US3682434A - Sectional forms for concrete - Google Patents

Sectional forms for concrete Download PDF

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US3682434A
US3682434A US52825A US3682434DA US3682434A US 3682434 A US3682434 A US 3682434A US 52825 A US52825 A US 52825A US 3682434D A US3682434D A US 3682434DA US 3682434 A US3682434 A US 3682434A
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sections
sectional form
sectional
joint
section
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Robert W Boenig
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
    • E04G13/02—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for columns or like pillars; Special tying or clamping means therefor
    • E04G13/021—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for columns or like pillars; Special tying or clamping means therefor for circular columns
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings

Definitions

  • the sections which may be made of plastic, are united by a unique joint comprising interlocking male and female members, retained in interlocked relation by a rubber-like wedge or gasket in the form of an elongated strip, driven between the joint members.
  • the wedge can easily be withdrawn to permit disengagement of the joint and removal of the form sections from the hardened material.
  • the undamaged sections may then be reused.
  • the present invention comprises a novel form into which concrete and like material can be poured and allowed to harden or cure.
  • the form is made in sections secured together by interlocking joints, so that the sections can be disassembled and the form readily removed and reused.
  • This invention avoids these and other problems by constructing the form in sections which are applied and removed laterally without damage to the sections or to any pre-positioned reinforcing elements.
  • the forms may be made of plastic, i.e. polymeric resins; I prefer to use a thermoplastic-resin which may be extruded in sheet form.
  • the joints between the sections may be integrally formed with the sections, or may be separately formed and secured to the sections by rivetting or bonding.
  • joints between adjacent sections of the form preferably consist of interlocking male and female parts, either of plastic or extrudable metal such as aluminum, and are retained in interlocked relation by a rubber-like wedge driven between the parts to provide tightly engaged. butt-joints at the inner faces of the interlocked sections. Wedges of synthetic elastomer are especially suitable.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of a sectional form embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section through the joint between adjacent sections, showing the joint elements in interlocked relation;
  • FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, but illustrating a modification in which the joint elements are formed separately from and secured to the respective form sections;
  • FIG. 4 is an end elevation of a form of rectangular shape.
  • FIG. 1 shows a form of generally oval shape and consisting of two sections 11 and 12, interlocked by joints 15.
  • the sections are preferably identical, each section having a male joint element at one side and a female joint element at the other side to reduce manufacturing cost and inventory.
  • the assembled form illustrated in FIG. 1 is a form of generally oval shape and consisting of two sections 11 and 12, interlocked by joints 15.
  • the sections are preferably identical, each section having a male joint element at one side and a female joint element at the other side to reduce manufacturing cost and inventory.
  • each section of the form is provided with a coating 16 of an anti-adhesive material to facilitate separation of the form from the cured concrete.
  • Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the form sections are preferably made of synthetic plastic, such as a thermoplastic resin capable of extrusion in sheet form.
  • the die When an extruded sheet is produced, the die may be so shaped as to form integrally with the sheet the interlocking members at each side.
  • the sheet may then be further processed to give the assembled form the desired contour, i.e. the oval shape of FIG. 1, a circular or polygonal shape, or the rectangular shape of FIG. 4.
  • Polystyrene an expanded form of which has been used for load bearing walls in houses, is suitable for use in the fabrication of the sectional forms of the present invention, but many V the joint.
  • the rounded and enlarged head at the outer end of projection 24 passes freely into the mouth of the female member and is retained therein by wedge 25, which is driven into the space between lip 20 and projection 24 by a hammer or other suitable tool.
  • wedge 25 forces the bulbous head of projection 24 into engagement with the sloping wall of protuberance 21 to draw the sections together into tight abutted relation, and offering high resistance to separation of the sections when the form is poured.
  • the wedge is preferably formed of an elastomer such as the synthetic rubber-like materials made by polymerization of chloroprene, sold under the name Neoprene. Wedges made of such materials can readily be driven into position, serve to lock the joint effectively and to seal against leakage, and can readily be removed with pliers to disassemble the form.
  • an elastomer such as the synthetic rubber-like materials made by polymerization of chloroprene, sold under the name Neoprene. Wedges made of such materials can readily be driven into position, serve to lock the joint effectively and to seal against leakage, and can readily be removed with pliers to disassemble the form.
  • FIG. 3 a joint 30 fabricated separately from the form sections 11 and 12 and secured thereto by rivets 31.
  • the male and female members of joint 30 may be formed as shown in FIG. 2 and need not be again described.
  • other methods such as bonding may be used to secure the joint members to of the rectangle to facilitate separation from the cured material.
  • two sections may be employed in one from if desired, but unless the column to be cast is unusually large, two sections suffice.
  • the column is of excessive height (or of excessive length in the case of horizontally cast beams or slabs), or to facilitate handling and transportation, two or more forms, each constructed as shown, may be stacked.
  • suitable means such as interengaging peripheral flanges or pin-and-socket devices are provided on adjacent ends of the stacked sections to prevent lateral relative dis placement.
  • the slope of the engaged surfaces of projection 24 and protuberance 21 should be more nearly radial to offer increased resistance to the peripheral force tending to release the joint.
  • the wedge 25 may be stiffened by suitable reinforcement to increase its resistance to compression and thus enabling the joint to resist the increased loading of the form.
  • plastic sectional forms afford many advantages over the conventional laminated paper forms, in addition to reuse. Thus, finishing of cast columns is minimized, for the form surface is smooth and there is little flash where the sections abut. Also, designs can be produced on the concrete by appropriate molding or processing of the inner surfaces of the forms.
  • a sectional fonn for concrete and like hardenable material comprising at least two form sections capable of being interlocked to provide a continuous form
  • each section having at each side thereof a joint member extending longitudinally of the section
  • the joint member at one side of one section being a female member and the coacting joint member at the adjacent side of the contiguous section being a male member freely received within and removable from the said female member by relative lateral displacement of said coacting joint members,
  • thermoplastic resin in polystyrene.
  • each section is provided on its inner face with a coating of an anti-adhesive composition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A sectional form or mold for concrete or like materials is constructed to permit easy detachment of the sections and removal of the form when the material has cured or hardened. The sections, which may be made of plastic, are united by a unique joint comprising interlocking male and female members, retained in interlocked relation by a rubber-like wedge or gasket in the form of an elongated strip, driven between the joint members. The wedge can easily be withdrawn to permit disengagement of the joint and removal of the form sections from the hardened material. The undamaged sections may then be reused.

Description

United States Patent Boenig 51 Aug. 8, 1972 [s41 SECTIONAL FORMS FOR CONCRETE [72] Inventor: Robert W. Boenig, 33 Woodbury Avenue, Fairlield County, Conn. 06850 [22] Filed: July 7, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 52,825
[52] US. Cl. ..249/48, 138/ 162, 220/76, 249/115, 249/134 [51] Int. Cl ..E04g 13/02 [58] Field of Search ..249/48, 173, 219, 115, 134; 285/421, 419, 373; 138/158-168; 220/75-78; 287/189.36 R, 189.36 D, DIG. 2;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,170,036 2/1916 Avery ..220/76 2,258,911. 10/1941 Skoko ..285/421 X 3,163,908 1/ 1965 Lawmaster ..249/134 X 3,537,677 1 H1970 Cotton et al ..249/134 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 654,430 12/1962 Canada ..l ..249/48 Primary ExaminerRobert D. Baldwin Attorney-Francis G. Cole [57] ABSTRACT A sectional form or mold for concrete Or like materials is constructed to permit easy detachment of the sections and removal of the form when the material has cured or hardened. The sections, which may be made of plastic, are united by a unique joint comprising interlocking male and female members, retained in interlocked relation by a rubber-like wedge or gasket in the form of an elongated strip, driven between the joint members. The wedge can easily be withdrawn to permit disengagement of the joint and removal of the form sections from the hardened material. The undamaged sections may then be reused.
11 Claims, 4 Drawing figures PA TE NTEDA B 8 I972 35 INVENTOR Haber) 14/. 506mg B W ATTORNEY SECTIONAL FORMS FOR CONCRETE SUMMARY OF TH INVENTION The present invention comprises a novel form into which concrete and like material can be poured and allowed to harden or cure. The form is made in sections secured together by interlocking joints, so that the sections can be disassembled and the form readily removed and reused.
It has been common practice heretofore to pour concrete into forms of fibrous material, such as multiply paper tubes, which are stripped from the hardened concrete. Such forms are destroyed in the stripping process and are not reusable. Furthermorewhen reinforcement such as metal bars or screen is used in a concrete column, beam, or other structural form of substantial length, and a continuous form is used, the form must be initially sleeved over the reinforcement. Often damage to the reinforcement, the form, or both results as the form is being positioned.
This invention avoids these and other problems by constructing the form in sections which are applied and removed laterally without damage to the sections or to any pre-positioned reinforcing elements.
The forms may be made of plastic, i.e. polymeric resins; I prefer to use a thermoplastic-resin which may be extruded in sheet form. The joints between the sections may be integrally formed with the sections, or may be separately formed and secured to the sections by rivetting or bonding. v
The joints between adjacent sections of the form preferably consist of interlocking male and female parts, either of plastic or extrudable metal such as aluminum, and are retained in interlocked relation by a rubber-like wedge driven between the parts to provide tightly engaged. butt-joints at the inner faces of the interlocked sections. Wedges of synthetic elastomer are especially suitable.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be evident from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrative of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of a sectional form embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse section through the joint between adjacent sections, showing the joint elements in interlocked relation;
FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, but illustrating a modification in which the joint elements are formed separately from and secured to the respective form sections; and
FIG. 4 is an end elevation of a form of rectangular shape.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawings in detail, FIG. 1 shows a form of generally oval shape and consisting of two sections 11 and 12, interlocked by joints 15. The sections are preferably identical, each section having a male joint element at one side and a female joint element at the other side to reduce manufacturing cost and inventory. The assembled form illustrated in FIG. 1
is open at both ends, the lower end seating on the base or support on which the concrete column is to be erected. The inner face of each section of the form is provided with a coating 16 of an anti-adhesive material to facilitate separation of the form from the cured concrete. The material sold under the trade name Teflon" (polytetrafluoroethylene) is eminently suited for the purpose, being highly resistant to adhesion with the concrete and moisture resistant as well. A thin film normally suffices; the thickness of the coating 16 is exaggerated in the drawing.
The form sections are preferably made of synthetic plastic, such as a thermoplastic resin capable of extrusion in sheet form. When an extruded sheet is produced, the die may be so shaped as to form integrally with the sheet the interlocking members at each side. The sheet may then be further processed to give the assembled form the desired contour, i.e. the oval shape of FIG. 1, a circular or polygonal shape, or the rectangular shape of FIG. 4. Polystyrene, an expanded form of which has been used for load bearing walls in houses, is suitable for use in the fabrication of the sectional forms of the present invention, but many V the joint. The rounded and enlarged head at the outer end of projection 24 passes freely into the mouth of the female member and is retained therein by wedge 25, which is driven into the space between lip 20 and projection 24 by a hammer or other suitable tool. When so driven, the wedge 25 forces the bulbous head of projection 24 into engagement with the sloping wall of protuberance 21 to draw the sections together into tight abutted relation, and offering high resistance to separation of the sections when the form is poured.
The wedge is preferably formed of an elastomer such as the synthetic rubber-like materials made by polymerization of chloroprene, sold under the name Neoprene. Wedges made of such materials can readily be driven into position, serve to lock the joint effectively and to seal against leakage, and can readily be removed with pliers to disassemble the form.
In FIG. 3 is shown a joint 30 fabricated separately from the form sections 11 and 12 and secured thereto by rivets 31. The male and female members of joint 30 may be formed as shown in FIG. 2 and need not be again described. In lieu of rivetting, other methods such as bonding may be used to secure the joint members to of the rectangle to facilitate separation from the cured material.
Whatever the contour of the assembled form, more than two sections may be employed in one from if desired, but unless the column to be cast is unusually large, two sections suffice. In the event the column is of excessive height (or of excessive length in the case of horizontally cast beams or slabs), or to facilitate handling and transportation, two or more forms, each constructed as shown, may be stacked. In that event, suitable means, such as interengaging peripheral flanges or pin-and-socket devices are provided on adjacent ends of the stacked sections to prevent lateral relative dis placement.
When the structure to be cast is large, imposing a heavy load on the form, the slope of the engaged surfaces of projection 24 and protuberance 21 should be more nearly radial to offer increased resistance to the peripheral force tending to release the joint. Also, the wedge 25 may be stiffened by suitable reinforcement to increase its resistance to compression and thus enabling the joint to resist the increased loading of the form.
It will be appreciated that plastic sectional forms afford many advantages over the conventional laminated paper forms, in addition to reuse. Thus, finishing of cast columns is minimized, for the form surface is smooth and there is little flash where the sections abut. Also, designs can be produced on the concrete by appropriate molding or processing of the inner surfaces of the forms.
Other advantages and uses of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
What is claimed is:
1. A sectional fonn for concrete and like hardenable material, comprising at least two form sections capable of being interlocked to provide a continuous form,
each section having at each side thereof a joint member extending longitudinally of the section,
the joint member at one side of one section being a female member and the coacting joint member at the adjacent side of the contiguous section being a male member freely received within and removable from the said female member by relative lateral displacement of said coacting joint members,
and a removable elastic wedge member driven laterally between assembled coacting joint members to apply radial pressure therebetween to effect interlocking and sealing of said coacting joint members,
whereby said form may be assembled and removed laterally of the element to be formed and may be reused.
2. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which the form sections are composed of a polymeric resin.
3. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which the form sections are composed of a thermoplastic resin extruded in sheet form.
4. A sectional form as claimed in claim 3 in which the thermoplastic resin in polystyrene.
5. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which said coacting joint members are formed to provide abutting sloping walls resisting disengagement of said joint members when said wedge member is driven home.
6. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 In which said wedge is composed of a synthetic elastomer.
7. A sectional form as claimed in claim 6 in which said elastomer is a neoprene.
8. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1, in which each section is provided on its inner face with a coating of an anti-adhesive composition.
9. A sectional form as claimed in claim 8, in which said anti-adhesive composition is polytetrafluoroethylene.
10. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which said form sections and said joints are integrally formed.
11. A sectional form as claimed in claim 3 in which said joints are formed integrally with said sections by extrusion.

Claims (11)

1. A sectional form for concrete and like hardenable material, comprising at least two form sections capable of being interlocked to provide a continuous form, each section having at each side thereof a joint member extending longitudinally of the section, the joint member at one side of one section being a female member and the coacting joint member at the adjacent side of the contiguous section being a male member freely received within and removable from the said female member by relative lateral displacement of said coacting joint members, and a removable elastic wedge member driven laterally between assembled coacting joint members to apply radial pressure therebetween to effect interlocking and sealing of said coacting joint members, whereby said form may be assembled and removed laterally of the element to be formed and may be reused.
2. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which the form sections are composed of a polymeric resin.
3. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which the form sections are composed of a thermoplastic resin extruded in sheet form.
4. A sectional form as claimed in claim 3 in which the thermoplastic resin in polystyrene.
5. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which said coacting joint members are formed to provide abutting sloping walls resisting disengagement of said joint members when said wedge member is driven home.
6. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which said wedge is composed of a synthetic elastomer.
7. A sectional form as claimed in claim 6 in which said elastomer is a neoprene.
8. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1, in which each section is provided on its inner face with a coating of an anti-adhesive composition.
9. A sectional form as claimed in claim 8, in which said anti-adhesive composition is polytetrafluoroethylene.
10. A sectional form as claimed in claim 1 in which said form sections and said joints are integrally formed.
11. A sectional form as claimed in claim 3 in which said joints are formed integrally with said sections by extrusion.
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Cited By (43)

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US4519434A (en) * 1982-11-19 1985-05-28 Security Shutter Corporation Winding mechanism for rollable shutter curtain
US4967800A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-11-06 American Maplan Corporation Secondary confinement pipe having segments with interlocking rib and groove joints and coextruded sealant layers #4
US5108671A (en) * 1991-08-07 1992-04-28 Kiewit Construction Group Inc. Concrete formwork and method for forming a draft tube
US5505230A (en) * 1992-03-19 1996-04-09 Proprietary Technology, Inc. Means for protecting conducting equipment
US5874016A (en) * 1993-10-04 1999-02-23 Sonoco Products Company Concrete column forming tube having a smooth inside coated surface
US6062342A (en) * 1995-09-27 2000-05-16 Dobson; Dale Rescue device for a confined space and method of using thereof
US6318700B1 (en) 1996-06-21 2001-11-20 Brent Cliff Anti-frost concrete mould
US6431216B1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2002-08-13 Terry L. Briscoe Protective tube assembly
WO2003050365A1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2003-06-19 Max Frank Gmbh & Co. Kg Pillar formwork
US20030222368A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2003-12-04 Gilmour Perry J. Flexible lightweight concrete form
US20050110179A1 (en) * 2003-11-26 2005-05-26 Federico Loeffler-Lenz Apparatus and method for forming cavities of complex configuration within concrete
US20070101673A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2007-05-10 Gullette Jon M Column form
US20080023619A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2008-01-31 Giovanni Re Moulds for the Production of Plastic Abrasive and Support Thereof
US20080072510A1 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-03-27 Sound Footings, Llc Concrete column forming assembly
US20080073481A1 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-27 Fornier David A Segmented mold for column construction
US20090020680A1 (en) * 2006-03-14 2009-01-22 Bradac James M Concrete forming tube
US20100132292A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2010-06-03 Jon Michael Gullette Structural Support System and Method
US20100193981A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2010-08-05 Frano Luburic Apparatus and Methods for Interconnecting Tubular Sections
US20110062307A1 (en) * 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 The Wiremold Company Pre-pour sleeve system
US20120240425A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2012-09-27 Lg Electronics Inc. Laundry treating apparatus
US20120305333A1 (en) * 2011-06-03 2012-12-06 Coulthard Roger K Grain Rescue Tube
US20140076604A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Tyco Electronics Corporation Power Transmission Line Covers and Methods and Assemblies Using Same
USD735366S1 (en) * 2012-11-06 2015-07-28 Kanex Patents Ltd. Telescopic canning sleeve set for forming voids in concrete slab
US9273479B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2016-03-01 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9359780B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2016-06-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9441365B2 (en) 2011-11-24 2016-09-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Stay-in-place formwork with anti-deformation panels
US9453345B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2016-09-27 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures
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US9702485B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2017-07-11 Te Connectivity Corporation Covers for electrical distribution lines and insulators and methods and systems including same
US9783991B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure cladding trim components and methods for fabrication and use of same
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US9915064B1 (en) * 2016-11-11 2018-03-13 Mark E. Sanders Method and apparatus for reducing propagation of cracks in concrete
US9982444B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-05-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems
US10022825B2 (en) 2010-07-06 2018-07-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Method for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding a variety of structures
US20180205210A1 (en) * 2015-07-06 2018-07-19 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Wire housing protector
US10151119B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2018-12-11 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Tool for making panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures and methods for using same
US10280636B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2019-05-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same
US10731333B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2020-08-04 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same
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US11408187B2 (en) * 2017-01-18 2022-08-09 Create A Castle, LLC Mold systems having a separation tool for molding structures
US20220372775A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2022-11-24 Create A Castle, LLC Systems, devices, and methods for molding structures
US11512483B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2022-11-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US11674322B2 (en) 2019-02-08 2023-06-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Retainers for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures

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US3163908A (en) * 1962-07-06 1965-01-05 Holly V Lawmaster Mold for casting test samples
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Cited By (65)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4519434A (en) * 1982-11-19 1985-05-28 Security Shutter Corporation Winding mechanism for rollable shutter curtain
US4967800A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-11-06 American Maplan Corporation Secondary confinement pipe having segments with interlocking rib and groove joints and coextruded sealant layers #4
US5108671A (en) * 1991-08-07 1992-04-28 Kiewit Construction Group Inc. Concrete formwork and method for forming a draft tube
US5505230A (en) * 1992-03-19 1996-04-09 Proprietary Technology, Inc. Means for protecting conducting equipment
US5874016A (en) * 1993-10-04 1999-02-23 Sonoco Products Company Concrete column forming tube having a smooth inside coated surface
US6062342A (en) * 1995-09-27 2000-05-16 Dobson; Dale Rescue device for a confined space and method of using thereof
US6318700B1 (en) 1996-06-21 2001-11-20 Brent Cliff Anti-frost concrete mould
US6431216B1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2002-08-13 Terry L. Briscoe Protective tube assembly
WO2003050365A1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2003-06-19 Max Frank Gmbh & Co. Kg Pillar formwork
DE10160441A1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2003-06-26 Max Frank Gmbh Window planking
DE10160441B4 (en) * 2001-12-08 2006-07-06 Max Frank Gmbh & Co. Kg Window planking
US20050067552A1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2005-03-31 Ludwig Penzkofer Pillar formwork
US20080251686A1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2008-10-16 Max Frank Gmbh & Co. Kg Pillar Formwork
US20030222368A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2003-12-04 Gilmour Perry J. Flexible lightweight concrete form
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