US3685339A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing bearing rings - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for manufacturing bearing rings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3685339A
US3685339A US836474A US3685339DA US3685339A US 3685339 A US3685339 A US 3685339A US 836474 A US836474 A US 836474A US 3685339D A US3685339D A US 3685339DA US 3685339 A US3685339 A US 3685339A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
mandrel
bore
die
jaw
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US836474A
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English (en)
Inventor
Traian Goguta
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UZINA RULMENTUL
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UZINA RULMENTUL
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UZINA RULMENTUL filed Critical UZINA RULMENTUL
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/04—Making machine elements ball-races or sliding bearing races
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/10—Making other particular articles parts of bearings; sleeves; valve seats or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D21/00—Machines or devices for shearing or cutting tubes
    • B23D21/14—Machines or devices for shearing or cutting tubes cutting inside the tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49689—Race making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for automatically producing inner race rings for rolling-contact bearings.
  • the present method produces the race rings by cold working and uses stock tubing as the input material.
  • race rings by plastic-working techniques; as, for example, by the hot rolling of rings whose initial cross section is rectangular.
  • the requisite heating produces a degradation of the rolled surface and subsequent machining requires large material allowances to be made.
  • the material gradually takes the form of the die.
  • Rolling causes the granular structure of this type of steel to become fibrous.
  • the initial granular structure improves due to the stretching and the thickness reduction achieved when drawing the tube.
  • This pronounced fibrous structure provides a half-finished bearing ring with certain desirable properties at the raceway due to a desirable orientation of fibers. It has been shown that in order to achieve bearings having a maximum service life, the fibers of the material must be oriented so as not to be cut by the surface of the raceway of the bearing ring.
  • Orientation of the fibers in the steel to conform with the contour of the surface of the raceway can be achieved by the process according to the present invention.
  • the inner race of a rolling contact bearing normally fails first during running of the bearing.
  • the method of the present invention includes the steps of inserting a mandrel into the interior of a length of tube, placing a die about the exterior of the tube at approximately its midpoint, and compressing the opposite ends of the tube while the mandrel and die are so positioned to form shoulders on each axial end of the tube for retention of ball bearings.
  • the length of tube is prepared by the steps of placing the mandrel within the end of a tubular extensive length so that the mandrel end is positioned at a distance from the tube end equal to the length of tube required to shape one ball bearing raceway, and cutting the tube with the mandrel therein at the point to which the end of the mandrel extends.
  • This apparatus has a support structure, sleeve means having an axial end mounted on the support structure for holding a tube to be processed within it with one end of the tube extending past the axial end, a mandrel having an axial end and arranged to be inserted within the tube, means mounting the mandrel on the support to move the mandrel into the tube with the axial end of the mandrel positioned and aligned with the end of the sleeve, a cutting tool having a cutting edge for cutting the portion of the tube projecting beyond the axial end of the sleeve means, means mounting the cutting tool for movement of the cutting edge in engagement with the axial end of the sleeve to thereby cut the portion of the tube projecting beyond the axial end of the sleeve from the remainder of the tube, a die having a shape corresponding to the exterior of the ball bearing raceway to be pressed, means mounting the die on the support structure for movement
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic showing, partly in cross section, of a first operating position of apparatus for performing the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a'schematic showing similar to FIG. 1 with the apparatus in a second operating position.
  • FIG. 3 is a partly schematic top plan view of the die for forming the bearing ring, together with the die actuating device.
  • the pressing apparatus according to the present invention is arranged on a support structure S, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
  • the partial topright-to-bottom-left hatching indicates the various segmentsof this support structure S.
  • Pressing jaws A and B are mounted on the structure S in opposed relationship for movement toward and away from one another.
  • the jaws A and B are represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the partial top-left-tobottom-right hatching.
  • the apparatus is actuated by a suitable, known motor M.
  • Motor M rotates a pair of cam shafts 1 and 2.
  • Cams C and C are mounted on cam shaft 1 and earns C through C are mounted on cam shaft 2.
  • Rotary motion is transferred from cam shaft 1 to cam shaft 2 by means of a pair of suitable, known bevel gears.
  • the jaws A and B are mechanically actuated that is, hydraulically or pneumatically through piston and aball cylinder arrangements 3 and 4.
  • Each piston and cylinder arrangement 3 and 4 contains a respective piston 5.
  • Each piston 5 has a piston rod connected to respective, opposed pivot points of a four-bar linkage 6 in the form of a parallelogram.
  • This linkage 6 has pivot points 7 and 8 in addition to those connected to pistons 5.
  • Pivot point 7 is connected to jaw A, and pivot point 8 is connected to a rod 8.
  • Rod 8' is in turn connected to bars 8" which are fixed to jaw B.
  • a spacer or intermediate member 13 is provided and arranged to slide between an area 9 and an area 9. These areas are configured in any conventional manner to accommodate the spacer l3 and the cut section of tube 0 as they are translated therebetween in still another conventional manner to be described hereinafter.
  • the purpose of the apparatus according to the present invention is to intermittently feed an extensive length of tubing, or pipe, a distance from an end of the tube which is equal to the length of a tube section required to shape one ball bearing raceway, to cut the tube, to transfer the blank or cut tube section to a position between jaws A and B, to place a die 21, 22 having a cross section corresponding to the desired final shape toridial in the case of ball bearing races around the cut tube section, to axially compress the cut tube section, to a predetermined length L (FIG.
  • cams C to C mounted on cam shafts l and 2 are provided for this purpose. These cams act in conjunction with suitable, known actuators 18, 23, and 27 through 30 to actuate the various elements of the press in'their proper sequence.
  • the ac- I tuators are supplied from a pressure source through a manifold arrangement shown schematically at M.
  • a rod provided with a mandrel 1 1 on its end is introduced into a tube, or pipe, 0 of extensive length to prevent flattening thereof.
  • Tube 0 is inserted into a known feeding system X.
  • This feeding system X is hydraulically or pneumatically actuated.
  • Mandrel 11 is coupled to a dismountable, moving elastic link-coupling Y, which is in turn attached to the supporting structure forming the press body.
  • a special sleeve 12 is arranged about the end of the tube 0. This sleeve 12 is integral with the supporting structure S.
  • Spacer 13 in the position shown in FIG. 1 acts as a stop for tube 0 and thereby determines the length of tube 0 to be cut.
  • a pin or mandrel 14 is inserted into the end of tube 0 to cooperate with mandrel l 1 and prevent the deformation of the tube 0 in the shear plane during the cutting step.
  • Pin 14 along with spacer 13 functions to transfer the cut tube section, or blank, into position to have a raceway pressed thereinto.
  • the pin 14 has an axial end the end 14 is positioned at a distance from the tube end equal to the length of tube required to shape one ball bearing raceway.
  • An elastic latch 15 is provided to hold pin 14 in position.
  • a cutting-off tool 16 shears the tube 0 by a left-to-right movement in FIGS. 1 and 2. The movement of tool 16, which defines a bore for receiving a pin 17 which is similar to pin 14, is con trolled by cam C,.
  • This cam pushes tool 16 with great force from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG. 2, thus performing the shearing of tube 0.
  • the shape of the cutting edge of the tool 16 can be any desired shape suited for the purpose which is within the expertise of the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • the axis of pin 17 is aligned with the axis of sleeve 12.
  • the letter p is always used to designate the incoming medium under pressure. This pressure p is derived from a known source which is not shown in the drawings.
  • Cam C positions actuator 18 to direct pressure p to the piston and cylinder arrangements 19 and 20 (FIG. 3).
  • These piston and cylinder arrangements 19 and 20 open and close the die 21, 22 by manipulating respective ones of the die-segments 21 and 22.
  • the die segments 21 and 22 define the groove of the raceway to be formed in the cut tube section.
  • Piston and cylinder arrangements 1 9 and 20 are actuated by means of pressure from outlets a and b of actuator 18 being alternatively' directed to the corresponding openings in the cylinders of arrangements 19 and 20. That is, outlets a and b are connected to corresponding openings a and b respectively.
  • connection 24 is preferably of a sliding type which permits the spacer 13 to move with jaw B during compression of tube 0.
  • cam C positions actuator 23 to direct pressure into channel d.
  • This pressure moves the piston of arrangement 24 from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG. 2, and positively displaces spacer 13 and pin 14 to move the cut tube section into the position shown in FIG. 2. Now the compressing step can begin.
  • Members 25 and 26 are mounted for reciprocating movement along their vertical axes in FIGS. 1 and 2,
  • cams C and C are actuated by cams C and C respectively.
  • Cam C acts directly on member 25, while cam C positions an actuator 28 which actuates a piston and cylinder arrangement 29 to reciprocate member 26.
  • cam C positions actuator 18 to direct pressure p through channel a and opening a to actuate arrangements 19 and 20 and close and lock the die segments 21 and 22.
  • Cam C now positions actuator 27 to direct pressure p through channel e to openings e of cylinders 3 and 4.
  • the pistons 5 of cylinders 3 and 4 move toward one another and, thus, cause jaws A and B to move toward one another.
  • the cut tube section, or blank is upset to the required length L.
  • Cam C then positions manifold 18 to direct pressure p through channel b and opening b to unlock and open die segments 21 and 22.
  • Cam positions actuator 27 to direct pressure p through channel f to opening f and moves jaws A and B away from one another into their position shown in FIG. 1.
  • cam C moves member 25 from its position shown in FIG. 1 into its position shown in FIG. 2 and inserts pin 17 into the tube 0.
  • cam C returns member 25 to its FIG. 1 position and withdraws pin 17.
  • cam C positions actuator 28 to direct pressure p to arrangement 29 such that member 26 is moved upwardly as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, and pin 14 is removed from the pressed bearing ring. The bearing ring then drops down off the press. A further rotation of cam C replaces pin 14 in its initial position with respect to spacer 13.
  • cams C and C act to return spacer l3 and tool 16, respectively, to their initial position shown in FIG. 1.
  • Cam C positions actuator 30 to position system X through channels g and h.
  • System X then moves tube 0 a length L in the upward direction of FIG. 1, and the process set out above is then repeated.
  • Cam shafts l and 2 are arranged such that one cycle is completed within a 360 revolution of these cam shafts 1 and 2, so that further rotation of the cam shafts 1 and 2 will start a new cycle.
  • the new cold working technique according to the present invention demonstrates the following advantages:
  • rolling-contact bearing rings are produced which require low machining allowances; that is, the material and labor consumption is very low;
  • bearing rings are obtained by the method according to' the present invention efficiently and without the material waste which would occur if the rings were turned.
  • a method of manufacturing ball bearing races comprising, in combination, and in any desired order:
  • the method of claim 1 including the steps of:
  • the method of claim 1 including performing said die placing step by simultaneously moving segments of a die together on radially opposite outer surfaces of the tube section and bringing the edges of said segments into engagement with each other to thereby form a complete die surrounding the tube section.
  • Apparatus for the manufacturing of ball bearing races from tubes comprising, in combination:
  • sleeve means having an axial end mounted on said support structure for holding a tube to be processed within it with one end of the tube extending past said axial end, mandrel means for inserting within the tube, said mandrel means having an axial end,
  • cutting tool means having a cutting edge for cutting the portion of the tube projecting beyond said axial end of said sleeve means
  • die means having a shape corresponding to the exterior of a ball bearing raceway to be pressed
  • j. means mounting said jaw means on said support structure for movement to axially compress the opposite tube ends to thereby form shoulders at each axial end of the tube bordering a groove in the central region of the tube and thereby form a ball bearing raceway.
  • said jaw moving means include two pressure cylinder means mounted on said support structure and a parallelogram linkage system connecting the two cylinder means with the two jaw means to provide said simultaneous movement.
  • a spacer member means mounting said mandrel within said spacer member for movement from a first position in which said bore is coaxial with said uncut tube to a second position in which said bore is co-axial with a bore in one of said jaws, said means further mounting said mandrel for movement of a portion thereof into said jaw bore while means carried by said support structure for moving said mandrel out of said jaw bore and the cut tube section after said ball bearing race is formed,
  • said jaw moving means includes two pressure cylinders and a parallelogram linkage system connecting the two cylinders with the two jaws to provide simultaneous movement of said jaws at the same speed during said axial compressure movement, and
  • said die is formed of a plurality of segments and I means on said support structure for moving said segments together to form a complete die surrounding the tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
US836474A 1969-01-16 1969-06-25 Method and apparatus for manufacturing bearing rings Expired - Lifetime US3685339A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RO5878069 1969-01-16

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US3685339A true US3685339A (en) 1972-08-22

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US836474A Expired - Lifetime US3685339A (en) 1969-01-16 1969-06-25 Method and apparatus for manufacturing bearing rings

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US (1) US3685339A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4918346B1 (ja)
AT (1) AT307212B (ja)
CH (1) CH515758A (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6502486B1 (en) * 1997-08-04 2003-01-07 Zannesmann Ag Method for producing steel rolling bearing rings
CN113020698A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 宁波百诺肯轴承有限公司 一种轴承加工用棒切设备

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US412389A (en) * 1889-10-08 Liam p
US1560135A (en) * 1919-03-07 1925-11-03 Edgewater Steel Forging die
US2633765A (en) * 1949-02-23 1953-04-07 Clearing Machine Corp Forming press
US3406548A (en) * 1965-11-02 1968-10-22 Motor Wheel Corp Method and apparatus for making wheel rims

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US412389A (en) * 1889-10-08 Liam p
US1560135A (en) * 1919-03-07 1925-11-03 Edgewater Steel Forging die
US2633765A (en) * 1949-02-23 1953-04-07 Clearing Machine Corp Forming press
US3406548A (en) * 1965-11-02 1968-10-22 Motor Wheel Corp Method and apparatus for making wheel rims

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6502486B1 (en) * 1997-08-04 2003-01-07 Zannesmann Ag Method for producing steel rolling bearing rings
CN113020698A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 宁波百诺肯轴承有限公司 一种轴承加工用棒切设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4918346B1 (ja) 1974-05-09
AT307212B (de) 1973-05-10
CH515758A (de) 1971-11-30

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