US3685986A - Mixture for protecting surface of metal in process of casting - Google Patents

Mixture for protecting surface of metal in process of casting Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3685986A
US3685986A US20412A US3685986DA US3685986A US 3685986 A US3685986 A US 3685986A US 20412 A US20412 A US 20412A US 3685986D A US3685986D A US 3685986DA US 3685986 A US3685986 A US 3685986A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mixture
metal
percent
casting
boron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US20412A
Inventor
Viktor Savelievich Rutes
Vladimir Konstantinovic Petrov
Aram Aristagesovich Terterian
Mikhail Grigorievich Chigrinov
Erik Rikhardovich Ballad
Vladimir Borisovich Gankin
Serafim Vasilievich Kolpakov
Dmitry Petrovich Evteev
Anatoly Ivanovich Manokhin
Petr Sergeevich Klimashin
Elena Pavlovna Matevosian
Oleg Vasilievich Nosochenko
Alexandr Sergeevich Lavrov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TSENTRALNY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY INST CHERNOI
TSNII CHERNOI
Original Assignee
TSNII CHERNOI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TSNII CHERNOI filed Critical TSNII CHERNOI
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3685986A publication Critical patent/US3685986A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/006General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/111Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to metallurgy and more particularly to mixtures for protecting the surface of metal in the process of casting thereof.
  • the proposed invention can be most effectively used in the process of continuous casting of metals, particularly when casting large (400-500 t.) quantities of metal.
  • the known mixtures for protecting the surface of metal during the casting thereof comprise heat-insulating and fluxing materials.
  • the heat-insulating material in the known mixtures consists of graphite in an amount of 45 to 55 percent by weight and the fluxing material consists of cryolite in an amount of up to 6.6 percent by weight in combination with a glass powder, accounting to 5.5 percent by weight, and bentonite or clay in an amount of up to 33 percent by weight.
  • the known mixture is disadvantageous in a low assim' ilation capacity of the slag composition, a high viscosity of the slag (higher than 1.5 poise) within the working temperature range of 1100 to 1200 C. due to the stiflening action of the aluminium oxide fed together with bentonite or clay.
  • the stiffening of the slag, particularly in a mould results in an intensive growth of the slag component which, in turn, leads to a disturbance in the heat transfer within the mould and thinning of the solidified skin of the ingot. This may be a cause of destruction of the mechanically weak skin of the ingot being withdrawn and an emergency breakdown of the metal under the mould.
  • the above-said known composition of the mixture does not allow the granularity of the cast metal Patented Aug. 22, 1972 to be controlled by means of modification of this metal.
  • mixtures for protecting the metal surface during the casting of low-carbon stainless steels comprising the following components (percent by weight): nickel 18-20, chrome 10-20, titanium up to 1.0.
  • These known mixtures contain the following components (percent by weight): powdery aluminium 14.5, Silicocalcium 5.5, sodium nitrate 9.0, iron scale (rolling) 19.0, fluorite 26.0, silicate lump 20.0, blast-furnace slag 9.0.
  • aluminium powder in this mixture is a cause of an increased content of aluminium oxides in the slag and this deteriorates the assimilating capacity thereof, disturbs the heat transfer in the mould, thus thinning the skin of the solidified ingot, which fact, in turn, increases the probability of emergency breakdowns of the metal in the mould.
  • This composition of the known mixture also does not allow the granularity of the cast metal to be controlled.
  • an object of the invention is to eliminate said disadvantages.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a mixture for protecting the surface of metal during the casting thereof, the flux-forming material of which would contain components which in combination with a heatinsulating material would contribute to good assimilation of the high-melting inclusions coming to the surface of the metal being cast.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a protecting mixture having a low viscosity within the range of working temperatures (the viscosity should be not higher than 1.5 poise at 1050 to 1200" C.).
  • Yet another important object of the invention is to provide a mixture for protecting the surface of a metal being cast which would make it possible to change the granular structure of the cast metal.
  • the heat insulating material is composed of graphite in an amount of 5 to percent by Weight and the flux-forming material conists of cryolite in an amount of 5 to 30 percent by weight in combination with a boron-containing compound in an amount of 2 to 30 percent by Weight.
  • Silicate lump 5-15 is preferably used during the casting of high-alloy lowcarbon steels, particularly if the alloying elements (Ti, Cr, etc.) are prone to carbide formation.
  • the terms rolling iron scale and silicate lump, as used herein, are Well known in this art.
  • Rolling iron scale refers to a thin outer iron oxide layer, removable as peel or flakes, formed on the outer surface of iron when heating for processing by rolling.
  • silicate lump refers to a lump or mass of alkaline silicate (3 SiO -Na O) allowed to cool slowly at ambient temperature from the molten state.
  • the boron-containing compound in the proposed mixture may consist of boron anhydride or boron ore.
  • the heat-insulating material is composed of graphite in an amount of 5 to 90 percent by weight while the flux-forming material is composed of cryolite in an amount of 5 to percent by weight in combination with a boroncontaining compound in an amount of 2 to 30 percent by weight.
  • the heat-insulating material i.e., graphite improves the heat conditions on the surface of the metal being cast preventing thermal losses of metal due to the radiation and convection of the gas medium.
  • the graphite served as a lubricating agent both for the mould and for the ingot being withdrawn therefrom in the process of continuous casting.
  • the flux-forming material that is, cryolite
  • a boron-containing compound develops a lowmelting slag on the surface of the metal being cast.
  • the melting point of the slag is about 900 C. and this fact provides for its high assimilation capacity in relation to the high-melting inclusions even under conditions of casting a non-ageing steel for deep drawing stabilized with aluminium wherein the residual metallic aluminium in the metal comes to 0.05 to 0.07%.
  • the viscosity of the slag during the continuous casting of this steel does not exceed 1.5 poise within the range of working temperatures of 1050 to 1200 C. and this provides for a good balance in the consumption of slag in the mixture when continuously applying it onto the surface of the metal being cast in the mould.
  • the critical amount of the boron-containing compound in the mixture is equal to that in the slag which in the process of hot rolling would lead to red shortness.
  • the components of the proposed mixture must be ground to a fraction of $0.5 mm., carefully stirred and dried at t-350 C. during 4 to 6 hours.
  • the dried and hermetically sealed mixture may be stored during 45-60 days. If the time of storage of the mixture exceeds 60 days, the drying should be repeated.
  • the most advantageous mixture used during the casting of low-allow carbon steels, particularly in the process of continuous casting contains the following components (percent by weight):
  • Graphite -90 Cryolite 5-30 Boron-containing compound 5-30 Graphite -90 Cryolite 5-30 Boron-containing compound 5-30 .
  • a flux-forming compound i.e., cryolite and of a boron-containing compound
  • Any increase of the quantity of a boron-containing compound disintegrates the cast structure of the metal, i.e., intensifies the effect of its modification.
  • composition of a mixture developed for casting of non-ageing steel stabilized by aluminium and intended for deep drawing comprises, in percent by weight: graphite 50-70, cryolite 16-20 and a boron-containing compound 12-25.
  • the limits of the percentage ratio of the components in the mixture are determined depending on the cross section of the continuously cast ingots. The more is the cross section of the ingot, the less is the amount of a flux-forming compound in the mixture.
  • the alloying elements are prone to formation of highmelting carbides which deteriorate the quality of the surface of the metal being cast, develop a floating skin impairing the quality of the metal and increase the probability of emergency penetration of the metal into the space under the mould.
  • the viscosity of the above slags within the range of working temperatures does not exceed 1.3 poise.
  • the boron-containing compound may be composed of boron anhydride B 0 or a boron ore Na B O
  • the proposed mixture of the above-said compositions intended for protection of the metal surface during the casting provides for a good quality of the surface and macrostructure of cast ingots produced by means of moulds.
  • the use of this mixture under conditions of continuous casting makes it possible to provide a good quality of a continuous ingot during the casting of large amounts of molten metal (up to 700-800 tons) without troubles (penetration of metals, sagging of ingots, etc.).
  • the composition of the flux-forming material of the composition makes it possible to practically avoid formation of a floating skin, to completely assimilate all inclusions coming to the surface of the molten metal, and this provides for a high quality of the surface and macrostructure of the cast metal.
  • the good viscous properties of the slag within the working temperature range (1.3 to 1.5 poise at t: 1050 to 1200" C.) provide for alignment of the front of solidification of the ingot envelope in the mould, and this eliminates external longitudinal and transverse frac- In the process of casting the slag compound under these mixtures has a thickness not higher than 1.0 to 1.5 mm., and this results in a thinning of the ingot skin.
  • the mixture having a composition according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain a granular cast structure in nickel-chrome stainless steels containing chrome 23% and nickel 18% and having tendency to transcrystallization.
  • a mixture for protection of the surface of metal during the casting comprising graphite in the amount of 5 to 90 percent by weight used as a heat-insulating material and cryolite in the amount of 5 to 30 percent by Weight in combination with a boron-containing compound in the amount of 2 to 30 percent by weight used as a flux-forming material.
  • Graphite 40-90 Cryolite 5-30 Boron-containing compound 5-30 pound 2-10 is provided with the following components (percent by weight) Silicocalcium 25-40 Sodium nitrate 5-15 Rolling iron scale 15-30 Silicate lump 5-15 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

A MIXTURE FOR PROTECTION OF THE SURFACE OF A METAL DURING THE CASTING OF THIS METAL COMPRISING GRAPHITE IN THE AMOUNT OF 5 TO 90 PERCENT BY WEIGHT USED AS A HEATINSULATING MATERIAL AND CRYOLITE IN THE AMOUNT OF 5 TO 30 PERCENT BY WEIGHT USED AS A FLUX-FORMING MATERIAL AND TAKEN IN COMBINATION WITH A BORON-CONTAINING COMPOUND IN THE AMOUNT OF 2 TO 30 PERCENT BY WEIGHT.

Description

United States Patent Ofice 3,685,986 MIXTURE FOR PROTECTING SURFACE F METAL IN PROCESS OF CASTlNG Viktor Savelievich Rutes, Vladimir Konstantinovich Petrov, Aram Aristagesovich Terterian, Mikhail Grigorievich Chigrinov, Erik Rikhardovich Ballad, and Vladimir Borisovich Gankin, Moscow, Serafim Vasilievich Kolpakov, Lipetsk, Dmitry Petrovich Evteev and Anatoly Ivanovich Manokhin, Moscow, Petr Sergeevich Klimashin, Lipetsk, Elena Pavlovna Matevosian and Oleg Vasilievich Nosochenko, Moscow, and Alexandr Sergeevich Lavrov, Lipetsk, U.S.S.R., assignors to Tsentralny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Chernoi, Metallurgia imeni I. P. Bardina, Moscow, U.S.S.R. No Drawing. Filed Mar. 17, 1970, Ser. No. 20,412 Int. Cl. C22b 9/10; BZZd 27/18 US. C]. 75-96 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A mixture for protection of the surface of a metal during the casting of this metal comprising graphite in the amount of 5 to 90 percent by weight used as a heatinsulating material and cryolite in the amount of 5 to 30 percent by weight used as a flux-forming material and taken in combination with a boron-containing compound in the amount of 2 to 30 percent by weight.
The present invention relates to metallurgy and more particularly to mixtures for protecting the surface of metal in the process of casting thereof.
The proposed invention can be most effectively used in the process of continuous casting of metals, particularly when casting large (400-500 t.) quantities of metal.
The known mixtures for protecting the surface of metal during the casting thereof comprise heat-insulating and fluxing materials.
The heat-insulating material in the known mixtures consists of graphite in an amount of 45 to 55 percent by weight and the fluxing material consists of cryolite in an amount of up to 6.6 percent by weight in combination with a glass powder, accounting to 5.5 percent by weight, and bentonite or clay in an amount of up to 33 percent by weight.
The known mixture is disadvantageous in a low assim' ilation capacity of the slag composition, a high viscosity of the slag (higher than 1.5 poise) within the working temperature range of 1100 to 1200 C. due to the stiflening action of the aluminium oxide fed together with bentonite or clay. The stiffening of the slag, particularly in a mould, results in an intensive growth of the slag component which, in turn, leads to a disturbance in the heat transfer within the mould and thinning of the solidified skin of the ingot. This may be a cause of destruction of the mechanically weak skin of the ingot being withdrawn and an emergency breakdown of the metal under the mould.
When casting steels, for example, nickel-chrome steels, or nickel-chrome-titanium alloys alloyed with elements prone to formation of carbide compounds, the use of the known mixture for protection of the metal surface is limited due to possible formation of high-melting chrome, titanium and vanadium carbides deteriorating the quality of the surface of the molten metal, therefore, considerably reducing the quality of the ingot.
The use of the known mixture during the casting of low-carbon steels is associated with intensive carbonization of the cast metal (surface carbonization on austenite steels comes up to formation of iron).
Furthermore, the above-said known composition of the mixture does not allow the granularity of the cast metal Patented Aug. 22, 1972 to be controlled by means of modification of this metal.
Also known in the art are mixtures for protecting the metal surface during the casting of low-carbon stainless steels comprising the following components (percent by weight): nickel 18-20, chrome 10-20, titanium up to 1.0. These known mixtures contain the following components (percent by weight): powdery aluminium 14.5, Silicocalcium 5.5, sodium nitrate 9.0, iron scale (rolling) 19.0, fluorite 26.0, silicate lump 20.0, blast-furnace slag 9.0. The presence of aluminium powder in this mixture is a cause of an increased content of aluminium oxides in the slag and this deteriorates the assimilating capacity thereof, disturbs the heat transfer in the mould, thus thinning the skin of the solidified ingot, which fact, in turn, increases the probability of emergency breakdowns of the metal in the mould.
This composition of the known mixture also does not allow the granularity of the cast metal to be controlled.
In view of the above-stated, an object of the invention is to eliminate said disadvantages.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a mixture for protecting the surface of metal during the casting thereof, the flux-forming material of which would contain components which in combination with a heatinsulating material would contribute to good assimilation of the high-melting inclusions coming to the surface of the metal being cast.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a protecting mixture having a low viscosity within the range of working temperatures (the viscosity should be not higher than 1.5 poise at 1050 to 1200" C.).
Yet another important object of the invention is to provide a mixture for protecting the surface of a metal being cast which would make it possible to change the granular structure of the cast metal.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a description of the proposed mixture in which, according to the invention, the heat insulating material is composed of graphite in an amount of 5 to percent by Weight and the flux-forming material conists of cryolite in an amount of 5 to 30 percent by weight in combination with a boron-containing compound in an amount of 2 to 30 percent by Weight.
The most favourable solution of the above mentioned problem, particularly under conditions of continuous casting of low-allow carbon steels, is obtained by using a mixture containing the following components (percent by weight): graphite 40-90, cryolite 5-30, and a boron-containing compound 5-30.
The mixture containing the following components (percent by weight):
Graphite 5-15 Cryolite 15-20 Boron-containing compound 2-10 Silicocalcium 25-40 Sodium nitrate 5-l5 Rolling iron scale 15-30 Silicate lump 5-15 is preferably used during the casting of high-alloy lowcarbon steels, particularly if the alloying elements (Ti, Cr, etc.) are prone to carbide formation. The terms rolling iron scale and silicate lump, as used herein, are Well known in this art. Rolling iron scale refers to a thin outer iron oxide layer, removable as peel or flakes, formed on the outer surface of iron when heating for processing by rolling. The term silicate lump refers to a lump or mass of alkaline silicate (3 SiO -Na O) allowed to cool slowly at ambient temperature from the molten state.
The boron-containing compound in the proposed mixture may consist of boron anhydride or boron ore.
The invention is further described by way of example.
In the proposed mixture for protecting the surface of metal during the casting, according to the invention the heat-insulating material is composed of graphite in an amount of 5 to 90 percent by weight while the flux-forming material is composed of cryolite in an amount of 5 to percent by weight in combination with a boroncontaining compound in an amount of 2 to 30 percent by weight.
The heat-insulating material, i.e., graphite improves the heat conditions on the surface of the metal being cast preventing thermal losses of metal due to the radiation and convection of the gas medium. Besides, the graphite served as a lubricating agent both for the mould and for the ingot being withdrawn therefrom in the process of continuous casting.
The flux-forming material, that is, cryolite, in combination with a boron-containing compound develops a lowmelting slag on the surface of the metal being cast. The melting point of the slag is about 900 C. and this fact provides for its high assimilation capacity in relation to the high-melting inclusions even under conditions of casting a non-ageing steel for deep drawing stabilized with aluminium wherein the residual metallic aluminium in the metal comes to 0.05 to 0.07%.
The viscosity of the slag during the continuous casting of this steel does not exceed 1.5 poise within the range of working temperatures of 1050 to 1200 C. and this provides for a good balance in the consumption of slag in the mixture when continuously applying it onto the surface of the metal being cast in the mould.
Furthermore, in this case it is possible to change the granular structure of the cast metal by the quantity of the boron-containing compound in the slag composition.
The critical amount of the boron-containing compound in the mixture is equal to that in the slag which in the process of hot rolling would lead to red shortness.
The components of the proposed mixture must be ground to a fraction of $0.5 mm., carefully stirred and dried at t-350 C. during 4 to 6 hours. The dried and hermetically sealed mixture may be stored during 45-60 days. If the time of storage of the mixture exceeds 60 days, the drying should be repeated.
The most advantageous mixture used during the casting of low-allow carbon steels, particularly in the process of continuous casting, contains the following components (percent by weight):
Graphite -90 Cryolite 5-30 Boron-containing compound 5-30 .An increase of the content of a flux-forming compound, i.e., cryolite and of a boron-containing compound, improves the assimilation capacity of the slag. Any increase of the quantity of a boron-containing compound disintegrates the cast structure of the metal, i.e., intensifies the effect of its modification.
Thus, the composition of a mixture developed for casting of non-ageing steel stabilized by aluminium and intended for deep drawing (steel sheets for stamping car bodies) comprises, in percent by weight: graphite 50-70, cryolite 16-20 and a boron-containing compound 12-25.
The limits of the percentage ratio of the components in the mixture are determined depending on the cross section of the continuously cast ingots. The more is the cross section of the ingot, the less is the amount of a flux-forming compound in the mixture.
When casting a silicon-manganese steel for high-diameter tubes (higher than 1.5 m.) intended for main pipelines, it is advisable to use a mixture having the following components (percent by weight): graphite 90.0, cryolite 7.0, a boron-containing compound 3.0.
When casting high-alloy low-carbon steels, the selection of a mixture for protection of the metal surface should be made taking into account the following:
The alloying elements are prone to formation of highmelting carbides which deteriorate the quality of the surface of the metal being cast, develop a floating skin impairing the quality of the metal and increase the probability of emergency penetration of the metal into the space under the mould.
The probability of carbonization is increased alongside with reduction of carbon in the steel.
In this connection, a mixture for protecting the surface of a metal during the casting has been developed, which in addition to (percent by weight) graphite 5-15, cryolite 15-30, a boron-containing compound, 2-10 includes the following components:
Silicocalcium 25-40 Sodium nitrate 5-15 Rolling iron scale 15-30 Silicate lump 5-15 Graphite a- 6.0 Cryolite 20.0 Boron-containing compound 10.0 Silicocalcium 27.0 Sodium nitrate 7.0 Rolling iron scale 20.0 Silicate lump 10.0
During the continuous casting of the same steel in a mould having a cross section of 220 x 220 mm. a mixture has been used which had the following composition (percent by weight):
Graphite 5.0 Cryolite 15.0 Boron-containing compound 3.0 Silicocalcium 35.0 Sodium nitrate 10.0 Rolling iron scale 22.0 Silicate lump 10.0
The viscosity of the above slags within the range of working temperatures does not exceed 1.3 poise.
The boron-containing compound may be composed of boron anhydride B 0 or a boron ore Na B O The proposed mixture of the above-said compositions intended for protection of the metal surface during the casting provides for a good quality of the surface and macrostructure of cast ingots produced by means of moulds. The use of this mixture under conditions of continuous casting makes it possible to provide a good quality of a continuous ingot during the casting of large amounts of molten metal (up to 700-800 tons) without troubles (penetration of metals, sagging of ingots, etc.).
The composition of the flux-forming material of the composition, according to the invention, makes it possible to practically avoid formation of a floating skin, to completely assimilate all inclusions coming to the surface of the molten metal, and this provides for a high quality of the surface and macrostructure of the cast metal. The good viscous properties of the slag within the working temperature range (1.3 to 1.5 poise at t: 1050 to 1200" C.) provide for alignment of the front of solidification of the ingot envelope in the mould, and this eliminates external longitudinal and transverse frac- In the process of casting the slag compound under these mixtures has a thickness not higher than 1.0 to 1.5 mm., and this results in a thinning of the ingot skin.
It has been found that due to an increase of the heat transfer in the lower portion of the mould the thickness of the skin of the mould at the outlet thereof is practically 10 to 15% higher than under the mixture of the known composition.
The presence of boron-containing compounds in the mixture makes it possible to afiect the cast structure of the ingot.
Thus, the mixture having a composition according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain a granular cast structure in nickel-chrome stainless steels containing chrome 23% and nickel 18% and having tendency to transcrystallization.
We claim:
1. A mixture for protection of the surface of metal during the casting comprising graphite in the amount of 5 to 90 percent by weight used as a heat-insulating material and cryolite in the amount of 5 to 30 percent by Weight in combination with a boron-containing compound in the amount of 2 to 30 percent by weight used as a flux-forming material.
2. A mixture as claimed in claim 1 containing in percent by weight:
Graphite 40-90 Cryolite 5-30 Boron-containing compound 5-30 pound 2-10, is provided with the following components (percent by weight) Silicocalcium 25-40 Sodium nitrate 5-15 Rolling iron scale 15-30 Silicate lump 5-15 4. A mixture as claimed in claim 1, in which a boron anhydride is used as the boron-containing compound.
5. A mixture as claimed in claim 1, in which a boron ore is used as the boron-containing compound.
References Cited WINSTON A. DOUGLAS, Primary Examiner M. J. ANDREWS, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 164-55, 56, 73
US20412A 1970-03-17 1970-03-17 Mixture for protecting surface of metal in process of casting Expired - Lifetime US3685986A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2041270A 1970-03-17 1970-03-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3685986A true US3685986A (en) 1972-08-22

Family

ID=21798490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US20412A Expired - Lifetime US3685986A (en) 1970-03-17 1970-03-17 Mixture for protecting surface of metal in process of casting

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3685986A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3794102A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-02-26 Berkenhoff & Co Method and apparatus for continuously casting non-ferrous metals in a graphite-glassy substance mold
US3926246A (en) * 1972-09-18 1975-12-16 Scm Corp Flux for continuous casting of steel
US3934637A (en) * 1973-03-28 1976-01-27 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
US3935895A (en) * 1973-06-14 1976-02-03 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Continuous steel casting method
US4195002A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-03-25 International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc. Water-dispersible coatings containing boron nitride for steel casting dies
US4310572A (en) * 1980-04-11 1982-01-12 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method for wiping hot dip metallic coatings
US4421054A (en) * 1980-04-11 1983-12-20 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for preventing surface blemishes on aluminum-zinc alloy coatings
US4440575A (en) * 1979-06-11 1984-04-03 Daussan Jean Granular insulation product and process for its preparation
US5651412A (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-07-29 Armco Inc. Strip casting with fluxing agent applied to casting roll

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3794102A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-02-26 Berkenhoff & Co Method and apparatus for continuously casting non-ferrous metals in a graphite-glassy substance mold
US3926246A (en) * 1972-09-18 1975-12-16 Scm Corp Flux for continuous casting of steel
US3934637A (en) * 1973-03-28 1976-01-27 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
US3935895A (en) * 1973-06-14 1976-02-03 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Continuous steel casting method
US4195002A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-03-25 International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc. Water-dispersible coatings containing boron nitride for steel casting dies
US4440575A (en) * 1979-06-11 1984-04-03 Daussan Jean Granular insulation product and process for its preparation
US4310572A (en) * 1980-04-11 1982-01-12 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method for wiping hot dip metallic coatings
US4421054A (en) * 1980-04-11 1983-12-20 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for preventing surface blemishes on aluminum-zinc alloy coatings
US5651412A (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-07-29 Armco Inc. Strip casting with fluxing agent applied to casting roll

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9108242B2 (en) Grain refiners for steel-manufacturing methods and use
Sundar et al. Processing of iron aluminides
CN101160183A (en) Process and installation for producing a lightweight structural steel with a high manganese content
US3685986A (en) Mixture for protecting surface of metal in process of casting
EP0170963B1 (en) Rapidly solifified aluminum-transition metal-silicon alloys
CN109252084B (en) Preparation process of high-purity GH825 alloy fine-grain plate
US4440568A (en) Boron alloying additive for continuously casting boron steel
Satya Prasad et al. Melting, processing, and properties of disordered Fe-Al and Fe-Al-C based alloys
US3937269A (en) Mold powder composition and method for continuously casting employing the same
ID24078A (en) CANAI WHICH SURFACE THE AMORE OR GLASS MIXED METALS FOR CONTINUUING SUPPORT OF METALS
Long et al. Research on the corrosion resistance and mechanism of Fe-Cr-Si alloy in molten aluminum
RU2244025C2 (en) Sintered agglomerates and method for producing the same
Voron et al. Microstructure, mechanical and high temperature properties of cast high Mn low-density steels alloying by small Lanthanum additions
Fay et al. Inoculation solutions against metallurgical problems
US2519593A (en) Trough for use in alloying metals
EP0304284B1 (en) Aluminum alloys and a method of production
US3459540A (en) Production of clean fine grain steels
JP3925697B2 (en) Ti-containing Fe-Cr-Ni steel excellent in surface properties and casting method thereof
Zheng et al. Compositional Optimization of ESR Slags for H13 Steel Containing Ce and Mg
JP3475607B2 (en) Prevention of chunky graphite crystallization of spheroidal graphite cast iron.
Fras et al. The influence of oxygen on the inoculation process of cast iron
RU2233906C1 (en) Austenite steel
JP3341673B2 (en) Continuous casting method of stainless steel containing boron
US3719475A (en) Low carbon ferrous alloy containing chromium
Chakraborty et al. A study on the preparation of iron aluminium based intermetallic alloy by aluminothermic smelting technique