US3690280A - Fender for large ship - Google Patents

Fender for large ship Download PDF

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Publication number
US3690280A
US3690280A US71722A US3690280DA US3690280A US 3690280 A US3690280 A US 3690280A US 71722 A US71722 A US 71722A US 3690280D A US3690280D A US 3690280DA US 3690280 A US3690280 A US 3690280A
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Prior art keywords
buffer
fixture
supports
fender
curved
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Expired - Lifetime
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US71722A
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Jiro Narabu
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SEIBU GOMU KAGUKU KK
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SEIBU GOMU KAGUKU KK
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26Fenders
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

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  • ABSTRACT In a rectangular tubular fender for large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer, a fixture and two supports provided between said buffer and said fixture, the present invention contemplates an improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports being made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said exterior surfaces in the middle portion, the adjacent parts of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture being curved, and the junctions between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch.
  • the present invention relates to a fender to be fitted to quays, etc., for cushioning a large ship.
  • the objective of the present invention is to offer a fender with great energy absorption inwhich only the displacement increases, without the reaction being increased under shock;
  • a rectangular tubular fender for a large ship made of elastic material and composed of a buffer, a fixture, and two supports provided between said' buffer and said fixture
  • the present invention contemplates an improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports being made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said. exterior surfaces in the middle portion, the adjacentparts of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture is curved, and the junctions between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective end view of the fender contemplated herein;
  • FIG. 2 is a view along lines 11-11 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows one type of tubular cross-section of the prior art
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another type of tubular cross-section of the prior art
  • FIG. 5 graphically shows the. characteristics of the tubular cross-sections shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a modification of the tubular cross-section shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a further modification of the tubular crosssection shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 8 again graphically shows the characteristics of the tubular cross-sections shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a fender made in accordance with this invention.
  • This fender represents a hollow cylinder with rectangular cross-section.
  • This cylindrical body is made of an elastic material like rubber, and it consists of a buffer 1 which comes into contact with the ship side; a fixture 2 which contacts the quay wall and runs parallel to said buffer; and two supports 3 which are inserted between said buffer 1 and said fixture 2 and are flat on the outside surface, these two flat surfaces being parallelto each other.
  • Said buffer 1 and said fixture 2 have embedded reinforcing plates 4, 5.
  • Holes 6 bored on the surface of said buffer are intended for attachment of another buffer, while holes 7 bored on the surface of said fixture are intended for attachment of the fender to the quay wall, etc.
  • Interior surfaces of said supports 3 have their middle portion 3a flat and parallel to the exterior surface; the adjacent portions 3b of said middle portion 3a to the buffer and to the fixture are curved; and the junctions between said curved portions 3b and the buffer and fixture are depressed with a notch.
  • the fender according to this invention is designed as a rectangular tube for the purpose of enlarging the contact area with the ship and reducing the reaction per unit area. Its sectional profile is dictated by the pressure-receiving area and its internal shape is selected to make the reaction small and the displacement large.
  • Tubular fenders with cross-sections as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, have been publicly known.
  • One illustrated in FIG. 3 shows a characteristic curve, like 0- curve in FIG. 5, while one illustrated in FIG. 4 does a characteristic curve, like the P-curve of FIG. 5. In these fenders, however, the reaction rise is sharp and the energy absorption is extremely poor.
  • the fender of FIG. 4 has two supports parallel to each other and the present inventor tried ,to improve this fender. As shown in FIG. 6, leaving the flat portion 3a of the support as it is and providing a curved portion 3b between the buffer and the fixture, he obtained a characteristic curve, like the R- curve in FIG. 8.
  • the recommendable H(height) vs. W(width) relation is 2H i W R 1.25H.
  • a fender meeting these conditions has, as indicated in FIG. 8, a low reaction, a large displacement and a great absorption energy (A).
  • the fixture in this example represents a flat plate, but it may be separated by an open groove cutin the middle.
  • a rectangular tubular fender to be fitted to quays for docking a large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer (1), a fixture (2) and two supports (3) provided between said buffer and said fixture, the improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports are made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said exterior surfaces in the middle portion (3a) the adjacent parts (3b) of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture being curved, and'the junctions (30) between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch, said fender meeting the following conditions:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

In a rectangular tubular fender for large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer, a fixture and two supports provided between said buffer and said fixture, the present invention contemplates an improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports being made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said exterior surfaces in the middle portion, the adjacent parts of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture being curved, and the junctions between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch.

Description

[22] Filed:
Narabu Sept. 12, 1972 [54] FENDER FOR LARGE SHIP [72] Inventor: Jiro Narabu,Tokyo,Japan [73] Assignee: Seibu Gomukogaku Kogyo Kabru- V .shiki Ke sha, 0 51 9?! pan Sept. 14, 1970 21 Appl. No.: 71,722
Primary Examiner-Milton Buchler Assistant Examiner-Gregory W. OConnor Attorney-George B. Oujevolk [57] ABSTRACT In a rectangular tubular fender for large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer, a fixture and two supports provided between said buffer and said fixture, the present invention contemplates an improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports being made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said exterior surfaces in the middle portion, the adjacent parts of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture being curved, and the junctions between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch.
1 Claim, 8 Drawing Figures [52] U.S. Cl ..ll4/2l9 [51] Int. Cl. ..B63b 21/00 [58] Field ofSearch ..l14/2l9 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,507,123 4/1970 Miura ..l14/219 3,533,242 10/1970 Narabu, ..1 1.4/219 X 3,418,815 12/1968 Kurnazawa ..1 14/219 X mmrmsirlzmz 3.690.280
SHEET 2 [1F 2 FIG. 5 FIG. 4
2 L/m'a Mmly INVEA TOR.
FENDER FOR LARGE SHIP BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fender to be fitted to quays, etc., for cushioning a large ship.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The objective of the present invention is to offer a fender with great energy absorption inwhich only the displacement increases, without the reaction being increased under shock; Broadly stated, in a rectangular tubular fender for a large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer, a fixture, and two supports provided between said' buffer and said fixture, the present invention contemplates an improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports being made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said. exterior surfaces in the middle portion, the adjacentparts of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture is curved, and the junctions between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch. Other objectives of this invention will be apparent by reading the description of the following embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 is a perspective end view of the fender contemplated herein;
FIG. 2 is a view along lines 11-11 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows one type of tubular cross-section of the prior art;
FIG. 4 illustrates another type of tubular cross-section of the prior art;
FIG. 5 graphically shows the. characteristics of the tubular cross-sections shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
FIG. 6 is a modification of the tubular cross-section shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a further modification of the tubular crosssection shown in FIG. 4; and,
FIG. 8 again graphically shows the characteristics of the tubular cross-sections shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a fender made in accordance with this invention. This fender represents a hollow cylinder with rectangular cross-section. This cylindrical body is made of an elastic material like rubber, and it consists of a buffer 1 which comes into contact with the ship side; a fixture 2 which contacts the quay wall and runs parallel to said buffer; and two supports 3 which are inserted between said buffer 1 and said fixture 2 and are flat on the outside surface, these two flat surfaces being parallelto each other. Said buffer 1 and said fixture 2 have embedded reinforcing plates 4, 5.
Holes 6 bored on the surface of said buffer are intended for attachment of another buffer, while holes 7 bored on the surface of said fixture are intended for attachment of the fender to the quay wall, etc.
Interior surfaces of said supports 3 have their middle portion 3a flat and parallel to the exterior surface; the adjacent portions 3b of said middle portion 3a to the buffer and to the fixture are curved; and the junctions between said curved portions 3b and the buffer and fixture are depressed with a notch.
The fender according to this invention is designed as a rectangular tube for the purpose of enlarging the contact area with the ship and reducing the reaction per unit area. Its sectional profile is dictated by the pressure-receiving area and its internal shape is selected to make the reaction small and the displacement large. Tubular fenders with cross-sections, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, have been publicly known. One illustrated in FIG. 3 shows a characteristic curve, like 0- curve in FIG. 5, while one illustrated in FIG. 4 does a characteristic curve, like the P-curve of FIG. 5. In these fenders, however, the reaction rise is sharp and the energy absorption is extremely poor.
The fender of FIG. 4 has two supports parallel to each other and the present inventor tried ,to improve this fender. As shown in FIG. 6, leaving the flat portion 3a of the support as it is and providing a curved portion 3b between the buffer and the fixture, he obtained a characteristic curve, like the R- curve in FIG. 8. When,
I with the thickness of support kept constant, the radius of curved surface was increased and the fiat portion 3a was reduced, however, the displacement of support did not increase and the rise of the characteristic curve became steep. Conversely, when the radius was reduced and the flat portion 3a was enlarged, the reaction dropped, but the rise of the characteristic curve remained relatively steep.
By providing a notched depression 3c, as shown in Fig. 7, between the curved part and the buffer and fixture, only the displacement could be made as large as about 50 percent, as given by the S-curve in FIG. 8.
As testified by various experiments, the recommendable H(height) vs. W(width) relation is 2H i W R 1.25H. The desirable thickness (2) of the support, depending on the mutual relation between the radius (R) of curved surface, the length (E) of the fiat portion (3a) and the distance (M) of the notched depression from the outside surface of support, is t=(0.20 0.26)-H. The desirable range of E is E=(0.3 0.4)H, that of R being R=(0.22 0.30)H and that of M being M=.0.265-
A fender meeting these conditions has, as indicated in FIG. 8, a low reaction, a large displacement and a great absorption energy (A).
The fixture in this example represents a flat plate, but it may be separated by an open groove cutin the middle.
What is claimed is:
1. In a rectangular tubular fender to be fitted to quays for docking a large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer (1), a fixture (2) and two supports (3) provided between said buffer and said fixture, the improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports are made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said exterior surfaces in the middle portion (3a) the adjacent parts (3b) of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture being curved, and'the junctions (30) between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch, said fender meeting the following conditions:

Claims (1)

1. In a rectangular tubular fender to be fitted to quays for docking a large ship, made of elastic material and composed of a buffer (1), a fixture (2) and two supports (3) provided between said buffer and said fixture, the improvement therein wherein the exterior surfaces of said supports are made parallel to each other, the interior surfaces of said supports being flat and parallel to said exterior surfaces in the middle portion (3a) , the adjacent parts (3b) of said middle portion to said buffer and said fixture being curved, and the junctions (3c) between said curved portion and said buffer or fixture being depressed with a notch, said fender meeting the following conditions: 2H > OR = W > OR = 1.25H, t (0.20-0.26)H, E (0.3-0.4)H, R (0.22-0.30)H, M 0.265.H + OR - 10%, where H is the height, W is the width, t is the thickness of the middle portion of the support, E is the length of flat portion of the support, R is the radius of the curved surface, and M is the distance of notched depression from the exterior surface of the support.
US71722A 1970-09-14 1970-09-14 Fender for large ship Expired - Lifetime US3690280A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4258641A (en) * 1977-11-17 1981-03-31 Bridgestone Tire Company Limited Marine fender
US4319539A (en) * 1978-07-12 1982-03-16 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Cushioning fender assembly
US5054414A (en) * 1982-03-20 1991-10-08 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Hollow rubber fender

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418815A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-12-31 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Dock fender
US3507123A (en) * 1967-09-06 1970-04-21 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Fender for dock wall
US3533242A (en) * 1968-04-03 1970-10-13 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Fender assembly and method of assembling it

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418815A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-12-31 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Dock fender
US3507123A (en) * 1967-09-06 1970-04-21 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Fender for dock wall
US3533242A (en) * 1968-04-03 1970-10-13 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Fender assembly and method of assembling it

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4258641A (en) * 1977-11-17 1981-03-31 Bridgestone Tire Company Limited Marine fender
US4319539A (en) * 1978-07-12 1982-03-16 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Cushioning fender assembly
US5054414A (en) * 1982-03-20 1991-10-08 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Hollow rubber fender

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