US3682634A - Method for developing photographic materials - Google Patents
Method for developing photographic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3682634A US3682634A US74492A US3682634DA US3682634A US 3682634 A US3682634 A US 3682634A US 74492 A US74492 A US 74492A US 3682634D A US3682634D A US 3682634DA US 3682634 A US3682634 A US 3682634A
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- United States
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- development
- developing
- quaternary ammonium
- compounds
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 15
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920001174 Diethylhydroxylamine Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CCN(O)CC FVCOIAYSJZGECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940125717 barbiturate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125797 compound 12 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GKQHIYSTBXDYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 GKQHIYSTBXDYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPAZGLFMMUODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nitro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 XPAZGLFMMUODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical group O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005083 alkoxyalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000016720 allyl isothiocyanate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NCC=C HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001748 allylthiourea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiocyanate Chemical compound [NH4+].[S-]C#N SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azaniumylideneazanide Chemical group N[N] CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ONNFZHAVUSXWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazenylmethanesulfinic acid Chemical class OS(=O)CN=N ONNFZHAVUSXWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940083122 ganglion-blocking antiandrenergic bisquaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
- G03C5/3056—Macromolecular additives
Definitions
- R stands for an alkyl group comprising from 7 to 20 C- atoms or for the group X' is an anion, s
- n stands for an integer from I to 250, n being at least 2 when R stands for alkyl, and
- n stands for 2 when n is different from 1 and for an integer from 2 to 16 when n: l.
- This invention relates to the development of photographic materials containing exposed silver halide, to new developing combinations and to photographic materials and solutions containing such combinations.
- onium compounds such as quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium and ternary sulphonium compounds are able to accelerate photographic development by agents which act as doubly or more highly charged negative ions for instance hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives, ascorbic acid, etc. whether as an additive to the developer or to the emulsion. It is further known (see for example T. H. James, Photographic Science and Technique, vol. 198 (1953) p. 36) that development by the singly ionized developer anions of hydroxylamine is markedly retarded by quaternary ammonium salts.
- Q stands for a quaternary ammonium group either cyclic or acyclic such as the group wherein R,, R, and R, are aliphatic radicals such as methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, propyl, benzyl, or the group wherein 2 stands for the non metallic atoms necessary to complete a heterocyclic nucleus such as pyridyl, a.- picolyl, morpholinyl, piperidyl and quinolyl,
- X is an anion or acid radical for example halide, p-toluene sulphonate, alkyl sulphate, or perchlorate,
- R stands for alkyl comprising from 7 to 20 carbon atoms or for the group it stands for an integer from 1 to 250, n being at least 2 when R stands for alkyl, and
- x stands for 2 when n is different from 1 or for an integer from 2 to 16 when n: 1.
- alkylmonopyridinium salts comprising no polyoxyalkylene groups retard development by N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines and polyoxyalkylene compounds comprising no quaternary ammonium groups as well as polyoxyalkylene compounds comprising pyridinium groups but no long chain aliphatic groups have so to say no effect at all on development by N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines and on the other hand that the compounds of use according to the present invention inhibit development by hydroxylamine itself and by monoalkylhydroxylamines.
- HOCHzCH CHICHaOH HOCll-iClh CHzCHzOH A V w
- Ttl tertiary bases as pyridines, picolines and trialkylamines such as trimethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dimethyllaurylamine, etc.
- n is at least 2
- the bisquaternary ammonium compounds wherein can be prepared according to the methods described in US. Patent 2,288,226 of Burt H. Carroll and Charles F. H. Allen issued June 30, 1942.
- N,N-dialkyl hydroxylamines such as N,N- diethyl hydroxylamine, of which the oxidation products have the favourable property of leaving no residual stain in the silver image obtained, has been disclosed amongst others in US. Patent 2,857,276 of Edwin H. Land and Helen 1. Tracy issued Oct. 21, 1958.
- N,N-dialkyl hydroxylamines that have been proposed for use as silver halide developing agents and of which the development activity is higher than of N,N-diethyl hydroxylamine include for example aminoalkyl hydroxylamines, more especially N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines having in at least one of the N-alkyl group an intralinear amino nitrogen atom, either cyclic or acyclic, examples of which can be found in US. Patent 3,287,125 of Milton Green, Adnan A. Sayigh and Henri Ulrich issued Nov.
- alkoxyalkyl hydroxylamines more especially N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines of which at least one of the N-alkyl groups is substituted by alkoxy or alkoxyalkoxy, examples of which can be found in US. Patent 3,293,034 of Milton Green, Adnan A. Sayigh and Henri Ulrich issued Dec. 20, 1966 and sulphone hydroxylamines, more especially N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines having in at least one of the N-alkyl groups an intralinear sulphonyl (SO group, examples of which can be found in US. Patent 3,287,124 of Milton Green, Adrian A. Sayigh and Henri Ulrich issued Nov. 22, 1966.
- SO group examples of which can be found in US. Patent 3,287,124 of Milton Green, Adrian A. Sayigh and Henri Ulrich issued Nov. 22, 1966.
- a process for making photographic records which comprises treating a photographic material having layers containing developable silver salts with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of an N,N-dialkyl hydroxylamine developing agent and a quaternary ammonium compound as described above.
- the invention also includes developer compositions comprising in addition to an N,N- dialkylhydroxylamine developing agent, a quaternary ammonium compound as described.
- N,N-dia1kylhydroxylamine developing agent it is intended to embrace unsubstituted N,N-dialkyl hydroxylamines as well as derivatives thereof as described above.
- the quaternary salts of use according to the present invention may be added to the developer or to the emulsion or to both simultaneously, the developing bath being preferred however.
- the developing composition may comprise in addition to the N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine developing agents any of the common ingredients employed in developing compositions e.g. alkalies such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodiurn phosphate, etc., silver halide solvents such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate or cyclic imides such as barbiturates and uracils, preservatives such as sulphites, bisulphites, metabisulphites and acids such as boric acid and citric acid.
- alkalies such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodiurn phosphate, etc.
- silver halide solvents such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate or cyclic imides such as barbiturates and uracils
- preservatives such as sulph
- developer composition may comprise potassium bromide and water-softening agents such as poly phosphates and derivatives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, antifoggants such as benzotriazole, S-nitro-benzotriaznle and 6-nitrobenzimidazole and wetting agents as well as other compounds known in the photographic development technique.
- potassium bromide and water-softening agents such as poly phosphates and derivatives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- antifoggants such as benzotriazole, S-nitro-benzotriaznle and 6-nitrobenzimidazole and wetting agents as well as other compounds known in the photographic development technique.
- the amount of quaternary ammonium compound used according to the present invention depends on the very compound, on the nature of the colloid binder of the silver halide grains and on the amount and type of silver halide in the emulsion.
- the amount of onium compound incorporated into the developing bath can vary between very wide limits and depends on the particular N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine used.
- the optimum concentration for any onium compound of use according to the invention can best be determined by employing a series of concentrations in several batches of the same developer and determining the speed obtained before and after incorporation of the said compound in the usual manner which is of course well known to those skilled in the art.
- the quaternary ammonium compound is used in amounts ranging between 0.01 and 20 millimoles per litre.
- the development acceleration obtained with the products according to the present invention can be combined with a chemical sensitization by means of chemical sensitizing agents such as sulphur-containing compounds e.g. allyl isothiocyanate, allyl thiourea, or sodium thiosulphate, reducing agents such as the tin compounds described in the Belgian Patents 493,464 filed Jan. 24, 1950 and 568,687 filed June 18, 1958 both by Gevaert Photo- Producten N.V., the iminoaminomethane sulphinic acid compounds described in the British Patent 789,823 filed Apr. 29, 1955 by Gevacrt Photo-Producten N.V. or precious metal compounds such as gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium compounds.
- chemical sensitizing agents such as sulphur-containing compounds e.g. allyl isothiocyanate, allyl thiourea, or sodium thiosulphate
- reducing agents such
- N,N-dialkyl hydroxylamines can also be used in combination with stabilizing agents for silver halide emulsions, such as mercury compounds and the compounds described in Belgian Patents 571,916 and 571,917 both filed Oct. 10, 1958 by Gevaert Photo- Producten N.V. and in combination with sensitizing and stabilizing cadmium salts in the light-sensitive material as well as in the developer.
- stabilizing agents for silver halide emulsions such as mercury compounds and the compounds described in Belgian Patents 571,916 and 571,917 both filed Oct. 10, 1958 by Gevaert Photo- Producten N.V.
- novel developing combination of the invention may be used in conventional or wet development of silver halide emulsions, in diffusion transfer processes, both dye and silver, in such photographic processes known as stabilization processing wherein it is desired to eliminate or minimize the need for washing or stabilizing operations in liquid baths subsequent to the formation of the silver print, etc.
- an exposed silver halide emulsion is treated with a liquid processing composition while in superposed relationship with an image-receiving material.
- the exposed silver halide is developed to silver and the unexposed silver halide is converted into a complex silver salt which is transferred to the image-receiving material and there reduced to silver to form a positive print.
- the processing composition normally includes a silver halide solvent, such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate, cyclic imides such as barbiturates or uracils, which forms with silver halide a soluble complex as is well known in the art of forming silver images by transfer, and may also include a film-forming material such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch or gum for increasing the viscosity of the ccmposition as, for instance, in the case of in-camera silver complex dilfusion transfer processing.
- a silver halide solvent such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate, cyclic imides such as barbiturates or uracils, which forms with silver halide a soluble complex as is well known in the art of forming silver images by transfer
- a film-forming material such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch or gum for increasing the viscosity of the ccm
- the development accelerators of use according to the invention may be employed in solution or they may be initially incorporated in a layer of the photosensitive material e.g. a silver halide emulsion layer or other colloid layer in water-permeable relationship therewith.
- a layer of the photosensitive material e.g. a silver halide emulsion layer or other colloid layer in water-permeable relationship therewith.
- silver complex diffusion transfer processes they may also be incorporated in a layer of the imagereceiving material, which during processing, is in superposed relationship with the photosensitive silver halide material.
- EXAMPLE 1 The other strips are developed in baths having the same composition as bath A but containing moreover one of the compounds listed in the table below in the amounts given.
- a photosensitive element was prepared comprising on a paper support a silver bromoiodide emulsion layer con taining per kg. an amount of silver halide corresponding to g. of silver nitrate.
- the photosensitive element and an image-receiving element which comprises a silver receptive layer containing development nuclei dispersed in a matrix of colloidal silica coated on a water-impervious support according to the practice described in US. Pat. 2,823,122 of Edwin H. Land issued Feb. 11, 1958, were advanced in superposed relationship between a pair of pressure applying rollers to spread between them in a thin layer the following processing composition:
- Bath A plus 1.75 mllllmole of compound 2 u. 04 n. 04 u. 04 0. is 1.3;. Bath A plus 1.76 millimole of compound 4 0. 04 0. 04 0. (M 0.1! 0. 85 Bath A plus 1.75 millimole of compound 3... 0. 04 0. 04 0. 06 0. 28 1.50 Beth A plus 1.75 mllllmole of compound 6 0. 04 0. 04 0. 04 0.12 0. 91 Bath A plus 1.75 mlllimole of compound 1 0. 04 0. 04 0.05 0. 43 1. 77 Bath A plus 0.31 millimole of compound 12.. 0. 04 0. 04 0. 04 0.22 1. 44
- Photographic developing method which comprises developing an exposed silver halide emulsion layer of a ternary ammonium groups or comprising pyridinium photographic material with an aqueous alkaline composition in the presence of a N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine developing agent and a quaternary ammonium compound corresponding to the general formula:
- Q stands for a quaternary ammonium group either cyclic or acyclic
- R stands for an alkyl group comprising from 7 to 20 C- atoms or for the group X- is an anion
- n stands for an integer from 1 to 250, n being at least 2 when R stands for alkyl
- Photographic developing method according to claim 1, wherein the said quaternary ammonium compound is present in the said aqueous composition in an amount comprised between 0.01 and 20 millimoles per litre.
- Photographic developing method according to claim 1, wherein said method is used for making images according to the silver complex diffusion transfer process.
- Photographic developing composition for developing an exposed silver halide emulsion layer of a photographic material comprising in aqueous alkaline solution in addition to an N, N-dialkylhydroxylamine developing agent, a quaternary ammonium compound corresponding to the general formula:
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5256869 | 1969-10-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3682634A true US3682634A (en) | 1972-08-08 |
Family
ID=10464421
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US74492A Expired - Lifetime US3682634A (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1970-09-22 | Method for developing photographic materials |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3682634A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS4913579B1 (de) |
BE (1) | BE756391A (de) |
CA (1) | CA940365A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2047474A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2068210A5 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1315498A (de) |
NL (1) | NL7014368A (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5384232A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1995-01-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for rapid access development of silver halide films using pyridinium as development accelerators |
US5492841A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-02-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Quaternary ammonium immunogenic conjugates and immunoassay reagents |
EP0731381B1 (de) * | 1995-02-21 | 1999-12-08 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Entwicklerlösung und Verfahren zum Entwickeln eines belichteten, photographischen Silberhalogenidmaterials |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8530457D0 (en) * | 1985-12-11 | 1986-01-22 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Processing halogens |
-
0
- BE BE756391D patent/BE756391A/nl unknown
-
1969
- 1969-10-27 GB GB5256869A patent/GB1315498A/en not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-09-10 JP JP45079647A patent/JPS4913579B1/ja active Pending
- 1970-09-22 US US74492A patent/US3682634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-09-22 CA CA093,769A patent/CA940365A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-23 FR FR7034553A patent/FR2068210A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-09-26 DE DE19702047474 patent/DE2047474A1/de active Pending
- 1970-09-30 NL NL7014368A patent/NL7014368A/xx unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5384232A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1995-01-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for rapid access development of silver halide films using pyridinium as development accelerators |
US5492841A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1996-02-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Quaternary ammonium immunogenic conjugates and immunoassay reagents |
EP0731381B1 (de) * | 1995-02-21 | 1999-12-08 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Entwicklerlösung und Verfahren zum Entwickeln eines belichteten, photographischen Silberhalogenidmaterials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE756391A (nl) | 1971-03-22 |
DE2047474A1 (de) | 1971-06-09 |
CA940365A (en) | 1974-01-22 |
JPS4913579B1 (de) | 1974-04-01 |
NL7014368A (de) | 1971-03-25 |
GB1315498A (en) | 1973-05-02 |
FR2068210A5 (de) | 1971-08-20 |
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