US3687379A

US3687379A - Crushing device

Info

Publication number: US3687379A
Application number: US39825A
Authority: US
Inventors: Friedrich Wilhelm Nette
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1969-05-24
Filing date: 1970-05-22
Publication date: 1972-08-29
Anticipated expiration: 1989-08-29
Also published as: BE750730A; DE1926615A1; DK125774B; NL147649B; AT317651B; NL7007369A; FR2048678A5; GB1304598A

Abstract

A crushing device in the form of a container having an upper inlet and a lower outlet and a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributed relation therebetween. Each crushing zone has horizontal anvil bodies fixed to the container in spaced parallel relation while between the anvil bodies, and in the same horizontal plane, are rows of hammers guided for movement in the horizontal direction for beating against the adjacent sides of the anvil bodies. A vibrator connected to the container supplies the power to move the hammers relative to the anvil bodies.

Description

United States Patent Nette Aug. 29, 1972 [54] CRUSHING DEVICE [72] Inventor: Friedrich Wilhelm Nette, Sachsenstrasse 16, 4033 Hosel, Germany [22] Filed: May 22, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 39,825

30 Foreign Application Priority pm May 24, 1969 Germany ..P 19 26 615.0

[52] US. Cl. ..241/147, 241/164, 241/262 [51] Int. Cl ..B02c 1/00 [58] Field of Search ..241/75, 76, 139, 147, 148, 241/149, 155, 156, 164, 165, 262, 263, 283, 175; 146/290, 304

' [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,545,688 12/1970 Oshirna ..241/75 X 1,150,099 8/1915 Cornell ..241/156 1,293,188 2/1919 Pfersch ..241/175 X 2,922,588 l/l960 l-Ioesch ..241/175 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 818,603 10/1951 Germany ..241/165 Primary Examiner-Robert L. Spruill Attorney-Walter Becker ABSTRACT A crushing device in the fomi of a container having an upper inlet and a lower outlet and a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributed relation therebetween. Each crushing zone has horizontal anvil bodies fixed to the container in spaced parallel relation while between the anvil bodies, and in the same horizontal plane, are rows of hammers guided for movement in the horizontal direction for beating against the adjacent sides of the anvil bodies. A vibrator connected to the container supplies the power to move the hammers relative to the anvil bodies.

24Claims,9DrawingFigures Patented Aug. 29, 1972 I 3,687,379

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Patented Aug. 29, 1972 3,687,379

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i v 7 l4 I6 Z2 Z3 lid I [jg (347 m If: /18 15 CRUSHING DEVICE The present invention concerns a crushing device for lumpy and granular material which comprises at least one container which is arranged in a vertical direction and which comprises a plurality of crushing zones arranged in vertically spaced relationship to each other. These crushing zones have associated therewith crushing tools which are driven by a motor, especially by at least one unbalance motor. Furthermore, the present invention concerns a method of operating a crushing device of the above mentioned type.

Grinding devices have become known which are provided with a grinding container adapted to be subjected to circular or elliptic oscillations while in the grinding container there are loosely rotatably journalled grinding discs which are parallel to or slightly inclined with regard to the plane of oscillation of said container. The said grinding discs cooperate with partitions fixedly arranged in the grinding container and have a diameter which is somewhat less than the inner diameter of the grinding container. Grinding devices of this type may be subdivided into individual grinding chambers respectively receiving a grinding disc. The said partitions as well as the grinding discs are provided with per forations for the passage of the material to be crushed. With grinding devices of the above mentioned type it is also known to arrange the grinding container in upright condition and to rest the grinding discs on the intermediate walls.

It has been found that the disc-shaped grinding bodies loosely mounted in the grinding chambers, for all practical purposes do not yield an economical grinding or crushing result. This is due to the fact that the loosely mounted grinding bodies are by the circular or elliptic oscillations of the grinding container for all practical purposes taken along and in the grinding container carry out corresponding movement. As a result thereof, the crushing tools, i.e., the disc-shaped grinding bodies cannot exert beatings upon the corresponding support on the inner wall of the container so that the material to be crushed will substantially in nontreated condition drop downwardly through the device.

Inasmuch as with these known designs the grinding surfaces facing each other will with the elliptic oscillations of the container practically escape each other, the material to be crushed will in this region particularly easily drop downwardly. In order to obtain a useful crushing effect it is therefore necessary with the above mentioned known designs to pass the material to be crushed through the device a plurality of times so that the cost of operation of such devices are rather high.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a crushing device of the above mentioned general type which mill overcome the drawbacks outlined above. It is another object of this invention to provide a crushing device which will not only be simple in construction, but can also practically be employed economically for possible crushing operations.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly from the following specification in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal section through a crushing device according to the invention.

FIG. 2 represents a section taken along the line Il-II of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top view partially in section of a crushing zone with crushing tools according to the invention.

FIG. 4 represents a section taken along the line IV- IV of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a section taken along the line VV of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a view of a hammer-like body according to the invention.

FIG. 7 represents a top view of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is an end view of an anvil body for use in connection with the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a top view partially broken away of FIG. 8.

The crushing device according to the present invention is characterized primarily in that the crushing tools are formed by a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies and cooperating stationary anvil bodies, said hammershaped bodies being formed by a plurality of bodies arranged in the respective crushing zone in and about the same horizontal plane while said hammer-shaped bodies are substantially parallel to each other. The hammer-shaped bodies extend at least in the direction toward the anvil bodies under a minimum of friction and are so journalled thatthe hammer-shaped bodies are adapted to exert beating movements only in an approximately vertical direction upon the beating surfaces of the anvil bodies or beating movements correspondingly directed away from said anvil bodies.

As a result thereof, the hammer-shaped bodies carry out a predetermined, i.e., directed beating or crushing movement so that the hammer-shaped bodies are able with safety with the required energy to impact against the beating surfaces of the anvil body and evaluation of the crushing surfaces associated with each other is no longer possible. Consequently, the material which is from the top of the device fed into the crushing device can with safety be grasped by'the quickly alternating movements of the hammer-shaped bodies and the material is on the beating surfaces of the anvil body crushed to the respective desired granular size.

By means of a device according to the invention, the material to be crushed can, as a rule in one cycle, be ground to'powder. Since the hammer-like bodies carry out precisely directed beats, the employed driving energy is actually used for the crushing of the material fed into the device so that a device according to the present invention will over heretofore known designs realize a greater output by from 30 to 60 percent so that a correspondingly high degree of efficiency is re alized. As a result thereof, the cost per ton of material to be crushed is, in contrast to heretofore known similar designs, considerably higher than is the case with the present invention.

A particular advantage of the crushing device according to the present invention is seen in the fact that it can be employed practically in all industrial establishments. Thus, for instance, it is possible advantageously to employ the crushing device according to the invention in the cementing industry. For a considerable time, pipe or ball mills have been employed in the cement industry which have a rather low degree of efficiency of approximately 5 percent only. For this reason it has heretofore been necessary to feed the raw cement first from a collecting silo through a scale to the mill from which the crushed material is fed to so-called discharge housing. From here, the material which to a great extent was not yet crushed was conveyed to a bucket system from which it was passed to an air sifter. The finer ingredients of the material were withdrawn from this air sifter and conveyed to the finish silo whereas the other part of the material, if necessary a plurality of times had to move through the mill, discharge housing, bucket system and air sifter at a low degree of efficiency and thereby at high costs of operation.

In contrast thereto, the degree of efiiciency of the crushing device according to the invention is so high that as a rule one single passage of the raw cement through the crushing device will suffice whereby considerable costs per ton of cement can be saved. Even when with the crushing device according to the invention the raw cement is passed through the device according to the invention more than a single time, this will be considerably less expensive than with heretofore known designs.

The device according to the invention can with the same advantage also be employed for crushing sand, fireproof clay, minerals, limestone, coal chemicals, slag, abrasives, colored minerals, quartzite, or the like. In view of the high degree of efficiency of the crushing device according to the invention, the same can be built rather small, for instance, for use in a laboratory, it can be employed in connection with the manufacture of tablets, in other words, in the pharmaceutical industry. A very important advantage also consists in that the hammer-like bodies which at a high sequence operate back and forth carry out, for instance, a plurality of beats per minute and can also be employed for intermixing substances filled into the device. Consequently, the crushing device according to the invention can advantageously be used also in the chemical industry, for instance, when making synthetic materials, and can furthermore be used in the paint industry for the crushing of paint additives.

It has been found that a crushing device according to the invention operates with considerably less noises than heretofore known pipe or impact mills of the same output. The noise development is correspondingly lower with a device according to the present invention.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one anvil body is arranged on each side of the hammer-shaped body.

It is particularly advantageous so to arrange the anvil bodies that the same extend over the total width of the hammer-shaped bodies arranged in a crushing zone adjacent to each other. In this way, on each side of a row of hammer-like bodies, only a single anvil body is necessary so that, viewed from an overall standpoint, the crushing device according to the invention will require a correspondingly reduced number of individual elements. This will be advantageous, not only during the assembly, but also in connection with repairs.

The invention is furthermore characterized in that in a plurality of the crushing zones, preferably in all crushing zones, there is provided a plurality of rows of hammer-like bodies, with said rows arranged adjacent to each other in approximately the same horizontal plane. The said rows of hammer-like bodies form together with the associated anvil bodies, so to speak, a

grate or screen which oscillates in part back and forth. In view of the arrangement of a plurality of rows of hammer-shaped bodies in one plane, not only the power output of the crushing device is correspondingly increased, but in addition thereto, there is obtained the advantage that the material to be crushed, which is charged into the device from the top, will practically uniformly be distributed over the individual crushing tools without running the risk that the material will not be caught by the crushing tools and drop freely through.

A further feature of the invention consists in that the individual rows of hammer-shaped bodies are separated from each other by anvil bodies. This permits a relatively compact structure with high output.

Expediently, the anvil bodies are detachably connected to the container wall and are secured against accidental turning. The anvil bodies can thus be assembled and disassembled in a minimum of time while special bearing means for the anvil bodies are not necessary. For connecting the anvil bodies, the container wall of the crushing device may be used.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the anvil bodies are formed in the shape of rods and have their upper marginal sections which face the hammershaped bodies slanted. On one hand this makes it possible to employ structural standard material for the anvil bodies, and on the other hand, in view of the slanting of the anvil bodies, the advantage is obtained that material dropping upon the anvil bodies will pass toward the sides into the gaps between the anvil bodies and the hammer-shaped bodies.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anvil bodies as well as the hammer-like bodies are preferably made of steel, especially hardened steel while the anvil bodies and the hammer-shaped bodies are at those ends thereof which face each other machined, for instance ground. In this way the charged goods can be crushed particularly finely, for instance, to a pulverous form.

According to a further feature of the invention, also the hammer-shaped bodies have those marginal portions thereof which-face the slanted portions of the anvil bodies, slanted in such a way that the hammershaped bodies in the direction of movement thereof have a substantially conical design. This brings about that the material dropping from above upon the crushing tools are easily guided into the gaps between the hammer-shaped bodies and the anvil bodies and will particularly slide into these gaps.

Expediently, the slanted portions of the hammershaped body extend up to the central upper width range thereof in such a way that in said intermediate width range of the hammer-shaped bodies there remains an approximately horizontal guiding surface. In conformity with the invention, together with the guiding surfaces of each row of hammer-shaped bodies cooperates a guiding element, especially a pipe or shaft which is in a friction-free manner journalled in antifriction bearings and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, said pipe or shaft extending over the total width of a row of hammer-shaped bodies. These guiding elements will prevent the hammer-shaped bodies during the beating operations from escaping or deviating in upward direction or from edging relative to the beating path of the anvil bodies when the material is crushed. Inasmuch as the guiding elements are arranged in a friction-free manner in antifriction bearings, such as ball bearings, or roller bearings, these guiding elements can particularly easily move so that for the acceleration of the hammer-shaped bodies a correspondingly small impulse is required.

Advantageously, the guiding element may at its end ranges be joumalled in antifriction bearings associated with the container wall while the end sections of said guiding element protrude from the container and are held by screws or the like. In this way, it will be possible to insert the anvil bodies from the outside in a simple manner into the container. In a correspondingly simple manner, the anvil bodies can be disassembled from the container, for instance, for purposes of repair. It is merely necessary to loosen the holding screws and pulling the same out of the container.

vIt is particularly advantageous to rest the hammershaped bodies on preferably two spaced easily rotatable tubular supporting and guiding elements which extend over the total width of the respective row of hammer-shaped bodies and have their end sections protrude from the container while being held by screws or the like. In this way, also the supporting and guiding elements can in a simple manner be introduced from the outside, i.e., without disassembling the crushing device. For purposes of repair or the like, the crushing device in a correspondingly simple manner can be removed by detaching the holding screws and removing the same.

In order to reduce the resistance encountered by the acceleration of the hammer-shaped bodies to a minimum, the present invention provides for journalling the supporting and guiding elements at their end sections in antifriction bearings. As antifriction bearings there may be employed ball bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, in a manner similar to that employed with the guiding elements cooperating with the guiding surfaces of the hammer-shaped bodies.

A further feature of the invention consists in'that the axles of the supporting and guiding elements as well as of the upper guiding pipe cooperating with the guiding surfaces of the hammer-shaped bodies are arranged in the corner points of an isosceles triangle and extend approximately parallel to each other.

Advantageously, on each side of each row of hammer-shaped bodies between the latter'and the container wall there are preferably provided in spaced relationship to each other two easily rotatable guiding bearings. These bearings may, in conformity with the present invention, be designed in the form of hollow axles which are arranged in antifriction bearings which extend in vertical direction over all crushing zones. As a result thereof, the hammer-shaped bodies are guided not only their under and upper side in a substantially friction-free manner, but the hammer-shaped bodies which in a row are located on the outside, are prevented from beating against the container wall, or the like. Since the guiding bearings extend over all crushing zones, they can relatively quickly be assembled, and for purposes of repair or the like can likewise quickly be disassembled. A further advantage consists in that a correspondingly low number of individual elements is necessary. Consequently, it is merely necessary to keep in stock only a correspondingly small number of individual elements for cases of repair.

Advantageously, the width of the hammer-shaped bodies is considerably less than the length thereof and amounts, for instance, to from one-fifth to one-third of the length. Advantageously, the hammer-shaped bodies have a weight of from 1 to 10 kilograms.

It has proved advantageous to select the width of the hammer-shaped bodies so that it amounts to approximately from one-tenth to one-fifth of the length of the anvil body.

According to a further feature of the invention, approximately at the medium height range of the container, the crushing tools of one or more crushing zones are removable in such a way that within this range a free space remains. If necessary, this design of the crushing device according to the invention makes possible to reduce the output possibility of the crushing device by removing some crushing tools. Furthermore, it is possible, depending on the material to be crushed to provide a free space, approximately in the central range of the height of the container so that the material already treated in the upper crushing zones will be able particularly easily to distribute itself over the entire inner cross section of the container and therefore simultaneously over the lower crushing zones. Depending on the material to betreated, in view of the provision of a free space in the container there exists the possibility of counteracting a so-called plate effect. This is made possible by the fact that material dropping out from the upper crushing zones, as the case may be, stuck together preheated material, will detach itself in the free space and will distribute itself uniformly so that it can safely by the following crushing tools crush to the desired end grain size. This distribution of the material in the free space or chamber can be further accelerated by connecting to said free chamber a compressed air generator and/or a pump for producing a pressure drop. In this way a particularly intensiveturbulence of the material to be crushed is effected in the said free space.

A further feature of the invention consists in that two or more adjacent hammer-shaped bodies are adapted to be coupled together, for instance, by a bolt or pin. By coupling together a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies, the impact energy can be varied accordingly and in conformity with the granular size and type of the material to be crushed.

According to the present invention it is also possible to provide hammer-shaped bodies and/or anvil bodies of different weight in the individual crushing zones.

It is particularly advantageous to make all of the elements, particularly the hammer-shaped bodies, anvil bodies, guiding elements, bearings and the like, exchangeable, and to design these elements so that they can be installed by a simple plugging. operation. Furthermore, advantageously, the container is, in conformity with the crushing zones, composed of individual sections so that the sections can be mounted together for building up a container. All gaps of the device are dustproof. In view of this design of the crushing device according to the invention, the individual parts can be, in a particularly simple manner, exchanged while also the stock keeping of replacement parts will be simplified. Inasmuch as the individual elements are primarily connected by plug connections, the

assembly time for a device according to the present invention is relatively short.

According to a further feature of the invention, a plurality of the containers are combined in the form of a battery, in other words, are arranged, for instance, in a circumferential mantle while the material to be crushed is fed to the individual containers through a corresponding number of funnels equipped with distributing elements.

Expediently, the unbalance motors are arranged at oppositely located sides on the container in a plane which is offset by 90 with regard to the beating direction of the hammer-shaped bodies.

According to a further feature of the invention, the container rests in spaced relationship to the ground in a frame in such a way that the container is laterally supported by the oscillation cushioning bearing on the frame, whereas it rests by means of hammer-shaped extensions on roller bearings or the like.

Advantageously, the material to be crushed is primarily under the influence of the gravitational force moved through the air gaps or crushing zones which form between the anvil bodies and the hammer-like bodies in view of the quick alternating beating. The material will then be crushed to particularly fine dust particles or the like. This method is particularly economical and can be employed, for instance, in the cement industry when grinding or crushing raw cement.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, the present invention will be discussed in connection with a crushing device for the cement industry or the like. The arrangement shown in the drawings comprises a supporting framework 1 of a crushing device with a container 3, which latter by means of the supporting framework 1 is mounted in spaced relationship to the floor 2.

As will be evident in particular from FIGS. 1 and 2, the longitudinal axis of the crushing device extends approximately in vertical direction so that material fed into a funnel 4 will, under the influence of the gravitational forces, pass to the discharge funnel 5. The filling funnel 4 has, in conformity with the illustrated embodiment, a screen which extends over the freecross section of the container 3 and through which the material to be crushed is passed and is, through distributing elements 7, 8 and 9, distributed over the entire cross section of the container 3.

As will be evident from FIG. 1, a plurality of superimposed crushing zones 10, 11, 12 and 13, are provided in spaced relationship to each other. The crushing zones 10 13 comprise crushing tools which with the illustrated embodiment are formed of a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies 14 and anvil bodies 15 associated therewith.

As will be evident from FIGS. 2 and 3, in each of the crushing zones 10 13 there is provided a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies 14 which are arranged parallel and adjacent to each other in spaced relationship to each other.

As will be evident from FIG. 1, in addition thereto in each crushing zone 10 13 there is provided a plurality (in the illustrated embodiment 3) of such rows of hammer-shaped bodies 14 which are located in the same horizontal plane, one behind the other, in spaced relationship to each other. Between the individual serially arranged rows of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 there are respectively arranged anvil bodies 15 in such a way that on both sides of each hammer-shaped body 14, between the anvil body 15 and the hammer-shaped body 14, there remains a gap 16.

FIG. 3 indicates that the anvil bodies 15 extend transverse through the container 3 and are fixedly, but detachably connected to the container wall, and are secured against accidental rotation. To this end the anvil bodies 15 have their ends provided with

protrusions

15a, 15b. Each anvil body 15 has its protrusion 15a extending through a corresponding recess in the wall of the container 3, whereas the protrusion 15b engages a corresponding depression in the bearing of the wall of the container 3. Within this range, and in vertical direction one above the other, there are provided two fitting pins 17 which are connected to the container 3. These pins engage

bores

19, 20 of the protrusions 15b of the anvil body 15, said bores 19, 20 formingfitting bores. As a result thereof, the anvil bodies 15 are prevented from turning about the longitudinal axes. The design is such that the protrusion 15a is arranged in a dustproof manner in the wall of the container 3.

With the embodiment shown in the drawing, the hammer-shaped bodies 14 are, similar to the anvil bodies 15, made of steel. As will be particularly evident from FIGS. 5 to 7, the upper marginal areas 14a, 14b of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 which face the anvil bodies 15 are beveled so that each hammer-shaped body when viewed from the side has a somewhat conical design.

Those beating surfaces 14c of the hammer-shaped bodies 14, which surfaces face the anvil surfaces 15c of the anvil bodies 15 are, similar to the corresponding anvil surfaces 150, machined by grinding so that the beating surfaces will properly, and over the entire surface, engage the corresponding anvil surfaces 15c. the anvil bodies 15 have their The marginal areas which face the marginal areas 14a, 14b of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 likewise beveled so that the

beveled portions

15d, 15e of the anvil bodies 15 end approximately at the same level as the corresponding beveled portions 14a, 14b of the hammer-shaped bodies 14. As a result thereof, the material which is charged from above into the crushing device easily slides into the gaps 16.

As will be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the beveled portions 14a, 14b of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 are so designed and arranged that in the central width and length area of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 there remains a guiding surface 21, as more clearly shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The guiding surfaces 21 of the individual hammer-shaped bodies of each row of bodies are located approximately in the same horizontal plane. This is brought about by the fact that the individual hammer-shaped bodies of each row are mounted on or supported by two supporting and guiding

elements

22, 23 which are spaced from each other. In this way, a friction-low mounting is obtained. The supporting and guiding elements of the illustrated design consist of steel pipes which may be machined and which at their end ranges are easily rotatably joumalled in antifriction bearings as, for instance, ball bearings. The supporting and guiding

elements

22 and 23 are so designed that their end sections extend through the wall of the container 3 and are by holding screws or the like secured against accidental movement.

Cooperating with the guiding surface 21 is a guiding element 24 which, similar to the guiding and supporting

elements

22 and 23, is tubular and preferably made of steel. The tubular guiding element 24 has its end portions rotatably journalled in antifriction bearings, such as

ball bearings

25 and 26. As will be seen from FIG. 3, the end sections of the tubular guiding element 24 extend through the walls of the container 3 and are by connecting means such as screws 27 and 28 secured against being pulled out.

FIG. indicates that the supporting and guiding

elements

22 and 23 on one hand and the tubular guiding element 24 on the other hand are arranged at the corners of a triangle in such a way that the hammer-shaped bodies are, in the direction of the beating movements X, Y, reliably guided.

On each end face of a row of hammer-shaped bodies 14, there are provided two guiding bearing means 29, 30; 31, 32, which are spaced from each other and extend in vertical direction. These guiding bearing means, according to the illustrated design comprise hollow shafts or steel pipes which have their ends easily rotatably arranged in bearing means as, for instance, ball bearings. FIG. 2 shows only the

ball bearings

33, 34; 35, 36. The tubular guiding bearing means 29 32 extend, as shown in FIG. 2, over all'of the crushing zones 1,3 and thus in vertical direction over all of the rows of hammer-shaped bodies 14. The design and arrangement of the guiding bearings 29 32 is such that the hammer-shaped bodies 14 are, in spaced relationship to the inner wall of the container 3, guided in the direction toward the anvil surface 150.

As will be seen from FIG. 2, the container has on opposite sides thereof associated therewith

non-balance motors

37, 38, which, when in operation, bring about that the hammer-shaped bodies 14 of the individual crushing zones 10 13 oscillate back and forth in the direction X and Y respectively, in other words, carry out an oscillating movement. Depending on the employed driving motors, the hammer-shaped bodies 14 will be able per minute to carry out, for instance, 700 beats on each anvil body 15. The material which follows into the gaps is likewise pulverized in this way. The gaps 16 may have a width of, for instance, from 2 to 8 millimeters, preferably from 3 to 6 millimeters.

' The material which has not been completely crushed in the first crushing zone will in the subsequent crushing zones, surely be crushed so fine that the respective desired grain size will be realized.

With the embodiment illustrated in particular in FIG. 1, between the crushing zones 10, 11 on one hand and the crushing zones 12, 13 on the other hand there is provided a relatively large free space 39 without crushing tools through which space the material coming from the crushing zones 10, 11 has to pass. To this space 39, the conduit 40 may be connected, which is in communication with a suction blower, not shown in the drawings.

In this space or chamber 39 the material is loosened up so that in case some material has compacted in the form of plates, it will again be loosened and fall apart. In this way, in the subsequent crushing zones 12 and 13, a further thorough crushing to the desired end grain size will be facilitated.

When operating the said

unbalance motors

37, 38, the container 3 is subjected to oscillations. These oscillations are absorbed laterally by bearing means, for instance, rubber buffers 41, 42; 43, 44 connected to the supporting framework 1 which have an oscillation absorbing character. The bottom side of the container 3 rests through the intervention of supporting

members

45 and 46 on rollers or shafts. In this way, harmful oscillations are kept away from the foundation.

As a modification of the embodiment shown in the drawing, it is also possible in the space 39 to provide a corresponding number of crushing zones. Furthermore, it is possible in the individual crushing zones, to arrange hammer-shaped bodies and anvil bodies of different dimensions and/or weights. Depending on the desired degree of crushing, it is furthermore possible to install the crushing tools of one or more crushing zones and to remove the same therefrom when desired. Finally, it is also possible instead of providing three rows of hammer-shaped bodies as shown in the drawings, to arrange four or more rows of such bodies one behind the other. Moreover, if desired, 'two or more hammershaped bodies arranged adjacent to each other may be interconnected by simple plug connections to form a body in which the components will oscillate together. To this end, as seen from FIG. 5, the hammer-shaped bodies 14 have their central'region provided with bores 47 extending transverse to the longitudinal axis thereof. Fitting pins, for instance, also notch pins, may be inserted or hammered into said bores. By coupling a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies together to form a common oscillating body, the beating weight is in-. creased so that as the case may be, coarser and harder material may be crushed by the same device. By coupling a plurality of beaters or hammers together, in case of need, with the same material and the same device the crushing effect can be increased and the final grain size of the crushed material can be reduced further.

It is, of course, to be understood that the present invention is, by no means, limited to the particular constructions shown in the drawings, but also comprises any modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a crushing device: a container, a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributed relation in said container, each crushing zone comprising spaced anvil means fixed to the container and hammer means between said anvil means and movably supported in the container, means for supplying material to be crushed to said container above the uppermost one of said crushing zones, means for withdrawing crushed material from said container beneath the lowermost one of said crushing zones, vibrator means operatively connected to said container for effecting relative movement between said hammer means and anvil means in a direction to cause said hammer means to beat on said anvil means, said hammer means comprising a plurality of hammers in at least one row in side by side relation in each said crushing zone, the said anvil means in each crushing zone extending over the entire length of said plurality of hammers, and guide members extending vertically in said container between each end of each row of hammers and the adjacent container wall.

2. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which said vibrator means is in the form of an unbalanced motor mounted on said container.

3. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which a said anvil means is disposed on each side of said hammer means.

4. In a crushing device: a container,- a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributed relation in said container, each crushing zone comprising spaced anvil means fixed to the container and hammer means between said anvil means and movably supported in the container, means for supplying material to be crushed to said container above the uppermost one of said crushing zones, means for withdrawing crushed material from said container beneath the lowermost one of said crushing zones, vibrator means operatively connected to said container for effecting relative movement between said hammer means and anvil means in a direction to cause said hammer means to beat on said anvil means, said hammer means comprising a plurality of hammers in at least one row in side by side relation in each said crushing zone, the said anvil means in each crushing zone extending over the entire length of said plurality of hammers, each crushing zone comprising a plurality of rows of hammers distributed in a horizontal plane, said hammers being movable in the horizontal direction between adjacent anvil means.

5. A crushing device according to claim 4, in' which said anvil means comprises an anvil body between each pair of adjacent rows of hammers in each crushing zone. I

6. A crushing device according to claim 5, in which each anvil body is nonrotatably and detachably connected to said container.

7. A crushing device according to claim 6, in which each anvil body is rod shaped and extends completely across the said container and are bevelled on the top to form an inclined surface sloping downwardly toward the adjacent hammers.

8. A crushing device according to claim 5, in. which said anvil bodies are formed of steel and have those surfaces facing the adjacent hammers machined flat.

9. A crushing device according to claim 8, in which said anvil bodies have at least said surfaces hardened.

10. A crushing device according to claim 5, in which each said hammer is bevelled on top to form inclined upper surface regions which slope downwardly toward the adjacent anvil bodies disposed on opposite sides thereof.

11. A crushing device according to claim 10, in which the inner ends of said inclined upper surface regions are spaced and a central flat surface region on top of the hammer joining said inclined regions and forming an upper guiding surface for the hammer.

12. A crushing device according to claim 11, which includes'a rod-like element disposed over said upper guiding surfaces of each row of hammers, and bearing means in the container rotatably supporting said rodlike elements.

13. A crushing device according to claim 12, which includes retaining means mounted on the ends of each said rod-like element outside the said container.

. 14. A crushing device according to claim 11, in which the lower surfaces of said hammers are coplanar ill Kifilildfihffflfii iii$ illsoi beneath each row of hammers in horizontally spaced relation and supported by said container and arranged in parallel relation to the said rodlike element above the respective row of hammers.

15. A crushing device according to claim 14, which includes bearing means supportingly engaging the ends of said further rod-like elements.

16. A crushing device according to claim 14, in which lines joining the axes of the said rod-like elements pertaining to each row of hammers form a substantially isosceles triangle.

17. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which said guide members are rod-like, and bearing means at the ends of said guide members rotatably supporting the guide members.

18. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which each hammer is about one-fifth to one-third as wide as it is long.

19. A crushing device according to claim 7, in which the width of each hammer measured in the direction of the length of the adjacent anvil body is from about onetenth to one-fifth of the length of the anvil body.

20. A crushing device according to claim 4, in which said crushing zones are so distributed in the vertical direction as to leave a free space of substantial height between an upper crushing zone and the crushing zone next therebeneath.

21. A crushing device according to claim 20, which includes means connected to said container for withdrawing air from said free space.

22. A crushing device according to claim 4, which includes means for coupling adjacent ones of said hammers together for movement as a unit.

23. In the crushing mill according to claim 1, in which several crushing zones are arranged serially in direction of crushing material flow.

24. In the crushing mill according to claim 23, in which individual crushing zones are arranged with differing spacing from each other, so that between individual groups of crushing zones there result greater intermediate spacing.

Claims

4. In a crushing device: a container, a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributed relation in said container, each crushing zone comprising spaced anvil means fixed to the container and hammer means between said anvil means and movably supported in the container, means for supplying material to be crushed to said container above the uppermost one of said crushing zones, means for withdrawing crushed material from said container beneath the lowermost one of said crushing zones, vibrator means operatively connected to said container for effecting relative movement between said hammer means and anvil means in a direction to cause said hammer means to beat on said anvil means, said hammer means comprising a plurality of hammers in at least one row in side by side relation in each said crushing zone, the said anvil means in each crushing zone extending over the entire length of said plurality of hammerS, each crushing zone comprising a plurality of rows of hammers distributed in a horizontal plane, said hammers being movable in the horizontal direction between adjacent anvil means.

5. A crushing device according to claim 4, in which said anvil means comprises an anvil body between each pair of adjacent rows of hammers in each crushing zone.

8. A crushing device according to claim 5, in which said anvil bodies are formed of steel and have those surfaces facing the adjacent hammers machined flat.

12. A crushing device according to claim 11, which includes a rod-like element disposed over said upper guiding surfaces of each row of hammers, and bearing means in the container rotatably supporting said rod-like elements.

14. A crushing device according to claim 11, in which the lower surfaces of said hammers are coplanar and parallel with the said flat surface regions on top of the hammers, and further rod-like elements disposed beneath each row of hammers in horizontally spaced relation and supported by said container and arranged in parallel relation to the said rod-like element above the respective row of hammers.

19. A crushing device according to claim 7, in which the width of each hammer measured in the direction of the length of the adjacent anvil body is from about one-tenth to one-fifth of the length of the anvil body.