US3683656A - Heat exchanger apparatus and method of making the same - Google Patents
Heat exchanger apparatus and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3683656A US3683656A US22491A US3683656DA US3683656A US 3683656 A US3683656 A US 3683656A US 22491 A US22491 A US 22491A US 3683656D A US3683656D A US 3683656DA US 3683656 A US3683656 A US 3683656A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- diameter
- fin
- tube
- predetermined
- tubular blank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
- B21C37/207—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls with helical guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/06—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of metal tubes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
- Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
- Y10T29/49382—Helically finned
Definitions
- a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is shown having a bundle of tubes each of which is provided with exter- [2l] Appl. No.: 22,491 nal helical fins except inland portions adjacent tube sheets and supports.
- the tubes are constructed by first 52 us. (:1 ..'...72/911, 72/100, 29/1573 AH rolling grooves into the tube and reducing the tube 51 1m. (:1.
- This invention relates to heat exchanger apparatus and the method of making the same. More particularly this invention relates to shell-and-tube type heat exchangers and specifically the tubes thereof and the method of making them.
- the finning dies are only useful in those transition areas where the finning dies are first engaged with the heat exchanger tube.
- the sizing die is simultaneously disengaged from the tube thereby yielding an area which is not sized. Therefore, the finning dies must be of such configuration as to form fins of a diameter no greater than the land portions except in those transition areas where the finning dies are first engaged with the heat exchanger tube surface.
- the instant invention contemplates a different method of reducing the diameter of the finned portions.
- the fins are reduced in diameter without materially shortening their protruding extent.
- the reduction in fin diameter may be accomplished entirely along the finned portions of the tube rather than just in the transition areas heretofore described.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical section through a shell and tube type heat exchanger having tubes therein constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a section taken at line 2-2 of FIG. 3 which illustrates the apparatus and method for forming heat exchanger tubes in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
- FIG. 3 is a section taken at line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 of the drawings it will be seen that-shell and tube type heat exchanger 10 has a cylindrical shell with tube sheets 12 at each end thereof.
- An appropriate tube support 13 may be located intermediate tube sheets 12 for supporting heat exchanger tubes 14 therebetween.
- Tube sheets 12 and tube support 13 are provided with apertures 15 in which thetubes 14 are received.
- Each tube 14 has a plurality of integrally helically finned portions 16 axially nonextensive with the land portions 17.
- the land portions 17 are positioned to be axially coextensive with the tube sheets and tube supports for the purpose of establishing a good support at tube sheet 13 and a good seal at tube sheets 12. If desired the tubes 14 may be roll expanded slightly within the tube sheets to provide the desired seal.
- the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 10 is provided with inlet 18 such as for the ingress of a liquid refrigerant and an outlet 19 such as for the egress of a gaseous refrigerant.
- the heat exchanger also has inlet and outlet headers 20 and 21 communicating with the interior of tubes 14 for passing a second heat exchange fluid such as water therethrough in heat exchange relationship with the heat exchange fluid passing external to heat exchanger tubes 14.
- the fins may be formed on heat exchanger tubes 14 by a fin forming head 22 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Head 22 is comprised of an annular member 31 having provision for supporting a set of three circumferentially spaced leading roll assemblies 23, 24 and 25 and a set of three circumferentially spaced trailing roller assemblies'26, 27 and 28.
- the roller assemblies 23, 24 and 25 are generally similar in construction.
- Roller assembly 23 has a U-shaped frame 29 which is mounted for radial adjustment with respect to tube 14 in a groove 30 of annular member 31.
- An arbor 32 extends between and is joumaled at the ends of the legs of U-shape frame 29.
- Arbor 32 carries a set of roller dies 33 for grooving tube 14 and roll extruding fins 42 up from the surface of tube 14. Arbor 32 is disposed at a slight skew so that the dies 33 thread themselves and advance along tube 14. A screw adjustment 34 is provided for moving frame 29 and thus dies 33 radially inwardly and outwardly with respect to tube 14.
- Each trailing roller assembly also has a U-shaped frame 35 supported in a groove 36 in annular member 31.
- An arbor 37 is joumaled at the ends of the legs of U-shaped member 35 and supports a training roller 38.
- the roller 38 of trailing roller assembly 26 is somewhat smaller in diameter and is provided with a curved surface 39 adapted to contact and apply pressure to the lateral side of the fins 42 thereby bending them over in a common direction toward one end of the tube 14.
- a screw adjustment 40 is provided to adjust the position of U-shaped members 35 and thus each roller 38 radially inwardly and outwardly with respect to tube 14 in grooves 36.
- a mandrel 41 may be disposed within tube 14 or may be disposed in axially fixed relationship with fin forming head 22.
- a tubular blank 14 is inserted into annular member 31 a distance beyond roller dies 33 sufiicient to provide for the land portions of the tube adjacent one end of the tube.
- the tube then is advanced axially with respect to the fin forming head in the direction shown by the vectors in FIG. 2 and rotated with respect to the fin forming head 22 in the direction shown by the vectors in FIG. 3.
- roller dies 33 are brought into engagement with the surface of tube 14 by adjustment of screws 34 whereby an erect fin 42 is formed which extends substantially beyond the diameter or profile a of the unfinned or land portions of tube 14.
- rollers 38 are adjusted radially inwardly to engagement with the sides of fins 42 by adjustment screws 40.
- the roller 38 of roller assembly 26 which is provided with the curved surface 39 applies lateral pressure on the erect fin 42 thereby causing it to be bent over and reduced to a diameter d which is equal to or less than diameter a.
- roller dies 33 are adjusted radially outwardly with respect to tube 14 by means of screw adjustments 34 until roller dies 33 no longer engage the surface of tube 14.
- rollers 38 continue to bend over the remaining fins until rollers 38 approach the land area at which point rollers 38 are adjusted radially outwardly by means of screw adjustments 40 so that rollers 38 also clear the surface 17 of tube 14.
- screw adjustments 40 so that rollers 38 also clear the surface 17 of tube 14.
- roller dies 33 form slight grooves in the surface of tube 14 and reduce its diameter sufficiently so that the internal surface of tube 14 contacts mandrel 41. Further advancement of tube 14 through dies 33 causes the material between the grooves to be extruded outwardly substantially beyond the original diameter of the tube whereby a relatively erect and high fin is produced.
- This fin upon coming in contact with surface 39 of a roller 38 is bent over by application of lateral pressure at the side' of the fins thereby reducing the diameter of the fins to less than about the original outer tube diameter a.
- the original tube diameter, the land diameter or tube sheet or support aperture diameter a is substantially greater than the sum of the fin root diameter b and twice the fin height or protrusion curvilinear length 0 and equal to or greater than the bent fin outer diameter.
- an exemplary evaporator tube of approximately 0.750 inch diameter and having about 0.035 inch high fins with a fin density of about 35 fins per inch it is possible by the use of the invention disclosed herein to either increase the fin height by about 25 percent or increase the tube internal cross-sectional area by about 6 percent without increases in the original tube diameter, the land diameter or tube sheet or support aperture diameter. Variations will, of course, exist for tubes of different diameter, fin height, fin density etc.
- a method of making a heat exchanger tube adapted to be supported in a tube support aperture of predetermined diameter comprising the steps of: providing a tubular blank having a generally circular cross-section of a predetermined outer diameter which is no greater than said aperture predetermined diameter; forming an extended heat transfer surface by extruding a fully developed helical fin up from the outer surface of said tubular blank to a diameter greater than said predetermined outer diameter and greater than said aperture predetermined diameter; reducing the diameter of said fully developed helical fin to a diameter less than the outer diameter of said fully developed helical fin existing immediately following the extruding step and to a diameter less than said aperture predetermined diameter by applying lateral force to one side of the helix of said helical fin axially of said tubular blank to cause said helical fin to bend over and thereby be reduced in diameter.
- a method of making a heat exchanger tube adapted to be supported in a tube support aperture of predetermined diameter comprising the steps of: providing a tubular blank of generally circular crosssection of predetermined outer diameter which is no greater than said aperture predetermined diameter; forming an extended heat transfer surface by extruding a fully developed helical fin up from the outer surface of only a portion of said tubular blank to a diameter greater than said predetermined outer diameter and greater than said aperture predetermined diameter and leaving at least one'unfinned land portion; reducing the diameter of the fully developed finned portion to a diameter less than the outer diameter of said fully developed helical fin existing immediately following the extruding step, to less than said aperture predetermined diameter, and to about the diameter of said land portion by bending said helical fin over; and from the step of extruding the helical fin to the step of bending the fin over, maintaining the inner diameter-of the span of tubular blank with the extruded bent over fin at substantially the inner diameter of said span existing immediately following the extruding
- a method of making a heat exchanger tube adapted to be supported in a tube support aperture of predetermined diameter comprising the steps of: providing a tubular blank of generally circular crosssectiori of predetermined outer diameter which is no greater than said aperture predetermined diameter; forming an extended heat transfer surface by extruding a fully developed helical fin up from the outer surface of only a portion of said tubular blank to a diameter greater than said predetermined outer diameter and greater than said aperture predetermined diameter and leaving at least one unfinned land portion; reducing the diameter of the finned portion to a diameter less than the outer diameter of said fully developed helical fin existing immediately following the extruding step, to less than said aperture predetermined diameter, and to about the diameter of said land portion by applying sufficient lateral force to one side of the helix of said helical fin axially of said tubular blank to cause said helical fin to bend over and thereby be reduced in diameter to about the diameter of said land portion; and from the step of extruding the helical fin to the step
- a method of providing a tubular blank of a predetermined outer diameter with an extended heat transfer surface in the form of integral helical fins and adapted to be supported in a tube support aperture of predetermined diameter including the steps of: applying radially inward pressure on the outer surfaceof said tubular blank along a helicoidal path to thereby displace the material of said tubular blank causing a general reducing in outer diameter of the tubular blank and a helicoidal groove to be formed in the surface thereof; applying suflicient laterial pressure to the sides of said groove to displace the material between convolutions of said groove radially outward substantially beyond said predetermined diameter thereby forming a fully developed helicoidal fin having a diameter larger than said predetermined outer diameter and greater than s d a erture redetermined di ete a d a l ing sufiicieiit lateral?
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2249170A | 1970-03-25 | 1970-03-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3683656A true US3683656A (en) | 1972-08-15 |
Family
ID=21809878
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US22491A Expired - Lifetime US3683656A (en) | 1970-03-25 | 1970-03-25 | Heat exchanger apparatus and method of making the same |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3683656A (en) |
CA (1) | CA932520A (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2803365A1 (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1978-07-27 | Zaklad Doswiadczalny Przy Zakl | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CROSS-FIBED PIPES |
DE2735762A1 (en) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-02-22 | Wieland Werke Ag | FIBER TUBE AND THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE2758527A1 (en) * | 1977-12-28 | 1979-07-05 | Wieland Werke Ag | FIBER TUBE AND THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
EP0012382A1 (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-06-25 | Zaklad Doswiadczalny przy Zakladach Urzadzen Chemicznych "Metalchem" | Rolling mill for manufacturing finned tubes |
US4313248A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1982-02-02 | Fukurawa Metals Co., Ltd. | Method of producing heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers |
EP0121252A2 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-10 | Zaklady Urzadzen Chemicznych METALCHEM im. Wladyslawa Planetorza | A method of rolling transverse ribbed tubes and a set of tools for rolling transverse ribbed tubes |
US4612791A (en) * | 1984-06-19 | 1986-09-23 | Zaklady Urzadzen Chemicznych Metalchem | Method and apparatus for rolling transversely ribbed bimetallic pipes |
FR2590816A1 (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-06-05 | Carrier Corp | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING EXTENDED EXTERIOR SURFACE TUBES WITH MULTI-HELICOIDAL FIN FLOWS, ESPECIALLY FOR HEAT EXCHANGER EVAPORATOR TUBES |
GB2218359A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-15 | Mars Di Renzo Giovanni Tomezzo | Manufacturing finned tubes |
US4901553A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1990-02-20 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Method of manufacturing a finned tube |
WO1990010513A1 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-20 | Belorussky Politekhnichesky Institut | Machine tool for cutting out transverse ribs on a rectangular cross-section element for heat exchanger |
US6382311B1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2002-05-07 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
US6427767B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2002-08-06 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2362694A (en) * | 1942-02-02 | 1944-11-14 | Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper | Method of manufacturing tubes for heat exchange devices |
US2978797A (en) * | 1954-02-22 | 1961-04-11 | Svenska Metallverken Ab | Tubular finned metal sections and manufacture thereof |
US3174319A (en) * | 1962-01-05 | 1965-03-23 | Nihon Kentetsu Company Ltd | Method and apparatus for manufacturing integrally finned tubing |
US3383892A (en) * | 1965-08-13 | 1968-05-21 | Anaconda American Brass Co | Manufacture of integrally finned tubing |
US3602027A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1971-08-31 | Trane Co | Simultaneous finning and reforming of tubular heat transfer surface |
-
1970
- 1970-03-25 US US22491A patent/US3683656A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-02-01 CA CA104092A patent/CA932520A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2362694A (en) * | 1942-02-02 | 1944-11-14 | Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper | Method of manufacturing tubes for heat exchange devices |
US2978797A (en) * | 1954-02-22 | 1961-04-11 | Svenska Metallverken Ab | Tubular finned metal sections and manufacture thereof |
US3174319A (en) * | 1962-01-05 | 1965-03-23 | Nihon Kentetsu Company Ltd | Method and apparatus for manufacturing integrally finned tubing |
US3383892A (en) * | 1965-08-13 | 1968-05-21 | Anaconda American Brass Co | Manufacture of integrally finned tubing |
US3602027A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1971-08-31 | Trane Co | Simultaneous finning and reforming of tubular heat transfer surface |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2378584A1 (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1978-08-25 | Zaklad Doswiadczalny Przy Zakl | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING TRANSVERSAL FINNED TUBES AND TOOL FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH TUBES |
US4153982A (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1979-05-15 | Zaklad Doswiadczaln przy Zakladach Urzadzen Chemicznych "Metalchem" | Method and apparatus for forming cross ribbed pipes |
DE2803365A1 (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1978-07-27 | Zaklad Doswiadczalny Przy Zakl | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CROSS-FIBED PIPES |
US4313248A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1982-02-02 | Fukurawa Metals Co., Ltd. | Method of producing heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers |
DE2735762A1 (en) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-02-22 | Wieland Werke Ag | FIBER TUBE AND THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE2758527A1 (en) * | 1977-12-28 | 1979-07-05 | Wieland Werke Ag | FIBER TUBE AND THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
EP0012382A1 (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-06-25 | Zaklad Doswiadczalny przy Zakladach Urzadzen Chemicznych "Metalchem" | Rolling mill for manufacturing finned tubes |
EP0121252A3 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1987-05-27 | Zaklady Urzadzen Chemicznych Metalchem Im. Wladyslawa Planetorza | A method of rolling transverse ribbed tubes and a set of tools for rolling transverse ribbed tubes |
EP0121252A2 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-10 | Zaklady Urzadzen Chemicznych METALCHEM im. Wladyslawa Planetorza | A method of rolling transverse ribbed tubes and a set of tools for rolling transverse ribbed tubes |
US4612791A (en) * | 1984-06-19 | 1986-09-23 | Zaklady Urzadzen Chemicznych Metalchem | Method and apparatus for rolling transversely ribbed bimetallic pipes |
FR2590816A1 (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-06-05 | Carrier Corp | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING EXTENDED EXTERIOR SURFACE TUBES WITH MULTI-HELICOIDAL FIN FLOWS, ESPECIALLY FOR HEAT EXCHANGER EVAPORATOR TUBES |
US4901553A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1990-02-20 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Method of manufacturing a finned tube |
US4959985A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1990-10-02 | Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd. | Method of manufacturing metallic tube with spiral fin |
GB2218359A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-15 | Mars Di Renzo Giovanni Tomezzo | Manufacturing finned tubes |
GB2218359B (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1992-10-21 | Mars Di Renzo Giovanni Tomezzo | A method of manufacturing finned tubes having a high heat exchange factor. |
WO1990010513A1 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1990-09-20 | Belorussky Politekhnichesky Institut | Machine tool for cutting out transverse ribs on a rectangular cross-section element for heat exchanger |
US6427767B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2002-08-06 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
US6382311B1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2002-05-07 | American Standard International Inc. | Nucleate boiling surface |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA932520A (en) | 1973-08-28 |
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