US3690873A - Desulphurizing plant alloy - Google Patents

Desulphurizing plant alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3690873A
US3690873A US840242A US3690873DA US3690873A US 3690873 A US3690873 A US 3690873A US 840242 A US840242 A US 840242A US 3690873D A US3690873D A US 3690873DA US 3690873 A US3690873 A US 3690873A
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Prior art keywords
content
alloys
nickel
chromium
aluminum
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Expired - Lifetime
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US840242A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Isidore Fontaine
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

Definitions

  • Hot gas mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen which are frequently encountered in petroleum refining processes, are highly corrosive to both nickel-base and iron-base alloys, and there is a need for an inexpensive alloy that has a good resistance to corrosion both by these gas mixtures and in oxidizing and carburizing environments, and also has good high-temperature strength.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that an improved combination of corrosion resistance, stress-rupture strength and structural stability on prolonged heating results if the nickel, chromium and aluminum contents are correlated in a special manner.
  • Alloys according to the invention contain, by weight, from 0.02% to 0.15% carbon, from 32% to 48% nickel, from 19% to 24% chromium, and from 2.2% to 3.5% aluminum.
  • the alloys may also contain up to 0.6% titanium. Titanium increases the stress-rupture strength of the alloys, and for this purpose they advantageously contain from 0.10% to 0.35% titanium. However, titanium also makes the alloys more susceptible to embrittlement, and in tinum contents must be further correlated with the content of titanium. In fact each 0.1% titanium requires an additional 1% nickel to offset this susceptibility.
  • the accompanying drawing is a graph in which the nickel content (percent Ni) minus ten times the titanium content (percent Ti) is plotted against the chromium content (percent Cr) and curves marked with aluminum con tents (percent A1) are shown.
  • the nickel content, chromium content, aluminum content and titanium content are so correlated that the point on the drawing corresponding to [(percent Ni)- l0(percent Ti)] and percent Cr lies in the area ABCDEA and on or to the left of the aluminum-content curve (if any) corresponding to percent A1 or (if there is no such curve) to the next highest percent Al.
  • the lowermost aluminum-content curve is marked 2.5%. If the aluminum content is 2.5% or less, the nickel and chromium contents must be so correlated that the point corresponding to the alloy is in the area ABCDEA. If percent Al is, for example, 2.55, the point must lie on or to the left of the 2.6% A1 curve.
  • the alloys become less susceptible to embrittlement as the nickel content increases, and this is why a minimum of 38% nickel is preferred, but with more than 48% nickel their resistance to corrosion is diminished, and preferably the nickel content does not exceed 46%.
  • Carbon in amounts up to 0.15% improves the stressrupture ductility of the alloys at the expense of some reduction in stress-rupture strength, and more than 0.15% carbon drastically impairs the strength.
  • the alloys contain from 0.04 to 0.12% carbon.
  • the alloys may contain other elements in addition to those already discussed.
  • the stress-rupture strength of the alloys, and to some extent their impact strength is increased by additions of boron, which may be present in amounts up to 0.2%, e.g. about 0.001% to 0.02%, but preferably not more than 0.005%, e.g. about 0.003% to 0.004% boron.
  • the resistance of the alloys to oxidation and scaling is improved by additions of rare-earth metals, for example as the mixture known as Mischmetall, or of yttrium, and the alloys may contain up to .3%, e.g. from 0.03 to 0.1% of rare earth metals and/or up to 2%, e.g. from 0.3 to 0.8%, of yttrium.
  • rare-earth metals for example as the mixture known as Mischmetall, or of yttrium
  • the alloys may contain up to .3%, e.g. from 0.03 to 0.1% of rare earth metals and/or up to 2%, e.g. from 0.3 to 0.8%, of yttrium.
  • the tests included corrosion test performed by subjecting the alloys for 1000 hours to attack by a gas mixture of hydrogen with 1.5 volume percent of hydrogen sulfide flowing at a rate of 15 litres/hour.
  • the tests also included impact tests performed on the alloys in one of two conditions, resulting from the following treatments:
  • Condition X Solution-heated for 2 hours at 1050 C., aircooled, then heated for 1000 hours at 700 C.
  • Condition Y Solution-heated for 2 hours at 1050" C., air-cooled, cold-worked to effect reduction, then heated for 1000 hours at 700 C.
  • Silicon which may be present as an impurity, while marginally improving resistance to oxidation, scaling and sulfidation, has a marked deleterious effect on impact strength and susceptibility to embrittlement, and should be maintained as low as possible.
  • the silicon content must be below 1% and is preferably below 0.5%, and most advantageously below 0.25%.
  • the other most common impurity is manganese, which may be present up 1%
  • a solution heat-treatment which may consist of heating for from 30 minutes to 8 hours in the temperature range of 950 C. to 1200 C. and preferably in the range of 1100 C. to 1200 C.
  • the alloys may then be aged, e.g. by heating for from 1 to 24 hours in the temperature range of 600 C. to 900 C. but since ageing will in any event take place during the initial stages of service in this temperature range a special ageing treatment may be omitted.
  • the alloys may be cooled at any convenient rate after each heat-treatment stage.
  • the embrittlement of the alloys that are not according to the invention is shown by the impact values, particularly in the accelerated test.
  • All tne alloys in accordance with the invention retained impact strengths in excess of 45 ft. lbf. after heating for 1000 hours without coldworking and not less than 30 ft. lbf. even after heating for 1000 hours in the accelerated test, together with satisfactory corrosion-resistance.
  • the importance of the correlation is shown by comparison, for instance, of Alloys X and 9, the former containing too much aluminium in relation to its nickel and chromium contents, and the latter, with somewhat similar nickel and chromium contents but less aluminum, being much more resistant to impact. Alloy U was nearly satisfactory, but did not contain the proper amounts of nickel and chromium for its high aluminum content.
  • the alloys are particularly suitable for use in the 5.
  • An alloy according to claim 1 containing about straint. 0.001% to about 0.02% boron.
  • An alloy according to claim 1 containing about HENRY w TARRING 1L primary Examiner 20.5% to about 21.5% chromium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US840242A 1968-07-09 1969-07-09 Desulphurizing plant alloy Expired - Lifetime US3690873A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3265068 1968-07-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3690873A true US3690873A (en) 1972-09-12

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ID=10341934

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US840242A Expired - Lifetime US3690873A (en) 1968-07-09 1969-07-09 Desulphurizing plant alloy

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3690873A (ru)
AT (1) AT290149B (ru)
BE (1) BE735860A (ru)
DE (1) DE1934288A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR2012613A1 (ru)
GB (1) GB1230396A (ru)
SE (1) SE339756B (ru)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3984239A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-10-05 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Filler metal
US4743318A (en) * 1986-09-24 1988-05-10 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Carburization/oxidation resistant worked alloy
US4882125A (en) * 1988-04-22 1989-11-21 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Sulfidation/oxidation resistant alloys

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8506883B2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2013-08-13 Haynes International, Inc. Weldable oxidation resistant nickel-iron-chromium-aluminum alloy

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3984239A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-10-05 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Filler metal
US4743318A (en) * 1986-09-24 1988-05-10 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Carburization/oxidation resistant worked alloy
US4882125A (en) * 1988-04-22 1989-11-21 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Sulfidation/oxidation resistant alloys

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE339756B (ru) 1971-10-18
GB1230396A (ru) 1971-04-28
AT290149B (de) 1971-05-25
BE735860A (ru) 1970-01-09
FR2012613A1 (ru) 1970-03-20
DE1934288A1 (de) 1970-02-12

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