a capacitor 132 and is connected to the cathode of a zener diode 134 by way of a resistor 133.
  • the resistors 131 and 133 and the capacitor 132 and the zener diode 134 provide a filter regulator having an output voltage +V of 4.7 volts DC.
  • other circuits and voltages could be employed as required or desired.
  • the switch 103 performs an interlock function and is mounted at the rear upper portion of the outer housing (FIG. 6) and includes an operating plunger 103a for operational engagement with the top closure 18.
  • the switch 125 (FIG. 9) is mounted at the extension 71 to sense the temperature of the elemental gases passing thereby.
  • This thermostat switch is rated at a temperature of approximately 1,400 F and will operate to open the powering connection to the control circuit and the burner upon detection of excessive exhaust temperature. This thermostat must be manually reset before the unit may again be operated,
  • the aforementioned integrated circuits include, and other circuits may realize, a plurality of dual input positive NAND gates for controlling the operation of the incinerator toilet.
  • a first pair of such gates 135 and 136 are connected in a wellknown manner to form a set-reset multivibrator.
  • Another pair of dual gates 137 and 138 are also connected to form a set-reset multivibrator.
  • the gate 135 has an output 139 connected to an input 141 of the gate 136.
  • the gate 138 has an output 142 connected to an input 144 of the gate 137.
  • a pair of capacitors 153a and 191a hold their respective sides of the multivibrators (outputs 153 and 191, respectively) at the power supply level momentarily, thereby forcing the multivibrators into the desired initial state.
  • the output 139 and the input 141 of the gates 135 and 136 respective are at the high level.
  • an input 145 to a gate 146 is placed at a high level, another input 147 of the gate already being at a high level by virtue of its connection to the supply +V over a resistor 148.
  • the gate 146 includes an output 149 which is therefore at a low level.
  • the output 149 is connected to the base of a transistor 151 by way of a resistor 150.
  • the transistor 151 has its emitter connected to a base of a transistor 152 and its collector connected in common with the collector of the transistor 152.
  • the emitter of the transistor 152 is connected to ground and its collector is returned to the DC voltage at conductor 129, in this case 12 volts DC, by way of the motor 79.
  • the low level at the output 149 of the gate 146 is therefore ineffective to render the transistors 151 and 152 conductive.
  • the motor 79 is therefore not energized.
  • the gate 136 has an output 153 which is connected to an input 154 of the gate 135. At this time in the operational sequence the output 153 is at a low level and this low level is connected to an input 155 of a gate 157. Similarly, the high level at the output 142 of the gate 138 is connected to an input 156 of the gate 157. With a high level at the input 156 and a'low level at the input 155, the gate 157 is effective at an output 158 at a high level. The output 158 of the gate 157 is connected to an input 159 of a gate 161.
  • the gate 161 includes a further input 160 which is connected to the supply +V by way of a resistor 162.
  • the gate 161 includes an output 163 which is effective at a low level due to the high level at its inputs 159 and 160.
  • the output 163 is connected by way of a resistor 164 to the base of a transistor 165 connected in a Darlington configuration with a second transistor 165a.
  • the low level at the output 163 is ineffective to render the transistors 165 and 165a conductive at this time.
  • the transistors 165 and 165a are connected in circuit with the burner circuit of the incinerator toilet. At the present time in the sequence the motor 79 is not operating to provide a flow of air and the burner is not yet operated.
  • the first step in the operating sequence is initiated by the application of power or the previous opening of the fire doors 34, which will be explained in detail below, whereby the +V potential at the collector of a transistor 212 is impressed on an input 167 of the gate 136 as a pulse and effects a change of state of the multivibrator so that the output 139 goes to a low level and the output 153 goes to a high level.
  • the resulting low level at the input 145 of the gate 146 renders the gate 146 effective at a high level at its output 149, which in turn renders the transistors 151 and 152 conductive to provide an energizing path for the motor 79.
  • the motor 79 is therefore energized and an air flow is established by way of the blower apparatus.
  • a sail switch 230 which is disposed on the blower casing 78 (FIG. 9) and includes a vane 231 remotely coupled to a contact switch 232. Closure of the switch 230 therefore verifies air flow.
  • the high level now present at the output 153 of the gate 136 is effective at the input 155 of the gate 157 to shift the output 158 thereof to a low level.
  • this low level is effective at the input 159 of the gate 161 to render the gate 161 operable at a high level at its output 163.
  • the high level at the output 163 is effective over the resistor 164 to render the transistors 165 and 165a conductive.
  • the transistors 165 and 1650 do not, however, render the burner unit operative in that the cover 24 is still raised and the fire doors 34 are open; hence, power is not yet available to the burner unit.
  • the control circuit will remain in the status last discussed and nothing further will happen until the toilet cover 24 is lowered.
  • the lowering of the cover 24 is efi'ective as discussed above to close the fire doors 34.
  • One of the fire doors has a switch 168 associated therewith and mounted on the transverse bracket frame bar 48.
  • the switch 168 includes an operating plunger 169 for operation upon closure of the corresponding fire door 34 by a protruding portion 170 of the respective shaft 47.
  • the other fire door has a switch 171 similarly associated therewith and mounted on the transverse bracket frame bar 48 and includes a plunger 172 for operation by a protruding portion 173 of the respective shaft 47.
  • the switches 168 and 171 are electrically connected in series in the burner circuit to insure complete closure of both fire doors 34 before ignition and operation of the burner.
  • the burner includes two solenoid valves to allow for modulation of input. A first of these is not illustrated herein but is effective between the collector of the transistor 165 and the junction 176.
  • the modulating one of the valves is represented by the winding 175 in series with a 950 F thermostat 177 which is physically disposed on the exhaust exit extension 71 (FIG. 9).
  • a relay preferably a reed relay, including a winding 172 is energized to close its contacts 173 associated with the ignitor circuit 174.
  • Closure of the contact 173 effects a voltage divider including a resistor 175, a contact 177 engaged by a contact 176, the switch 173, a contact 179 in engagement with a contact 180 and a resistor 182 across the commercial supply.
  • One terminal of the resistor 182 is connected to the gate electrode of a silicon controlled rectifier 183 for energization of the ignitor 174 to provide ignition at the gap 184.
  • the circuit includes a flame proven switch 185 having a flame sensor 186 (FIG. 3) and opens upon the detection of an adequate flame to deenergize the relay winding 172 and open the contacts 173 thereof and deenergize the ignitor 174.
  • a flame proven switch 185 having a flame sensor 186 (FIG. 3) and opens upon the detection of an adequate flame to deenergize the relay winding 172 and open the contacts 173 thereof and deenergize the ignitor 174.
  • the electrical circuit of the blower further includes a 150 F flame blow back switch 187 (FIG. 3) disposed above and behind the opening 53 and connected in series with the fire door switches 168, 171 and the solenoid valves of the burner. This switch is normally closed and operative upon an adverse draft condition to prevent a sustained flame of reverse direction. 1
  • the electrical circuit of the blower includes a normally closed, thermally operated and manually resettable switch 125 (FIG. 9) in series with the switch 187.
  • the switch includes contacts 126 and 127'which part at a predetermined temperature, say l,350 F., to protect against excessive heat or thermal overload of the apparatus.
  • a reset button is provided to reclose the contacts 126 and 127.
  • the 950 F. thermostat 177 is closed causing the burner to operate at maximum heat input, for example 30,000 Btu/hr, until the temperature at this thermostat is sensed to be 950 F. At this temperature, the thermostat contacts open to deenergize the winding 175 and decrease the heat input to a lower level, for example 25,000 Btu/hr.
  • temperatures in the unit remain constant until all waste materials are gone, that is, disposed of by the heat input. Thereupon, the heat input is automatically discontinued responsive to detected temperature variance in the enclosure of the unit.
  • temperatures in the unit rise rapidly and at ll50-l,200 F. contacts of a thermostat switch 188 close to place ground potential, the low level, on an input 189 of the gate 137.
  • the input 189 was maintained at the potential of the supply +V by way of a resistor 190.
  • the gate 137 includes an output 191 connected to an input 192 of the gate 138.
  • the low level placed on the input 189 by the thermostat switch 188 reverses the state of the multivibrator 137, 138 so that the output 142 of the gate 138, and hence, the input 156 of the gate 157 are at a high level. Since the input remains at a low level, the output 158 is at a high level. A high level at the input and at the input 159 of the gate 161 places a low level at the output 163 to render the transistor non-conductive.
  • the burner unit is therefore deenergized by the effective open circuit at the non-conducting transistor 165.
  • the motor 79 continues to run to exhaust air and initiate cooling of enclosure within the incinerator toilet. Thereby, maximum efficiency, with minimum fuel and power expenditure are attained because the control system automatically responds to waste load disposal requirements, i.e. short duration for small loads and proportionally larger duration for larger loads.
  • a limit thermostat 193 closes place a low level signal on an input 194 of the gate 135.
  • the input 194 was maintained at the supply voltage by way of a resistor 195 connected to the supply +V.
  • the low level now applied to the input 194 is derived over a resistor 196 having a capacitor 197 connected in shunt therewith.
  • the closure of the contacts of the limit thermostat 193 also places a low level on an input 198 of the gate 138 by way of a diode 199.
  • the input 198 was previously maintained at the potential of the supply +V by way of a resistor 200.
  • the energy remaining in the rotating motor upon deenergization is dissipated by way of a diode 201 and a resistor 202 connected in shunt with the motor 79. This energy discharge path prevents a reverse voltage buildup across the transistors 151 and 152. Upon deenergization of the motor the incinerator toilet is ready for the next cycle of operation.
  • the tire doors 34 are opened and the switches 168 and 171 are opened to deenergize a voltage divider comprising a resistor 203 and a resistor 204 and therefore place an input 205 of a gate 206 at a low level or ground potential.
  • a capacitor 204a across the resistor 204 serves to smooth the ripple due to the fuel wave rectified supply.
  • the gate 206 includes a second input 207 which is maintained at the supply potential +V by way of a resistor 208.
  • the gate 206 further includes an output 209 which jumps to a high level upon the opening of either or both of the switches 168 and 171.
  • the output 209 is connected to the base of a transistor 212 by way of a capacitor 210 and the base of the transistor 212 is further connected to ground by way of a resistor 211.
  • the capacitor 210 and the resistor 21 1 form a differentiator to differentiate the voltage change at the output 209 into a pulse for rendering the transistor 212 momentarily conductive. This same operation is also effective in opening the fire doors to utilize the toilet whereby the voltage shift at the elements 203-205 is translated into a setting pulse at the collector of the transistor 212.
  • Conduction of the transistor 212 momentarily places the input 198 of the gate 138 at ground or low level potential and insures that the state of the multivibrator 137, 138 is proper for restarting the sequence regardless of the time during the cycle at which the cover 24 was opened.
  • the collector of the transistor 212 is connected to the diode 199 which prevents resetting of the multivibrator 135, 136 and subsequent deenergization of the motor 79 due to the momentary grounding of the input 198.
  • the same diode 199 permits the multivibrator 137, 138 to be reset along with the multivibrator 135, 136 by the action of 150 F. thermostat 193.
  • a plurality of capacitors 167a, 189a and 194a have been provided to suppress transient at the respective inputs 167, 189 and 194 of gates 136, 137 and 135. Also, attention is invited that the switch 193 is not connected directly to ground, but utilizes a shunt connected resistor and capacitor, inasmuch as the contacts of the switch 193 remain closed until temperatures in the incinerator toilet rise. If the input 194 were connected directly to ground duringthis condition, the multivibrator would not change state when the cover switch 166 was closed. When the 150 F. limit switch 193 opens, the resistor 196 is employed for the purpose of discharging the capacitor 197 so it will be ready for the next closing of the contacts.
  • the circuit is also operable from a conventional direct current supply such as a 12 volt battery.
  • a switch or changeable terminal stn'p represented by the contacts 104-106, 109-111, 113-115, 117-119 and 177-181, all of which have been previously pointed out.
  • the switch or terminal strip further includes contacts 213-218. These switch contacts are illustrated as they would be engaged for AC operation; for DC operation their opposite engagement is effected.
  • a suitable supply is connected to the input terminals 100 and 101.
  • the terminal 101 is connected to a reference, here ground, by way of closed contacts 109 and 111.
  • the terminal 100 is connected to the switch 125 by way of the fuse 102, the interlock switch 103, and contacts 104 and 106.
  • the direct current potential necessary for operation of the gates and transistors is therefore made available directly from the external supply.
  • the ignition circuit is, however, modified for DC operation. Inorder to provide the necessary high voltage for reliable ignition at the gap 184, means are provided for generating the required voltage.
  • an oscillator inverter is provided comprising a transistor 220, the transformer 107, a resistor 221, a resistor 222, and a capacitor 223.
  • the base of the transistor 219 is connected by way of a resistor 224 and switch contacts 181, 179, 173, 176, 178, 106, 104 and switch 103 and fuse 102 to the input terminal 100.
  • the transistor 219 is therefore rendered conductive and establishes a path to ground for the emitter of the transistor 220 by way of the winding 112 and the contacts 117 and 119.
  • the direct current potential is further applied to the collector of the transistor 220 by way of the conductor 225, the conductor 124 and the contacts 218 and 216.
  • the same potential is applied to the base of the transistor 220 by way of the resistor 221 and the emitter of the transistor 220 is further connected to the base of the transistor by way of the winding 112, the switch contacts 113, and and the resistor 221.
  • the transistor 220 is therefore rendered operative in an oscillatory mode wherein the previously designated secondary winding 112 is now effective as a primary winding and the previously designated primary winding 108 is effective as a secondary winding, the switch contacts 213 and 215 being effective to place the capacitor 223 across the winding 108 and across the ignitor 174.
  • the left-hand portion of the winding 112 and the resistor 221 effect a positive feedback for the transistor 220 to sustain oscillations.
  • the transformer 107 is being employed in this instance as a step-up transformer; whereas, in AC operation it was employed as a step-down transformer.
  • the application of the required high level alternating voltage across the ignitor 174 energizes the ignitor to provide the necessary spark at the gap 184.
  • the burner ignites and the flame sensor 186 operates to open the switch and deenergize the winding 172.
  • Deenergization of the winding 172 opens the contact 173 to remove the enabling bias for the transistor 219 and tum-off the oscillator.
  • an incinerator toilet that is both efficient and safe has been set forth in an exemplary embodiment which may be controlled by connection to either AC or DC electrical supplies.
  • Incinerator toilet apparatus for human waste disposal comprising:
  • said after burner comprising duct means of substantial length extending along said wall and providing a second chamber contiguous and in heat exchange relation throughout most of its length to said first chamber into which products of combustion and vapor from the first chamber are further directed for super-heating the vapor and conversion thereof into odorless gases.
  • said means for producing heat comprises a burner nozzle for introducing flame into said first chamber, and means supporting solid waste in spaced generally horizontal alignment with the burner nozzle to be enveloped above and below by flame from the nozzle for incineration of the waste thereon.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 including means for containing liquid waste separate from the solid waste and elevated within said chamber below said supporting means for vaporization by heat from the flame and adapted to receive heat thereunder as well as thereabove.
  • said means for producing heat comprises a burner providing a soft flame to substantially fill said first chamber.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 including means for supporting solid waste material at an elevation in said first chamber, said means for producing heat comprising a gas flame nozzle aligned in spaced relation in a generally horizontal direction with said supporting means, and deflector structure between said nozzle and supporting means controlling a flame from the nozzle to move upwardly onto and downwardly under said supporting means and envelop said supporting means and thereby the material thereon to be incinerated.
  • Apparatus for waste disposal comprising:
  • a cover arranged to be moved between closing relation to said seat and open relation;
  • fire door means movable between open and closed position between said fire pot and said seat by respectively opening and closing of said cover;
  • said first chamber has front, rear and side walls, said means for producing heat comprising a flame producing burner extending through an opening in said rear wall, said front wall having an exit opening, said duct communicating with said exit opening and extending on said front wall to one of said side walls and then extending rearwardly on and along said one side wall, and suction and exhaust means communicating with the rear end of said duct.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by means for assuring superheating temperature on the order of l,O F. in said duct means.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by the afterburner second chamber having a wall in heat transfer relation to the combustion chamber to provide for temperatures therein in a range from 950 to 1,200 F.
  • the toilet of claim 1 further characterized by said afterburner including a second heating means to assist in the combustion of gases.
  • said duct means having a wall which is common with the first chamber wall so that heating of said first chamber wall by said means for producing heat will be directly effective in said second chamber.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising: a housing including a receptacle for receiving waste; movable door means for providing access to said receptacle and closing said housing during incineration; heating means energized to supply incinerating heat to the waste and exhaust means having a blower means for carrying 011 products of combustion; and control circuit including first switching means operated by said door means; v
  • first bistable circuit connected to said first switching means and to said blower means for energizing said blower means when conditioned to one of its bistable states by said first switching means, a second bistable circuit; and second switching means connecting said first and second bistable circuits to said heating means and operated by said first and second bistable circuits to prepare an energizing circuit for said heating means; said first switching means, including first switch contacts, serially connected in said energizing circuit and operated by said door means upon closure thereof to complete said energizing circuit and effect energization of said heating means. 14.
  • An incinerator toilet including a normally closed thermostat switch serially interposed in said energizing circuit of said heating means and disposed to sense the temperature of the exhaust gases, said normally closed thermostat switch operated to open said energizing circuit and terminate operation of said heating means upon detection of a predetermined temperature.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising an electrical supply conductor connected to said energizing circuit of said heating means, and a manually resettable normally closed heat sensitive switch serially interposed in said conductor and disposed to sense the temperature of the exhaust gases, said heat sensitive switch being operable to disable said control circuit until manually reset upon detection of a predetermined temperature.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising an exhaust detection switch having a movable switch operating member disposed to detect the flow effected by said blower means, said exhaust detection switch serially connected in said energizing circuit and normally open to prevent energization of said heating means until such flow has been established.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising electrical circuit means connected to said energizing circuit for electrically detecting the opening of said door means, said electrical circuit means connected to said second bistable circuit for reversing the state thereof and deenergizing said heating means upon the opening of said door means.
  • each of said bistable circuits includes a reset input, and comprising low temperature thermostat switch means connected to said reset inputs and disposed to sense exhaust temperature and operable to reset said bistable circuits upon cooling of the exhaust fiow to a predetermined temperature.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising electrical circuit means connected to said ener gizing circuit for electrically detecting the opening of said door means, said electrical circuit means connected to said reset input of said second bistable circuit to effect a state reversal thereof upon the opening of said door means for deenergizing said heating means, and isolation means connected between said two reset inputs to prevent resetting of said first bistable circuit and deenergization of said blower means upon the opening of said door means.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising a removable chamber included in said exhaust means for collecting solids in the exhaust flow, and a switch serially connected in said energizing circuit and disposed to be closed by said chamber when said chamber is properly positioned.
  • An incinerator toilet according to claim 13, comprising a cycle termination thermostat disposed to detect exhaust temperature, said cycle termination thermostat connected to said second bistable circuit and operable to reverse the state thereof and automatically terminate the incineration cycle upon detection of a predetermined exhaust temperature.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising:
  • a toilet seat mounted on said housing over the fire a cover pivotally movable between open and closed positions on said seat;
  • a fire door mounted for movement into and out of protective relation between said seat and said fire a rotary shaft;
  • crank means connecting said shaft with said fire door
  • transmission means operative between said cover and said shaft to effect rotation of said shaft and operation of the crank means to open the fire door when the cover is moved to open position, and to enable rotation of the shaft to operate the crank means to return the fire door to closing position when the cover is closed.
  • said transmission means including a vertically reciprocably guided plunger, a pinion corotatively carried by said shaft, a rack on said plunger meshing with said pinion, spring means normally biasing said plunger upwardly whereby to drive said shaft through said rack and pinion to operate said crank to close the fire door, a follower on the upper end of said plunger, and an actuating cam operatively connected with said cover and engaging said follower and operative when the cover is opened to act on said follower to depress said plunger in opposition to said biasing spring for thereby effecting rotation of said shaft by means of said rack and pinion to operate said crank means to open said fire door.
  • Apparatus for waste disposal comprising:
  • a cover arranged to be moved between closing relation to said seat and open relation;
  • fire door means movable between open and closed position by respectively opening and closing of said cover
  • said means for directing flame being located to direct the flame also against and under said pan to vaporize the liquid waste.
  • Apparatus for waste disposal comprising:
  • a cover arranged to be moved between closing relation to said seat and open relation;
  • fire door means movable between open and closed position by respectively opening and closing of said cover
  • said fire pot having a wall provided with an opening; said flame directing means comprising a burner nozzle located at said opening and pointing toward said edge of the grate;
  • Apparatus according to claim 28 including a horizontal duct mounted on and extending along the wall of said fire pot in heat exchange relation and aligned with said outlet opening to receive products of combustion and vapors therefrom and providing a superheating chamber in which the vapors are converted into odorless gases.
  • Apparatus according to claim 29 in which said duct has an exit end, means providing a mixing chamber having an opening aligned with said exit end, and means providing a draft into said mixing chamber to draw the gases from said exit end and cooling air into the mixing chamber.
  • Apparatus according to claim 30, including means supporting said mixing chamber means removably so that it can be removed from the ap paratus and cleaned.
  • Incinerator toilet apparatus for human waste disposal comprising:
  • duct means extending along said wall and providing a second chamber contiguous and in heat exchange relation to said first chamber into which products of combustion and vapor from the first chamber are directed for superheating the vapor and conversion thereof into odorless gases;
  • said chamber has front, rear and side walls, said means for producing heat comprising a flame producing burner extending through an opening in said rear wall;
  • said front wall having an exit opening
  • said duct communicating with said exit opening and extending on said front wall to one of said side walls and then extending rearwardly on and along said one side wall;
  • suction and exhaust means communicating with the rear end of said duct
  • suction and exhaust means comprising a vertically extending mixing chamber having provision in the lower portion thereof for communication with the rear end of the duct and for entry into the mixing chamber of cooling air;
  • exhaust suction blower fan means communicating with said exhaust opening.
  • An incinerator toilet including:
  • a grate for maintaining solid waste material separate from and above liquid waste
  • a flame producing atmospheric gas burner operating on ordinary line or tank pressure and having a nozzle horizontally aligned in spaced relation to the grate;
  • An incinerator toilet including:
  • a flame producing atmospheric gas burner operating on ordinary line or tank pressure and having a nozzle positioned in said first chamber for incineration of wastes;
  • an afterburner comprising:
  • duct means providing a second chamber into which products of combustion and vapor from the first chamber are further directed for superheating the vapor
  • the toilet of claim 34 further characterized by said afterburner including a second heating means to assist in the combustion of gases.
  • the toilet of claim 35 further characterized by said heating means including a gas flame nozzle.
  • Incinerator toilet apparatus for human waste disposal comprising:
  • an afterburner comprising duct means of substantial length extending along said wall and providing a second chamber contiguous and in heat exchange relation throughout most of its length to said first chamber into which products of combustion and vapor from the first chamber are further directed for superheating the vapor and conversion thereof into odorless gases;
  • suction and exhaust fan means communicating with the upper portion of said mixing chamber.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising:
  • means including a generally horizontally disposed perforated grate for receiving material to be incinerated thereon;
  • an atmospheric gas burner operating on ordinary line or tank pressure and having a nozzle horizontally aligned in spaced relation to one edge of said grate;
  • An incinerator toilet according to claim 38 in cluding deflector baffle means on and in front of said nozzle to deflect flame therefrom partially over and partially under the grate.
  • An incinerator toilet according to claim 38 wherein said means defining a combustion chamber comprises a fire pot having an exit opening spaced from an edge of said grate opposite to the edge toward which the nozzle is directed, and a superheating chamber comprising a duct communicating with said exit opening and extending horizontally in heat-exchange relation along a wall of the fire pot for heat transfer through the wall into the superheating chamber.
  • An incinerator toilet comprising:
  • electrically controlled means operable to provide heat to incinerate such material in the fire pot
  • a cover arranged to be moved between closing relation to said seat and an open relation
  • means for effecting movement of the fire doors including a pair of vertically movable plungers each of which has a follower on its upper end and respective driving apparatus connecting the plunger with its fire door;
  • An incinerator toilet according to claim 41 including respective rotary shafts, crank means carried by the shafts and pivotally connected with the respective fire doors, means effecting respective operative driving connections between the plungers and the shafts, and means operated by the shafts for controlling the control switches in the operation of said fire doors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Non-Flushing Toilets (AREA)
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US3780677A (en) * 1972-06-28 1973-12-25 Mere Ind Inc Incinerator and ignition system combination
US3837012A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-09-24 Eliminex Technology Inc Incinerating toilet
US3855645A (en) * 1972-05-04 1974-12-24 J West Incinerating commode
US3858251A (en) * 1971-08-03 1975-01-07 Polar Ware Co Incinerator toilet
US3867729A (en) * 1973-08-17 1975-02-25 Mere Ind Inc Incinerator
JPS5033646A (OSRAM) * 1973-07-27 1975-03-31
US3882552A (en) * 1973-05-02 1975-05-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Self-contained waste treatment system
US3885254A (en) * 1971-04-16 1975-05-27 James I West Incinerating commode
US3890654A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-06-24 Res Products Incinolet Corp Incinerator toilet vented by air ejector
USD242620S (en) 1975-12-04 1976-12-07 Lake Geneva A & C Corporation Incinerator toilet or the like
US4041555A (en) * 1971-08-19 1977-08-16 Cole David F Marine holding tank
US4051561A (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-10-04 Lake Geneva A & C Corporation Store and burn incinerating toilet and method
US6763528B2 (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-07-20 James West Incinerating commode
EP3892175A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2021-10-13 Stefan Johansson Compact waste combustion system
WO2022175466A1 (en) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Cinderella Technology As Incinerating toilet with a locking device
US11471012B2 (en) * 2018-04-16 2022-10-18 Cinderella Technology As Incinerating toilet with a lifting device
US11753838B1 (en) * 2022-02-09 2023-09-12 Gaylord Dean Hill Portable toilet

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US3885254A (en) * 1971-04-16 1975-05-27 James I West Incinerating commode
US3890654A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-06-24 Res Products Incinolet Corp Incinerator toilet vented by air ejector
US3858251A (en) * 1971-08-03 1975-01-07 Polar Ware Co Incinerator toilet
US4041555A (en) * 1971-08-19 1977-08-16 Cole David F Marine holding tank
US3855645A (en) * 1972-05-04 1974-12-24 J West Incinerating commode
US3780677A (en) * 1972-06-28 1973-12-25 Mere Ind Inc Incinerator and ignition system combination
US3837012A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-09-24 Eliminex Technology Inc Incinerating toilet
US3882552A (en) * 1973-05-02 1975-05-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Self-contained waste treatment system
JPS5033646A (OSRAM) * 1973-07-27 1975-03-31
US3867729A (en) * 1973-08-17 1975-02-25 Mere Ind Inc Incinerator
US4051561A (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-10-04 Lake Geneva A & C Corporation Store and burn incinerating toilet and method
USD242620S (en) 1975-12-04 1976-12-07 Lake Geneva A & C Corporation Incinerator toilet or the like
US6763528B2 (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-07-20 James West Incinerating commode
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US11471012B2 (en) * 2018-04-16 2022-10-18 Cinderella Technology As Incinerating toilet with a lifting device
EP3892175A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2021-10-13 Stefan Johansson Compact waste combustion system
US20210348757A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2021-11-11 Stefan Johansson Compact waste combustion system
US11959635B2 (en) * 2020-04-10 2024-04-16 Stefan Johansson Compact waste combustion system
US20240410574A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2024-12-12 Stefan Johansson Compact waste combustion system
US12345413B2 (en) * 2020-04-10 2025-07-01 Stefan Johansson Compact waste combustion system
WO2022175466A1 (en) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Cinderella Technology As Incinerating toilet with a locking device
US12220091B2 (en) 2021-02-22 2025-02-11 Cinderella Technology As Incinerating toilet with a locking device
US11753838B1 (en) * 2022-02-09 2023-09-12 Gaylord Dean Hill Portable toilet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2166256C3 (OSRAM) 1974-12-12
DE2112810B2 (de) 1973-11-22
DE2112810C3 (OSRAM) 1974-06-20
DE2166256A1 (de) 1973-05-30
DE2166255A1 (de) 1973-05-30
DE2112810A1 (de) 1972-01-27
DE2166256B2 (OSRAM) 1974-05-09
CA933301A (en) 1973-09-11

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