US3686525A - Cathode ray tube having shadow mask apertures aligned along curved horizontal and vertical lines - Google Patents

Cathode ray tube having shadow mask apertures aligned along curved horizontal and vertical lines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3686525A
US3686525A US41009A US3686525DA US3686525A US 3686525 A US3686525 A US 3686525A US 41009 A US41009 A US 41009A US 3686525D A US3686525D A US 3686525DA US 3686525 A US3686525 A US 3686525A
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apertures
shadow mask
mask
horizontal
ray tube
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US41009A
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Yohsuke Naruse
Ryosuke Ashiya
Takehiko Nii
Yuzo Fuse
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/06—Screens for shielding; Masks interposed in the electron stream
    • H01J29/07—Shadow masks for colour television tubes
    • H01J29/076—Shadow masks for colour television tubes characterised by the shape or distribution of beam-passing apertures

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a cathode ,ray tube having a curved phosphor screen, a shadow mask havingibored therein apertures and electron beam generating means for generating three in-line electron beams aligned in a horizontal direction, the apertures of the shadow mask are aligned along barrel-shaped lines extending in a horizontal direction and are aligned along pincushioned lines extending in a vertical direction and the diameter distribution of the apertures is arranged so that the distribution of the electron beam transmission factor of the mask is concentric about the center of the mask.
  • This invention relates to an improved shadow mask, and more particularly to a color cathode ray tube in which an improved shadow mask is used to ensure that an electron beam strikes exactly on a color dot of the tube.
  • color cathode ray tubes comprise an electron gun for emitting an electron beam, a color screen and a shadow mask or aperture grill for beam selection, in which each of the apertures perforated in the mask or grill exactly corresponds to each of the color dots instead the beam precisely on to predetermined color dots for reproducing a color picture.
  • the beam separation is not carried out accurately due to certain causes that introduce improper separation and or misconvergence. This is especially noticeable in the peripheral areas of the screen.
  • the present invention is directed to a shadow-mask type color cathode ray tube in which a plurality of electron beams are deflected horizontally and vern'cally while being kept aligned in a common plane and are caused to scan an outwardly projecting screen having a spherical or cylindrical curvature or the like. To reach the screen the beams pass through a shadow mask and the transmission factor of the mask is increased to provide for enhanced brightness in the reproduced picture.
  • one object of this invention is to provide an improved shadow mask.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved shadow mask in which a plurality of apertures are arranged in a particular pattern.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel color cathode ray tube in which an electron beam impinges exactly on a predetermined color dot.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a color cathode ray tube which is bright and free from color misregistration.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a color cathode ray tube which employs an in-line gun.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a color cathode ray tube employing an improved shadow mask having a plurality of apertures bored therethrough in a particular pattern and color dots on the screen closely packed on the peripheral portion of a screen.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, .partly cut away, showing a cathode ray tube
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shadow mask used in a conventional shadow-mask type color cathode ray tube
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the relative arrangement of picture elements on the screen perpendicular to the central axis of a cathode ray tube employing the shadow mask depicted in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic'diagram showing the relative arrangement of the picture elements on a spherical screen used in conjunction with the shadow mask shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are enlarged schematic diagrams showing the relative arrangement of the picture elements on the screen in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is-an exaggerated depiction of one example of a shadow-mask according to this invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlargement of the relative arrangement of the picture elements on a spherical screen in the case of using the mask exemplified in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a mask according to this invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows the relationship between co-ordinates and the pitches of aperture alignment lines of the mask according to this invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing desirable equi-transmission factor curves of electron beams obtained by plotting those points on the mask of equal electron beam transmission factors therethrough.
  • FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C are a series of graphs showing equi-diameter lines of the apertures of the mask of this invention.
  • a shadow mask color cathode ray tube 1 1 in FIG. 1 which has three electron beams l2, l3 and 14 arranged in line in a common horizontal plane 15.
  • the beams are deflected by deflecting means (not shown) horizontally and vertically across a surface 16 perpendicular to the central axis of the tube and are thereby caused to pass through a shadow mask 17 and scan an outwardly curved spherical screen 18.
  • the screen 18 is covered with phosphor dots, and the relationship between apertures 19 of the shadow mask 17 and phosphor dots on the screen 18 is of prime importance.
  • the shadow mask 1 is of the type having apertures 2 located at intersections of evennumbered horizontal and verticals lines X X X and Y Y Y and at the intersections of oddnumbered horizontal and vertical lines X X X and Y Y Y Y
  • the phosphor screen 3 is a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the tube and if the red, green and blue phosphor dots D D and D on the screen 3 are formed by the usual light or electron beam printing method employing a light or electron beam passing through the horizontal and vertical deflection centers of the beams, the phosphor dots D D and D of a diameter 4), which form triplets of picture elements for each aperture 2 of the mask 1, are sequentially arranged on the horizontal lines X X X X X X,', X in the form of horizontal rows of triplets as shown in FIGS 3A and 3B.
  • the phosphor dots D D and D on the phosphor screen 3 the
  • the beam triplets l0 which strike the screen 18 in line, pass through individual apertures 19 tilted relative to the original line of alignment of the three beams as shown in FIG. 4.
  • This phenomenon is referred to as the twist of the inline beam triplets.
  • the twist phenomenon is a purely geometrical efi'ect caused by the combination of in-line alignment of three beams and a spherical screen. Considering the coordinate system illustrated in FIG. 1, the
  • intersection line I which is an elliptical arc when viewed from the z-axis direction and is expressed as follows.
  • Equation (1) R is the radius of curvature of the spherical screen 18 and L is the distance from the deflection center of the beams to the center of the screen. This is the cause of the twist of a landing in-line beam triplet.
  • the diameter of the phosphor dots D D and D is selected to be the same as described in FIG. 3 the phosphor dots corresponding to one of the horizontal rows of apertures 2 overlap those of adjacent horizontal rows of apertures. This is due to the fixed relative arrangements of adjacent apertures, as depicted in FIG. 5A. To avoid this overlap, the diameter of the apertures of the shadow mask is selected to be small in accordance with the angle 0, and the diameter 4) of the phosphor dots on the screen 3 is selected correspondingly.
  • the beam impact allowance considerably decreases as a consequence of the twist phenomenon of the landing beam triplets (FIG. 5A).
  • Equation l the horizontal alignment lines of the apertures must be the arcs of the ellipses given by the Equation l) which is the solution of the differential equation of the geometrical twist.
  • the vertical alignment lines can be obtained by solving the following difierential equation which is the inverse, and has the opposite sign, of the equation of geometrical twist (Eq. 2).
  • Equation 6 has the following approximate form which causes and error of 121 at most, in the orthogonality between the horizontal and vertical alignment lines.
  • Equation (4), (6) and (7) were derived on the basis of the spherically pressed shadow mask. These equations relate to the alignment lines of the apertures on the spherically pressed shadow mask when viewed from the z-axis direction. However, considering the experimental result that when a flat shadow mask is pressed into a nearly spherical surface, the displacement of the aperture position occurs almost only in the z-direction and the displacement in the x-y plane is negligibly small. These equations can be interpreted to mean the alignment lines of the apertures on the flat (prepressed) shadow mask.
  • the horizontal alignment lines of the apertures are made barrel-shaped; and the vertical alignment lines of the apertures are made pin-cushioned so as to be orthogonal to the horizontal alignment lines throughout the shadow mask plane.
  • the apertures are positioned at the intersections of the horizontal and vertical alignment lines.
  • the curve of the horizontal alignment lines is obtained by solving the differential equation (Eq. 8) to obtain an equation corresponding to Equation (4) and by satisfying the resulting equation.
  • the curve of the vertical alignment lines is obtained by solving the following differential equation which is the inverse and has the opposite sign of Equation 8 d x *IW any (Eq. 9)
  • the mask is also applicable to the case where these electron beams enter the position of the deflection means while being aligned in a common vertical plane.
  • the pitches of the apertures 2 on the horizontal and vertical alignment lines X and Y on the mask 1 are respectively x and y (1: 43y peculiar to the xand y-axis and the apertures on each line are arranged at regular intervals and the pitches of the apertures 2 of the vertical alignment lines are gradually increased according to the distance from the center of the mask 1, while the pitches of the apertures 2 of the horizontal alignment lines are gradually decreased according to the distance from the center of the mask 1.
  • this does not provide the aforementioned relationship that the pitch Lx of adjacent vertical columns of apertures of the mask 1 be ⁇ 3 times the pitch Ly of adjacent horizontal rows of apertures at places remote from the center of the mask 1.
  • the horizontal rows of the triplets of the phosphor dots D D and D laid down on the screen 3 at places remote from the center of the mask 1 tilt against the horizontal lines and do not overlap adjacent dots as depicted in FIG. 7.
  • the vertical spacings of the phosphor dots are reduced as compared with the vertical spacing at the center of the screen and the horizontal spacings of the dots are enlarged as compared with the horizontal spacing at the center. This does not fully satisfy the requirement for closely packed hexagonal arrays of the phosphor dots and introduces the possibility of deterioration of color purity resulting from overlapping of the phosphor dots of adjacent horizontal rows of the triplets at places more remote from the center of the screen than the abovementioned ones as shown in FIG. 5C.
  • the present invention has for its object the improvement of the shadow mask of the type depicted in FIG. 6 for use with a shadow mask color cathode ray tube of the type in which the red, green and blue electron beams, aligned in a common horizontal plane, are deflected by deflection means horizontally and vertically, still in a common plane, and are thereby caused to scan an outwardly curved spherical screen through a shadow mask.
  • the shadow mask of this invention is featured first in that the pitches of the apertures are enlarged at both ends of the vertical alignment lines and the pitches of the apertures are reduced at both ends of the horizontal alignment lines so that the pitches of the horizontal and vertical alignment lines of the apertures at the comer regions of the mask are substantially equal to those at the center of the mask.
  • the shadow mask of the present invention is further arranged so that the diameters of the apertures of the shadow mask vary to provide equi-transmission-factor curves of the electron beams through the shadow mask. As shown in FIG. 10, such curves may be circles 70, which are concentric substantially about the center of the shadow mask 1. The transmission factors of the apertures are reduced from the center of the mask to the peripheral portion thereof. There are several reasons why the equi-transmission-factor curves of the electron beams are in the form of circles substantially concentric about the center of the shadow mask. One reason is that respective portions of the color cathode ray tube are usually formed chiefly with parts symmetrical about the axis of the tube.
  • substantially the entire construction of the cathode ray tube is symmetrical about the axis thereof.
  • Deterioration of color purity on the screen varies concentrically outward from the center of the screen due to errors in the mechanical precision of the parts and their arrangements, thermal deformation of the shadow mask, the influence of earth magnetism and so on.
  • horizontal and vertical alignment lines running across the aperture 2 at a desired point P on the mask 1, respectively based upon the aforementioned Equations (4) and (6) are respectively designated by the intersecting point of the line Xm with the y-axis (Yo) is and the intersecting point of the line Xrn with the y-axis (Y is indicated by B(O, y,,,) and the intersecting point of the line Y with the x-axis is identified by A (x,,, 0
  • Equations (4) and (6) are expressed as follows, by substituting y,,, and x, for y and x in Equations (4) and (6), respectively, and by approximately solving simultaneous equations derived therefrom.
  • Equation 20 is expressed as follows:
  • Equation (23) is expressed approximately as follows:
  • Equations (25) and (26), thus obtained respectively represent the pitches of the vertical and horizontal alignment of the apertures on the xand y-axis when P (n, m), and Py (n, m) at the'point'P on the line y 71: on the mask plane, are equal to P (0, and P (0, 0) at the center of the mask.
  • Equations (25) and (26) are expressed as including 7 used in the line y 7x. If the vertical and horizontal alignment lines of the apertures at the desired point P on the mask plane, given by the Equations (14) and (15), are expanded by substituting Equations (25) and (26), Equations (14) and (15) are then expressed by the following equations.
  • Equations (25) and (26) are respectively expressed by the following equations for x and y,,,.
  • the shadow mask of this invention is of such a construction, as depicted in FIG. 8, in which the pitches of the horizontal and vertical alignment lines of the apertures on the vertical and horizontal alignment lines passing through the center of the mask are respectively increased and decreased as both side edges of the mask are approached from its center, in a manner to satisfy the aforementioned Equations (25) and (26) or (38) and (39).
  • the coordinate of the desired point P on the mask 1 is taken as P ⁇ x (n, m), y (n, m) ⁇ the pitch ofthe horizontal alignment lines of the apertures in the vicinity of the point P is P n, m) and the distance between adjacent apertures 2 on the alignment line Yn near the point P is P (n, m).
  • the horizontal alignment lines are inclined at an angle to the horizontal line (the x-axis X as expressed in the aforementioned Equation (2), so that the vertical alignment lines are also inclined at an angle 0 to the vertical line (the y-axis Y Accordingly, P n, m) is given by the following equation.
  • Equation 2 Vl-l-tan' B and tan 6 is given by Equation 2) but this Equation (2) may be rewritten as follows, by approximation neglecting terms higher than second order as was done in obtaining the Equations and (l l Accordingly, the following equation is obtained by substituting Equation 42 into 41 or F 'R L since l u l u/2 when u is selected to be a desired small number. Neglecting (xy/RL) in the right side of the equation (43) by approximation similar to the above-described one, it follows that cos 0:
  • Equation (40) is rewritten as follows:
  • Equation 26
  • Equation (26) If y used in y 'yx in the Equation (26) is selected as l as previously described, the Equation (26) can be rewritten as follows:
  • Equations 15 and 16 are respectively rewritten follows:
  • 2P- (0, 0) is the distance between adjacent apertures on the vertical alignment lines at the center of the mask. Accordingly, if this distance between adjacent apertures is taken as P(0, 0),
  • Equation 52 if P(n, m), x (n, m) and y(n, m) in Equation (52) are respectively expressed as P(x, y), x and y, Equation 2) is rewritten as follows:
  • the P (n, m) between adjacent apertures on the alignment lines Yn near the point P is obtained as P (x, y) by the Equation (54).
  • T (0) is the transmission factor of the mask at ig enter and k is a gonstant.
  • the transmission factor T (x, y) is given by the following equation.
  • Equation (59) is based upon Equation (5 5) which is true in the case where the equi-transmissionfactor distribution is in the form of circles concentric about the center of the mask, it will be apparent that the distribution of the aperture diameters can be obtained by substituting into Equation (59) Equation (54) representing the distribution of the distances between the apertures. Accordingly, the following equation is derived from Equations 54) and (59).
  • Equation 61 is given by the following equation.
  • the equi-diameter lines of the apertures are those loci at points where the ratio of the aperture diameter D (x, y) at any point on the mask to the diameter D (x, y) at the center of the has a constant value (referred to as a), namely those loci satisfying the following equation Accordingly, by substituting Equation (63) into Equation (62), the equi-diameter lines of the apertures in this invention is given by the following equation.
  • the radius of curvature R of the screen is usually two to three times as long as the distance L and k has a value nearly equal to URL. Therefore,
  • Equation (64) Equation (64)
  • the equi-diameter lines of the apertures in this invention can be obtained.
  • the cquikliameter lines form ellipses substantially about the center of the mask 1, as indicated by reference numeral 111 in FIG. IIA.
  • Each of these ellipses has a longer diameter 77 and a shorter diameter Ellie diameters of the apertures are reduced as the peripheral region of the mask is approached from its center.
  • the transmission factor of the electron beams through the shadow mask is enhanced to provide the reproduced picture with brightness and the equi-transmission-factor curves which are circles substantially concentric about the center of the shadow mask readily compensate deterioration of the color purity, thus ensuring a color picture of good quality.
  • a cathode ray tube comprising a curved screen having deposited thereon a plurality of phosphor dot triplets emitting light in a plurality of colors, means for generating a plurality of electron beams, the deflection centers of the electron beams being aligned in a common plane, and a shadow mask having a curvature similar to that of said screen and located between the screen and the beam generating means, the shadow mask having a plurality of apertures therethrough and a transmission-factor at each elemental area, said transmission-factor being related to the location of said elemental area and being is proportional to the diameter of said apertures in said elemental area and inversely proportional to the spacing between said apertures in said elemental area, and in which said apertures are located at the intersecting points of horizontal and vertical curved lines, the spacing of the horizontal curved lines increases and that of the vertical curved lines decreases as the periphery of the shadow mask is approached and said transmission-factor varies from one of said elemental areas to another of said elemental areas

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US41009A 1969-05-31 1970-05-27 Cathode ray tube having shadow mask apertures aligned along curved horizontal and vertical lines Expired - Lifetime US3686525A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109177A (en) * 1971-07-22 1978-08-22 Rca Corporation Cathode-ray tube having apertured mask
US4475056A (en) * 1980-07-23 1984-10-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Color picture tube for character display
US4614893A (en) * 1980-09-30 1986-09-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Color display tube
US4636683A (en) * 1983-03-10 1987-01-13 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Color cathode-ray tube having shadow mask with variable sized apertures
US4665339A (en) * 1984-05-25 1987-05-12 Rca Corporation Color picture tube having improved slit column pattern
US4794299A (en) * 1986-03-25 1988-12-27 Zenith Electronics Corporation Flat tension mask color CRT front assembly with improved mask for degrouping error compensation
US4893054A (en) * 1987-03-03 1990-01-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Shadow mask type color cathode ray tube
US5099169A (en) * 1990-03-08 1992-03-24 U.S. Philips Corporation Shadow mask color display tube
US5616985A (en) * 1994-02-08 1997-04-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Shadow-mask color cathode ray tube
EP0747922A3 (en) * 1995-06-06 1997-05-28 Thomson Consumer Electronics Color picture tube with a shadow mask with improved opening distance
CN1061779C (zh) * 1995-11-14 2001-02-07 汤姆森消费电子有限公司 具有改进孔隙形状的荫罩的彩色显像管
US6512325B1 (en) * 1998-06-29 2003-01-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Shadow mask for color cathode ray tube having a vertical pitch defined by multiple mathematical functions
US6548954B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2003-04-15 Hitachi Ltd. Color cathode ray tube with black matrix holes having different diameters
US6630775B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-10-07 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Tension mask frame assembly for color cathode ray tube

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IN165336B (en)) * 1985-03-14 1989-09-23 Rca Corp

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2741724A (en) * 1951-11-27 1956-04-10 Rauland Corp Image-reproducing device
US2755402A (en) * 1953-09-28 1956-07-17 Rca Corp Color kinescopes of the masked-target dot-screen variety
US2947899A (en) * 1958-01-23 1960-08-02 Zenith Radio Corp Color image reproducers
US3421048A (en) * 1967-08-18 1969-01-07 Rauland Corp Color-selection mask and post-deflection focus assembly for a color tube
US3435268A (en) * 1966-08-19 1969-03-25 Gen Electric In-line plural beam cathode ray tube with an aspherical aperture mask
US3573528A (en) * 1968-02-12 1971-04-06 Sony Corp Color picture tube grid structure with nonuniform generally parallel slits

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2741724A (en) * 1951-11-27 1956-04-10 Rauland Corp Image-reproducing device
US2755402A (en) * 1953-09-28 1956-07-17 Rca Corp Color kinescopes of the masked-target dot-screen variety
US2947899A (en) * 1958-01-23 1960-08-02 Zenith Radio Corp Color image reproducers
US3435268A (en) * 1966-08-19 1969-03-25 Gen Electric In-line plural beam cathode ray tube with an aspherical aperture mask
US3421048A (en) * 1967-08-18 1969-01-07 Rauland Corp Color-selection mask and post-deflection focus assembly for a color tube
US3573528A (en) * 1968-02-12 1971-04-06 Sony Corp Color picture tube grid structure with nonuniform generally parallel slits

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109177A (en) * 1971-07-22 1978-08-22 Rca Corporation Cathode-ray tube having apertured mask
US4475056A (en) * 1980-07-23 1984-10-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Color picture tube for character display
US4614893A (en) * 1980-09-30 1986-09-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Color display tube
US4636683A (en) * 1983-03-10 1987-01-13 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Color cathode-ray tube having shadow mask with variable sized apertures
US4665339A (en) * 1984-05-25 1987-05-12 Rca Corporation Color picture tube having improved slit column pattern
US4794299A (en) * 1986-03-25 1988-12-27 Zenith Electronics Corporation Flat tension mask color CRT front assembly with improved mask for degrouping error compensation
US4893054A (en) * 1987-03-03 1990-01-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Shadow mask type color cathode ray tube
US5099169A (en) * 1990-03-08 1992-03-24 U.S. Philips Corporation Shadow mask color display tube
US5616985A (en) * 1994-02-08 1997-04-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Shadow-mask color cathode ray tube
EP0747922A3 (en) * 1995-06-06 1997-05-28 Thomson Consumer Electronics Color picture tube with a shadow mask with improved opening distance
CN1061779C (zh) * 1995-11-14 2001-02-07 汤姆森消费电子有限公司 具有改进孔隙形状的荫罩的彩色显像管
US6512325B1 (en) * 1998-06-29 2003-01-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Shadow mask for color cathode ray tube having a vertical pitch defined by multiple mathematical functions
US6630775B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-10-07 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Tension mask frame assembly for color cathode ray tube
US6548954B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2003-04-15 Hitachi Ltd. Color cathode ray tube with black matrix holes having different diameters
EP1160823A3 (en) * 2000-06-01 2003-10-29 Hitachi, Ltd. Color cathode ray tube

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CA1076637A (en) 1980-04-29
NL7007876A (en)) 1970-12-02
DE2026412A1 (de) 1970-12-03
GB1310366A (en) 1973-03-21
JPS4831372B1 (en)) 1973-09-28
FR2048996A5 (en)) 1971-03-19

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