US3693570A - Hydrofoil watercraft - Google Patents

Hydrofoil watercraft Download PDF

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Publication number
US3693570A
US3693570A US145180A US3693570DA US3693570A US 3693570 A US3693570 A US 3693570A US 145180 A US145180 A US 145180A US 3693570D A US3693570D A US 3693570DA US 3693570 A US3693570 A US 3693570A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hydrofoil
watercraft
fore
side portions
central portion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US145180A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ivan Ivanovich Erlykin
Alexandr Ivanovich Vasin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Korotkov
Vadim Yakovlevich Maximov
Ivan Ivanovich Matveev
Vladimir Alexandrovic Kadyshev
Valentin Vladimirovich Volkov
Vladlen Borisovich Firsel
Vladimir Dmitrievich Bulatkin
Igor Evgenievich Malekhanov
Stanislav Nikolaevich Suldin
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Individual
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Priority claimed from SU1465851A external-priority patent/SU365096A2/ru
Priority claimed from SU1498470A external-priority patent/SU366681A2/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
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Publication of US3693570A publication Critical patent/US3693570A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Watercraft has a fore hydrofoil and an aft carried hydrofoil arranged in the tandem manner.
  • the fore hydrofoil includes a central portion and two side portions of which the upper extremities are located above the water line corresponding to the cruising speed of the watercraft.
  • angles of deadrise, or lateral rise of the side portions of the fore hydrofoil are diminishing in the direction from the diametral central plane of the watercraft toward the sides thereof. This diminishing of the angles of lateral rise starts from the depth of submergence in respect of the cruising speed water line, not smaller than half a chord of the fore hydrofoil measured in place of intersection thereof with the water line corresponding to the cruising speed.
  • the present invention relates to the art of building watercraft, and, more particularly, it relates to hydrofoil watercraft.
  • the present invention can be incorporated to the utmost advantage in hydrofoil watercraft with the socalled tandem arrangement of the hydrofoils thereof.
  • the weight of such watercraft at a cruising speed of its travel is taken up by the dynamic lift forces furnished by the fore and aft carrier hydrofoils mounted downward of the hull of the watercraft, respectively, to the fore and to the aft of the gravity I center thereof.
  • the spacing between the fore and aft carrier hydrofoils is selected so that the aft hydrofoil should always be at the rising incline of the water wave produced on account of the deformation of the free surface of water behind the fore hydrofoil, as the watercraft is travelling at a cruising speed.
  • the fore hydrofoil of such hydrofoi watercraft has the angle of deadrise or lateral rise of the side portions thereof either permanent or gradually increasing in the direction from the diametral central plane of the watercraft toward the sides thereof.
  • hydrofoil watercraft having the fore hydrofoil of the above described structure is the considerable overall width dimensions of the hydrofoil, resulting from the necessity of ensuring sufficient seaworthiness and roll stability of the watercraft, when it travels on the hydrofoils.
  • the side portions of the fore hydrofoil have, in accordance with the present invention, the angles of deadrise, or lateral rise diminishing in the direction from the diametral central plane of the craft, such diminishing starting from the depth of submergence of said side portions in respect of the cruising speed water line, which is not smaller than half a chord of said fore hydrofoil in place of intersection thereof with the surface of water at said cruising speed, the central portion of said hydrofoil having the angles of lateral rise thereof not exceeding the respective angles of lateral rise of said side portions at the points where they merge with said central portion.
  • the incidence angles of the normal sections of the central portion should be smaller than the incidence angles of the normal sections of the side portions located at the depth of submergence (at a cruising speed) in excess of half a chord of the fore hydrofoil, measured in place of intersection thereof with the surface of water at a cruising speed.
  • a stabilizer mounted above the fore hydrofoil, this stabilizer being formed as a foil having the span thereof not smaller than the width of the hull of the watercraft at the point where the stabilizer is mounted thereon.
  • the height of the stabilizer above the fore hydrofoil should not exceed the chord of the upper extremities of the side portions of the fore hydrofoil.
  • said stabilizer prefferably be of a split structure and for the spacing between the internal ends of the two portions, facing the diametral central plane of the watercraft, not to exceed the width of the hull of the watercraft at the area where the stabilizer is mounted thereon.
  • middle hydrofoil having a relatively small angle of lateral rise and a span not smaller than the width of the hull of the watercraft at the bilge thereof at the point where the middle hydrofoil is mounted thereon.
  • flaps pivotally mounted on the central portion of the fore hydrofoil and on the side end portions of the aft hydrofoil, symmetrically in respect 'of the diametral central plane of the watercraft, these flaps being meant to assist in stabilization of the watercraft when it travels on rough seas.
  • the structure of a hydrofoil watercraft embodying the present invention increases the efficiency of the interaction of the tandem-arranged hydrofoils and thus improves the hydrodynamic properties of the watercraft both at a cruising speed and during transitory periods of its travel; it furnishes improved seaworthiness, combined with a reduced overall width of the fore hydrofoil.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the perspective general view of a hydrofoil watercraft embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the hull portion of the watercraft (a side view with the cruising speed waterline indicated);
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the fore and the aft carrier hydrofoils in an operating position at a cruising speed (an axonometric projection);
  • FIG. 4 is a view taken along the arrow line A in FIG. 2 at the fore hydrofoil (for convenience, the struts and the stabilizer are not shown);
  • FIG. 5 is a view taken along arrow line B in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C- C in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D D in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 2 (with an alternative structure of the stabilizer);
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 11 is a longitudinally sectional view along the diametral central plane of the watercraft (with indication of the waterlines corresponding to various phases of the travel of the watercraft).
  • a hydrofoil watercraft comprises body 1 (FIG. 1) on the hull of which there are mounted by means of struts 2 a fore, or bow carrier hydrofoil 3 and an aft, or stem carrier hydrofoil 4.
  • l-Iydrofoils 3 and 4 which are arranged one behind the other in the tandem" fashion, respectively, forwardly and backwardly of gravity centre 5 (FIG. 2) of the watercraft, are adapted to create a hydrodynamic lifting force taking up the weight of the watercraft when the latter travels at a cruising speed.
  • Fore hydrofoil 3 includes a horizontal central portion sured at the point where side hydrofoil portions 3b intersect the surface of water at a cruising speed of th watercraft.
  • the aft, or stern hydrofoil 4 is disposed backwardly of fore hydrofoil 3, at such a distance from the latter that aft hydrofoil 4 should be positioned at rising incline 6a of the water wave (FIGS. 2 and 3) formed on account of the deformation of the free surface of water backwardly of fore carrier hydrofoil 3 at a cruising speed of the watercraft.
  • Each one of two side portions 3b of force hydrofoil 3 has varying angle d), 4: and 5 (FIG. 4) of lateral rise, diminishing in the direction from the diametral, or central plane 7 of the watercraft toward the respective sides of the watercraft, so that the following condition is maintained: (1), This relationship between the angles (b, (1) 4a, of dead rise or lateral rise is true, starting from depth h measured from water line 6, this depth of submergence 11" being not less than one half of the abovementioned chord 0" of fore hydrofoil 3.
  • Angle 4b, of dead rise or lateral rise of central portion 3a of hydrofoil 3 should not be greater than angle qS, of lateral rise of side portions 3b at points where they merge with central portion 3a; for example, angle 11 may be equal to zero, as is shown in solid lines in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • central portion 30 has the angle of dead rise or lateral rise equalling zero or some angle (1),, of lateral rise, smaller than angle 4)
  • the incidence a, (FIG. 6) of the normal section C-C of the central portion are smaller than incidences oz (FIG. 7) of the normal sections D-D of the side portions 3b at a depth of submergence I-I greater than half chord 0" (FIG. 8).
  • stabilizer 8 Disposed to the aft of fore hydrofoil 3, at height K (FIG. 8) above side portions 3b thereof, this height K not exceeding endmost chord 0 (FIG. 5) of these side portions, is stabilizer 8 shaped as a foil of which span L is either greater than or equal to width M of hull l of the watercraft at the area where stabilizer 8 is mounted.
  • the stabilizer 8 may be composed from two portions (FIG. 9) arranged symmetrically in respect of diametral or central plane 7 of the watercraft. In this case spacing N" between the innermost ends of these portions 8a, facing diametral plane 7 of the watercraft, is smaller than width M of the hull l of the watercraft at the area adjacent to stabilizer 8.
  • middle hydrofoil 9 Disposed intermediate of fore and aft hydrofoils 3 and 4, to the aft of the gravity centre 5 of the watercraft and above water line 6 corresponding to the cruising speed is middle hydrofoil 9 (FIG. 10) having relatively small angle d), of lateral rise, preferably, below 15, span P of this middle hydrofoil 9 being greater than width R of hull 1 of the watercraft at the bilge thereof, at the area where the hydrofoil 9 is mounted.
  • flap 10 Pivotally mounted on the central portion 3a of the fore hydrofoil 3, symmetrically in respect of diametral plane 7 of the watercraft, is flap 10 (FIG. 1); similar flaps 11 (FIG. 1) are mounted on the sidemost portions of aft hydrofoil 4.
  • hydrofoil 3 As the abovedescribed hydrofoil watercraft travels at a cruising speed, fore hydrofoil 3 thereof deforms the free surface of water, producing a wave at the rising incline of which aft hydrofoil 4 operates.
  • Fore hydrofoil 3 featuring, in accordance with the present invention, diminishing angles (1), 4: and (p of dead rise or lateral rise of side portions 3b thereof in the direction toward the free surface of water and the suggested ratio of incidences 0: and a, there is ensured more uniform profile 12 (FIG.
  • stabilizer 8 increases the dynamic lift and thus helps the bow part of the hull to clear the water at low speeds.
  • stabilizer 8 provides the reserve of board stability of the watercraft during transitory periods of its travel, when the bow part of hull 1 is clearing the water, while side portions 3b of hydrofoil 3, spaced from hull 1 to increase the seaworthiness of the watercraft, are still submerged, e.g., when the water line occupies the position shown by line 14 in FIG. 1 1.
  • Middle hydrofoil 9 which makes an effective use of the incline of the stream produced by fore hydrofoil 3 during transitory periods and which has a relatively small angle d), of dead rise or lateral rise, provides, while having high hydrodynamic properties, an increase of the total dynamic lift and the reduction of the degree of splashing of the stern part of the hull, on account of the deformation of the stream of water directed onto the stern part, e.g. when the water line occupies the position illustrated by line 15 in FIG. 11. Consequently, the resistance encountered by the watercraft, when it is lifting to travel on the hydrofoils, is reduced, and the starting properties thereof are improved.
  • Pivotal flaps l0 and 11 controlled by an automatic stabilization system (not shown in the appended drawings), are meant to compensate at least partly for the action of disturbance forces appearing when the watercraft travels on rough seas, in which way the level of overloads can be reduced and the conditions of the passengers and the crew of the watercraft, when the latter travels on rough seas, can be improved, which brings about increased seaworthiness.
  • the efficiency of the performance of pivotal flaps l0 and 11 is provided for by their appropriate positioning and the structural features of hydrofoils 3 and 4, which have been described hereinabove.
  • the herein disclosed hydrofoil watercraft can make use of any other known means adapted to adjust the lift of hydrofoils '3 and 4, e.g. means effecting aerotion of the surfaces of the hydrofoils.
  • a hydrofoil watercraft comprising: a hull, a fore carrier hydrofoil and an aft carrier hydrofoil attached to the bottom portion of said hull, respectively, to the fore and to the aft from the gravity center of said watercraft, whereby said fore and aft hydrofoils make up a tandem" watercraft-supporting system; said fore carrier hydrofoil including a central portion and two side portions merging with said central portion, the respective upper ends of said side portions being located above the water line of said watercraft at a cruising speed thereof, each one of said side portions of said fore hydrofoil having its angles of lateral rise diminishing in the direction from the diametral central plane of said watercraft toward the respective sides thereof, such diminishing starting from the depth of submergence of said side portions in respect of said cruising speed water line, which is not smaller than half of the chord of said fore hydrofoil in place of its intersection thereof with the surface of water at said cruising speed; said central portion
  • angles of dead rise or lateral rise of said central portion of said fore hydrofoil are smaller than the angles of dead rise or lateral rise of said side portions of said fore hydrofoil at the points where said side portions merge with said central portion, the incidence angles of the normal sections of said central portion being smaller than the respective incidence angles of the normal sections of said side portions at the areas of said side portions which are located at a depth of submergence greater than half a chord of said fore hydrofoil, measured at the point where said fore hydrofoil intersects the surface of water at a cruising speed of said watercraft.
  • a hydrofoil watercraft according to claim 2 comprising a stabilizer mounted above said fore hydrofoil, said stabilizer including a foil having the span thereof not smaller than the width of said hull of said watercraft at the area thereof, where said stabilizer is positioned.
  • a hydrofoil watercraft comprising a middle hydrofoil disposed intermediate of said fore hydrofoil and said aft hydrofoil, to the aft from said gravity center of said watercraft and above said cruising speed water line thereof, said middle hydrofoil having a relatively small angle of dead rise or lateral

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
US145180A 1970-09-07 1971-05-20 Hydrofoil watercraft Expired - Lifetime US3693570A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1465851A SU365096A2 (fr) 1970-09-07 1970-09-07
SU1498470A SU366681A2 (fr) 1970-12-09 1970-12-09

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US3693570A true US3693570A (en) 1972-09-26

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US145180A Expired - Lifetime US3693570A (en) 1970-09-07 1971-05-20 Hydrofoil watercraft

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US (1) US3693570A (fr)
BE (1) BE767079A (fr)
CA (1) CA950279A (fr)
DE (1) DE2121338C3 (fr)
NO (1) NO132344C (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4484721A (en) * 1983-01-12 1984-11-27 Gue Frank S Waterplanes employing a hydrofoil structure as landing gear
US4627376A (en) * 1981-09-21 1986-12-09 Corrado Scarfo Watercraft provided with trim stabilizers utilizing different fluids
US5592895A (en) * 1992-06-16 1997-01-14 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Small waterplane area high speed ship
US6070543A (en) * 1998-03-30 2000-06-06 A'lateef; Nmngani Watercraft
US6148756A (en) * 1994-12-23 2000-11-21 Mtd Marine Technology Development Ltd. Method and mechanism for dynamic trim of a fast moving, planning or semi-planning ship hull
US6499419B1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2002-12-31 Robert W. Bussard Hydrofoil wing system for monohull keel boat
US6805068B1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2004-10-19 Raimer Tossavainen Hydrofoil system for lifting a boat partially out of water an amount sufficient to reduce drag
US6948441B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2005-09-27 Levine Gerald A Shock limited hydrofoil system
US20060070565A1 (en) * 2003-02-10 2006-04-06 Levine Gerald A Shock limited hydrofoil system
US20060124044A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2006-06-15 Pieter Van Oossanen Vessel provided with a foil situated below the waterline
US20060150885A1 (en) * 2003-01-10 2006-07-13 Salvatore Proto Lifting device for fully planing or semi-planing watercrafts
US20070017428A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2007-01-25 Pieter Van Oossanen Vessel provided with a foil situated below the waterline
FR2972172A1 (fr) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-07 Nc Race Boats Bateau equipe d'au moins une surface porteuse partiellement immergee

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19507691A1 (de) * 1995-03-04 1996-09-05 Hohnberg Dirk Solar-Tragflächenboot in Papierwaben-Leichtbauweise mit oberflächendurchstoßenden Tragflächen
RU2705510C1 (ru) * 2019-04-12 2019-11-07 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Паритет-Центр" Носовое крыльевое устройство

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3373710A (en) * 1966-06-01 1968-03-19 Steinberg Amiram Hydrofoil boat
US3464377A (en) * 1966-02-07 1969-09-02 Supramar Ag Automatically stabilized hydrofoil boat

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3464377A (en) * 1966-02-07 1969-09-02 Supramar Ag Automatically stabilized hydrofoil boat
US3373710A (en) * 1966-06-01 1968-03-19 Steinberg Amiram Hydrofoil boat

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4627376A (en) * 1981-09-21 1986-12-09 Corrado Scarfo Watercraft provided with trim stabilizers utilizing different fluids
US4484721A (en) * 1983-01-12 1984-11-27 Gue Frank S Waterplanes employing a hydrofoil structure as landing gear
US5592895A (en) * 1992-06-16 1997-01-14 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Small waterplane area high speed ship
US6148756A (en) * 1994-12-23 2000-11-21 Mtd Marine Technology Development Ltd. Method and mechanism for dynamic trim of a fast moving, planning or semi-planning ship hull
US6070543A (en) * 1998-03-30 2000-06-06 A'lateef; Nmngani Watercraft
US6499419B1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2002-12-31 Robert W. Bussard Hydrofoil wing system for monohull keel boat
US20060124044A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2006-06-15 Pieter Van Oossanen Vessel provided with a foil situated below the waterline
US20070017428A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2007-01-25 Pieter Van Oossanen Vessel provided with a foil situated below the waterline
US7617793B2 (en) 2002-08-28 2009-11-17 Van Oossanen & Associates Vessel provided with a foil situated below the waterline
US20060150885A1 (en) * 2003-01-10 2006-07-13 Salvatore Proto Lifting device for fully planing or semi-planing watercrafts
US6948441B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2005-09-27 Levine Gerald A Shock limited hydrofoil system
US20060070565A1 (en) * 2003-02-10 2006-04-06 Levine Gerald A Shock limited hydrofoil system
US7182036B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2007-02-27 Levine Gerald A Shock limited hydrofoil system
US6805068B1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2004-10-19 Raimer Tossavainen Hydrofoil system for lifting a boat partially out of water an amount sufficient to reduce drag
FR2972172A1 (fr) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-07 Nc Race Boats Bateau equipe d'au moins une surface porteuse partiellement immergee

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO132344B (fr) 1975-07-21
DE2121338B2 (de) 1975-04-30
NO132344C (fr) 1975-10-29
CA950279A (en) 1974-07-02
BE767079A (fr) 1971-10-01
DE2121338C3 (de) 1975-12-11
DE2121338A1 (de) 1972-03-16

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