US3693241A - Manufacture of foil seals - Google Patents

Manufacture of foil seals Download PDF

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US3693241A
US3693241A US76339A US3693241DA US3693241A US 3693241 A US3693241 A US 3693241A US 76339 A US76339 A US 76339A US 3693241D A US3693241D A US 3693241DA US 3693241 A US3693241 A US 3693241A
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foil
conductor
molybdenum
thickness
welding
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Elmer G Fridrich
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ELMER G FRIDRICH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
    • H01J9/323—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device
    • H01J9/326—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device making pinched-stem or analogous seals

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  • ABSTRACT Molybdenum foils for pinch sealing into quartz are etched using shields which protect selected welding areas at each end from the action of the electrolyte. Etching provides feathered edges all around but leaves thicker areas under the shields to which the inleads and electrodes are welded without any need for extra tabs to facilitate welding or to increase the current carrying capacity.
  • the inlead and electrode have spade ends coextensive with the thicker areas in the foils to which they are welded.
  • the invention relates to foil or ribbon seals into vitreous envelopes of glass or quartz in lamp manufacturing.
  • the high temperature required for softening quartz restricts the choice of metals available for sealing through it in practice to molybdenum and tungsten, both of which have coefficients of expansion much greater than quartz.
  • the conductor is shaped at least over the hermetically sealing portion as a thin ribbon or foil. The foil portion goes into tension without rupturing when the quartz cools and cracking or shaling of the quartz is avoided.
  • a minimum ratio of about 100 to 1 between width and thickness is necessary in the foil and in the thicker foils there should be a taper angle not exceeding about 5 to the edges.
  • Foils having such cross section can be obtained by rolling or etching. Longitudinally rolled one piece molybdenum wire leads are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,667,595 Noel et al. and are particularly suitable for lower currents. For higher currents or where heavier electrodes have to be supported by the foils during the sealing process, etched foils are preferred. An inlead conductor is welded to one end of the etched foil and an electrode or electrode support wire is welded to the other end.
  • etching ofthe foils is done in such fashion as to leave a thicker region at each end of the foil to which the inlead and'the electrode conductors are welded.
  • This may conveniently be done by providing shielding means at each end of the foil to protect the selected areas from the action of the electrolyte.
  • Electrolytic etching in an alkali solution then provides feathered edges all around but leaves thicker regions or plateaus under the clamps.
  • the inlead and the inner conductor which supports the electrode or energy translation element such as a filament may readily be welded to these thicker regions without any need for extra tabs to build up the thickness and facilitate welding or increase the current carrying capacity.
  • the inlead and electrode ends next the foil are spade-shaped and match the thicker areas in the foils to which they are welded. This assures maximum strength and currentcarrying capacity, and avoids foil sections projecting laterally into the quartz next to the welds which are too thick or insufficiently feathered to bond to the quartz.
  • FIG. 1 shows in partly schematic form a set up for electrolytic etching of foil according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a, b and c are respectively plan, longitudinal section, and transverse section views of etched foil according to the invention with the thickness shown exaggerated for ease of illustration. The sections are taken along the section lines conventionally indicated.
  • FIGS. 3a and b show a welded inlead-foil-electrode assembly in plan and side views respectively.
  • FIG. 4 shows a complete discharge lamp with pinch seals utilizing etched foils in accordance with the invent1on.
  • a pinch seal having a current capacity of 50 amperes utilizes as starting material a molybdenum foil 0.0065 inch thick by three-fourths inch wide by 1 inch long.
  • the foil is electrolytically etched to provide feathered edges all around and thicker welding areas at both ends. This may be done in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Tl-le foil 1 is inserted between the legs of a springy metal clamp or holder 2 whose lower extremities are covered with thick insulating boots or shields 3 of flexible and resilient plastic material, suitably polyethylene.
  • the plastic shields are slit on the inside near their lower extremities so as to permit penetration by the molybdenum foil up to contact of the clamp by the edge of the foil.
  • the plastic shields protect the portions of the foil which penetrates into the slits and the ends of the clamp 2 from the action of the electrolyte.
  • the other electrode consists of a ring-shaped copper band 4 which is supported by a copper conductor 5 to which electrical connections are made.
  • the molybdenum foil 1 and the ring electrode 4 are supported in the same plane in a basin '6 which is filled with the electrolyte, suitably a 20 percent solution of sodium hydroxide:
  • etching is preferred and a current of 25 to 50 amperes is suitable for the size of foil illustrated.
  • Etching is most rapid at the edges and is a maximum at the corners of the foil. This causes the comers to become rounded and the edges to become feathered as illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 20.
  • etching takes place all over except in the areas inserted into the shields 3 where the electrolyte does not have access to the foil. This results in thicker areas or plateaus 8,9 at both ends of the foil which remain at the original thickness of 0.0065 inch. From the thicker areas, the thickness tapers gradually to that of the foil.
  • the thickness in the central part may be approximately half what it is at the thicker areas, as illustrated in FIG. 2b. Where the original thickness was 0.0065 inch, the thickness along the medial line after etching may be 0.0035 inch. The thickness tapers substantially to zero at the edges, except at the shoulders 10 of the thicker areas 8,9 where the original foil thickness remains unchanged.
  • the etching process according to the invention results in a taper in thickness in the merging regions 8',9' up to the welding plateaus 8,9 which increases the current carrying capacity.
  • it is in the region immediately around the weld points that excessive heating takes place and sets the limit on the current carrying capacity of the foil.
  • the tapering in thickness up to the welding plateaus in the foils prepared in accordance with my invention means that the limit in current capacity is set by the overall heating of the foil. Overall heating is determined by the cross sectional area so that the current carrying capacity is increased severalfold.
  • FIGS. 3a and b illustrate an inlead assembly utilizing the etched molybdenum foil 1 of the invention extending between a rod-like molybdenum inlead conductor 11 and a rod-like tungsten electrode 12.
  • Both the inlead and electrode are spread or flattened at 11a, 12a, suitably by not swaging, resulting in spade-shaped ends next to the foils.
  • the spade-ends match the thicker areas 8,9 projecting at the ends of the foils and they are substantially coextensive in area.
  • the spade ends and thicker regions in the foil are first coated with a slurry of tungsten, molybdenum, and rhenium powders and fired in hydrogen. The parts are then pressed together and electric-welded.
  • the thickness of the spade-ends is not critical because they do not seal to the quartz and 0.010 inch is convenient. ln FIGS. 2b, 2c and 3b the thickness of the foil has been greatly exaggerated to permit illustration.
  • the combination of spade ends on the inlead and electrode matching the thicker nonetched regions in the foils achieves maximum strength current-carrying current capacity. At the same time, weakness in the quartz from laterally projecting unfeathered sections which are incapable of bonding is avoided.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a high-intensity compact source lamp 13 comprising a thick-walled quartz envelope 14 containing an ionizable filling such as indium iodide.
  • Etched foil inlead assemblies made according to the present invention are pinched-sealed at 15 and 16 into the ends of the envelope and support anode and cathode l7 and 18 respectively.
  • the use of etched foils according to the invention in the dimensions previously stated permits currents up to 50 amperes without overheating the seals.
  • the method of making foil-conductor assemblies for sealing into vitreous material which comprises electrolytically etching a refractory metal foil while shielding an area at each end of the foil from the electrolyte in order to provide feathered edges all around and thicker areas at the ends which taper gradually to the thickness of the foil, and welding conductors to said thickened areas.
  • each end of said foil is contacted by an end portion of a conductor covered by a boot of flexible resilient insulating materia1 having a slit therein accommodating an end of said foil whereby, after etching, a shielded portion of undiminished thickness is left at each end of said foil; and welding a conductor to each shielded portion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Molybdenum foils for pinch sealing into quartz are etched using shields which protect selected welding areas at each end from the action of the electrolyte. Etching provides feathered edges all around but leaves thicker areas under the shields to which the inleads and electrodes are welded without any need for extra tabs to facilitate welding or to increase the current carrying capacity. In a preferred foil-inlead construction, the inlead and electrode have spade ends coextensive with the thicker areas in the foils to which they are welded.

Description

United States Patent Fridrich 51 Se t. 26, 1972 [54] MANUFACTURE OF FOIL SEALS [72] Inventor: Elmer G. Fridrlch, 9933 Wilson Mills, Chardon, Ohio 44024 [22] Filed: Aug. 27, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 76,339
Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 734,910, June 6, 1968,
Pat. No. 3,582,704.
[52] U.S. Cl ..29/475, 29/488 [51] Int. Cl. ..B23k 31/02 [58] Field of Search ..313/217, 331, 332; 29/488, 29/475 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,761,208 9/1956 Mitchell ..29/475 2,966,607 12/1960 Thouret ..313/217 X 3,250,941 5/1966 Wilson et a1 ..313/217 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 982,369 1/1951 France ..313/217 5/1961 Germany ..313/332 8/1954 Great Britain ..313/331 Primary Examiner-John F. Campbell Assistant Examiner--Ronald .1. Shore Attorney-Ernest W. Legree, Henry P. Truesdell, Frank L. Neuhauser, Oscar B. Waddell and Melvin M. Goldenberg [5 7] ABSTRACT Molybdenum foils for pinch sealing into quartz are etched using shields which protect selected welding areas at each end from the action of the electrolyte. Etching provides feathered edges all around but leaves thicker areas under the shields to which the inleads and electrodes are welded without any need for extra tabs to facilitate welding or to increase the current carrying capacity. In a preferred foil-inlead construction, the inlead and electrode have spade ends coextensive with the thicker areas in the foils to which they are welded.
8 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures MANUFACTURE OF FOIL SEALS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to foil or ribbon seals into vitreous envelopes of glass or quartz in lamp manufacturing. The high temperature required for softening quartz restricts the choice of metals available for sealing through it in practice to molybdenum and tungsten, both of which have coefficients of expansion much greater than quartz. To avoid cracking the quartz upon cooling, the conductor is shaped at least over the hermetically sealing portion as a thin ribbon or foil. The foil portion goes into tension without rupturing when the quartz cools and cracking or shaling of the quartz is avoided.
For reliable sealing, a minimum ratio of about 100 to 1 between width and thickness is necessary in the foil and in the thicker foils there should be a taper angle not exceeding about 5 to the edges. Foils having such cross section can be obtained by rolling or etching. Longitudinally rolled one piece molybdenum wire leads are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,667,595 Noel et al. and are particularly suitable for lower currents. For higher currents or where heavier electrodes have to be supported by the foils during the sealing process, etched foils are preferred. An inlead conductor is welded to one end of the etched foil and an electrode or electrode support wire is welded to the other end.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In welding conductors to thin foil, frequently the foil is burnt through and a defective weld results. Also the current carrying capacity of the combination is limited by that of the thin foil immediately next to the weld. The object of the invention is to provide a solution to these problems. 7
In accordance with my invention, etching ofthe foils is done in such fashion as to leave a thicker region at each end of the foil to which the inlead and'the electrode conductors are welded. This may conveniently be done by providing shielding means at each end of the foil to protect the selected areas from the action of the electrolyte. Electrolytic etching in an alkali solution then provides feathered edges all around but leaves thicker regions or plateaus under the clamps. The inlead and the inner conductor which supports the electrode or energy translation element such as a filament may readily be welded to these thicker regions without any need for extra tabs to build up the thickness and facilitate welding or increase the current carrying capacity.
In a preferred inlead-foil-electrode assembly for pinch-sealing into a quartz envelope, the inlead and electrode ends next the foil are spade-shaped and match the thicker areas in the foils to which they are welded. This assures maximum strength and currentcarrying capacity, and avoids foil sections projecting laterally into the quartz next to the welds which are too thick or insufficiently feathered to bond to the quartz.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIG. 1 shows in partly schematic form a set up for electrolytic etching of foil according to the invention.
FIGS. 2a, b and c are respectively plan, longitudinal section, and transverse section views of etched foil according to the invention with the thickness shown exaggerated for ease of illustration. The sections are taken along the section lines conventionally indicated.
FIGS. 3a and b show a welded inlead-foil-electrode assembly in plan and side views respectively. I
FIG. 4 shows a complete discharge lamp with pinch seals utilizing etched foils in accordance with the invent1on.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT AND PROCESS A pinch seal having a current capacity of 50 amperes utilizes as starting material a molybdenum foil 0.0065 inch thick by three-fourths inch wide by 1 inch long. In accordance with the invention, the foil is electrolytically etched to provide feathered edges all around and thicker welding areas at both ends. This may be done in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1. Tl-le foil 1 is inserted between the legs of a springy metal clamp or holder 2 whose lower extremities are covered with thick insulating boots or shields 3 of flexible and resilient plastic material, suitably polyethylene. The plastic shields are slit on the inside near their lower extremities so as to permit penetration by the molybdenum foil up to contact of the clamp by the edge of the foil. The plastic shields protect the portions of the foil which penetrates into the slits and the ends of the clamp 2 from the action of the electrolyte. The other electrode consists of a ring-shaped copper band 4 which is supported by a copper conductor 5 to which electrical connections are made. The molybdenum foil 1 and the ring electrode 4 are supported in the same plane in a basin '6 which is filled with the electrolyte, suitably a 20 percent solution of sodium hydroxide:
The use of alternating current for etching is preferred and a current of 25 to 50 amperes is suitable for the size of foil illustrated. Etching is most rapid at the edges and is a maximum at the corners of the foil. This causes the comers to become rounded and the edges to become feathered as illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 20. However etching takes place all over except in the areas inserted into the shields 3 where the electrolyte does not have access to the foil. This results in thicker areas or plateaus 8,9 at both ends of the foil which remain at the original thickness of 0.0065 inch. From the thicker areas, the thickness tapers gradually to that of the foil. Along the medial line of the foil, the thickness in the central part may be approximately half what it is at the thicker areas, as illustrated in FIG. 2b. Where the original thickness was 0.0065 inch, the thickness along the medial line after etching may be 0.0035 inch. The thickness tapers substantially to zero at the edges, except at the shoulders 10 of the thicker areas 8,9 where the original foil thickness remains unchanged.
The etching process according to the invention results in a taper in thickness in the merging regions 8',9' up to the welding plateaus 8,9 which increases the current carrying capacity. In foils not having this feature, it is in the region immediately around the weld points that excessive heating takes place and sets the limit on the current carrying capacity of the foil. The tapering in thickness up to the welding plateaus in the foils prepared in accordance with my invention means that the limit in current capacity is set by the overall heating of the foil. Overall heating is determined by the cross sectional area so that the current carrying capacity is increased severalfold.
FIGS. 3a and b illustrate an inlead assembly utilizing the etched molybdenum foil 1 of the invention extending between a rod-like molybdenum inlead conductor 11 and a rod-like tungsten electrode 12. Both the inlead and electrode are spread or flattened at 11a, 12a, suitably by not swaging, resulting in spade-shaped ends next to the foils. The spade-ends match the thicker areas 8,9 projecting at the ends of the foils and they are substantially coextensive in area. Thus after welding there are no sections of foil projecting laterally from the weld regions as at the shoulders 10 which are unetched or unfeathered and which would not bond properly and would cause weakness in the quartz.
To facilitate welding, the spade ends and thicker regions in the foil are first coated with a slurry of tungsten, molybdenum, and rhenium powders and fired in hydrogen. The parts are then pressed together and electric-welded. The thickness of the spade-ends is not critical because they do not seal to the quartz and 0.010 inch is convenient. ln FIGS. 2b, 2c and 3b the thickness of the foil has been greatly exaggerated to permit illustration. The combination of spade ends on the inlead and electrode matching the thicker nonetched regions in the foils achieves maximum strength current-carrying current capacity. At the same time, weakness in the quartz from laterally projecting unfeathered sections which are incapable of bonding is avoided.
FIG. 4 illustrates a high-intensity compact source lamp 13 comprising a thick-walled quartz envelope 14 containing an ionizable filling such as indium iodide. Etched foil inlead assemblies made according to the present invention are pinched-sealed at 15 and 16 into the ends of the envelope and support anode and cathode l7 and 18 respectively. The use of etched foils according to the invention in the dimensions previously stated permits currents up to 50 amperes without overheating the seals.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. The method of making foil-conductor assemblies for sealing into vitreous material which comprises electrolytically etching a refractory metal foil while shielding an area at each end of the foil from the electrolyte in order to provide feathered edges all around and thicker areas at the ends which taper gradually to the thickness of the foil, and welding conductors to said thickened areas.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein conductors having flattened ends matching said thicker areas are welded co-extensively with said thicker areas.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
5. The method of making a foil-conductor assembly for sealin into vitreou ma erial which 0 rises:
contacFlng an end of a reiractory metaT f oi I by an end portion of a conductor covered by a boot of flexible resilient insulating material having a slit therein for accommodating said foil, said slit determining a shielded portion of said foil;
placing said foil and the end portion of said conductor in an electrolyte and passing current therethrough to etch the surface of said foil except for the shielded portion whereby said shielded portion remains undiminished in thickness and tapers to the thickness of the remainder of the foil which acquires feathered edges; and
welding a conductor to said shielded portion.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein each end of said foil is contacted by an end portion of a conductor covered by a boot of flexible resilient insulating materia1 having a slit therein accommodating an end of said foil whereby, after etching, a shielded portion of undiminished thickness is left at each end of said foil; and welding a conductor to each shielded portion.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORECTION Paten No. 3.693 241 Dated September 26 1972 lnventofls) Elmer G. Fr'idrich It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
On the cover sheet insert [73] Assignee General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Signed and sealed this 1st day of May 1973.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer USCOMM-DC 60376-1 69 "WM P O-1050 (IO-69) Q u.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I959 o-ass-au,

Claims (7)

  1. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein conductors having flattened ends matching said thicker areas are welded co-extensively with said thicker areas.
  2. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
  3. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
  4. 5. The method of making a foil-conductor assembly for sealing into vitreous material which comprises: contacting an end of a refractory metal foil by an end portion of a conductor covered by a boot of flexible resilient insulating material having a slit therein for accommodating said foil, said slit determining a shielded portion of said foil; placing said foil and the end portion of said conductor in an electrolyte and passing current therethrough to etch the surface of said foil except for the shielded portion whereby said shielded portion remains undiminished in thickness and tapers to the thickness of the remainder of the foil which acquires feathered edges; and welding a conductor to said shielded portion.
  5. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein each end of said foil is contacted by an end portion of a conductor covered by a boot of flexible resilient insulating material having a slit therein accommodating an end of said foil whereby, after etching, a shielded portion of undiminished thickness is left at each end of said foil; and welding a conductor to each shielded portion.
  6. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
  7. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein said metal foil is molybdenum.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030048078A1 (en) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-13 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Arc tube for discharge lamp and method for producing the same
US20090295291A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2009-12-03 Tryggvi Emilsson Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
DE102009015774A1 (en) 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Foil for assembly of halogen lamp, has narrow sides and broad sides limited by edges, and stair step-like contour formed in edge proximity to foil, where foil is formed in rectangular shape
EP2269208A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2011-01-05 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US8264147B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-09-11 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR982369A (en) * 1949-03-05 1951-06-11 Belmag Quarzbrenner A G Gas discharge lamp
GB713828A (en) * 1951-09-01 1954-08-18 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in lead-in conductors for electric lamps and the like
US2761208A (en) * 1952-02-28 1956-09-04 Colin C Mitchell Method of producing metallic strip
US2966607A (en) * 1959-05-26 1960-12-27 Duro Test Corp High pressure short arc lamps and method of making same
DE1106418B (en) * 1959-12-21 1961-05-10 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Gas discharge lamp with quartz bulb
US3250941A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-05-10 Gen Electric Discharge lamp manufacture

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR982369A (en) * 1949-03-05 1951-06-11 Belmag Quarzbrenner A G Gas discharge lamp
GB713828A (en) * 1951-09-01 1954-08-18 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in lead-in conductors for electric lamps and the like
US2761208A (en) * 1952-02-28 1956-09-04 Colin C Mitchell Method of producing metallic strip
US2966607A (en) * 1959-05-26 1960-12-27 Duro Test Corp High pressure short arc lamps and method of making same
DE1106418B (en) * 1959-12-21 1961-05-10 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Gas discharge lamp with quartz bulb
US3250941A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-05-10 Gen Electric Discharge lamp manufacture

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030048078A1 (en) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-13 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Arc tube for discharge lamp and method for producing the same
US6918808B2 (en) * 2001-09-07 2005-07-19 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Arc tube for discharge lamp and method for producing the same
DE10241398B4 (en) * 2001-09-07 2013-06-13 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Method for producing an arc tube for a discharge lamp
US20090295291A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2009-12-03 Tryggvi Emilsson Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
US8264147B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-09-11 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Oxidation-protected metallic foil and methods
US8277274B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-10-02 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
EP2269208A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2011-01-05 Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
EP2269208A4 (en) * 2008-04-28 2011-08-31 Advanced Lighting Tech Inc Apparatus and methods for use of refractory abhesives in protection of metallic foils and leads
DE102009015774A1 (en) 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Foil for assembly of halogen lamp, has narrow sides and broad sides limited by edges, and stair step-like contour formed in edge proximity to foil, where foil is formed in rectangular shape

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