US3682181A

US3682181A - Controlled heat release pad

Info

Publication number: US3682181A
Application number: US100031A
Authority: US
Inventors: William Garrett
Original assignee: Flairescence Ltd
Current assignee: Flairescence Ltd
Priority date: 1970-12-21
Filing date: 1970-12-21
Publication date: 1972-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 1989-08-08

Abstract

A pad, capable of formation into a roller, contains a heat generating formulation, the temperature of which can be controlled. Upon addition of water, the heat is generated at the predetermined rate for a period of time sufficient to provide a temporary setting of hair.

Description

United StatesPatent 1 1 3, 2,181

Garrett [s41 coN'lRoLLED HEAT RELEASE PAD. 2,185,799 1/1940 Blake m1 4.62/94 [72] Inventor; William GMYN k, N. 2,814,288 11/1957 Reik ....l26/263 ew Y 1,899,286 I 2/1933 Meagher ..l26/263 [73] Asslgneez Flairescence Ltd., New York, NY. 2,173,683 9/1939 Goldfarb et al ..l32/36.2 22 Filed: Dec. 21, 1970 2,239,410 4/1941 Bonat ..l32/36,2

[21] Appl. No.: 100,031 Primary Examiner-Gregory E. Mancene Assistant Examiner-Gregory E. McNeill 52 US. Cl. .;-..132/31 R Kurucz [51] Int. Cl. ..A45d 2/00 [57] ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search....l32/3l R, 9, 36.2, 7; 126/263;

128/821; 62/94 A pad, capable of formation into a roller, contains a heat generating formulation, the temperature of which 5 I References Cited can be controlled. Upon addition of water, the heat is generated at the predetermined rate for a period of UNITED STATES PATENTS time sufficient to provide a temporary setting of hair.

2,150,598 3/1939 v Bonat ..132/7 1 a Claim, 5 Drawing Figur s 451 Aug. 8, 1972 Patented Aug. 8, 1972 FIG.

FIG. 4

BY 0% I :1, ATTORNEYS CONTROLLED HEAT RELEASE PAD CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is related to my co-pending applicatron, Ser. No. 79,447, filed Oct. 9, 1970.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The setting of human hair, a proteinacious material, either by waving or curling, is a subject which has received considerable attention. A variety of electrical devices and materials are presently marketed to accomplish hair setting in a variety of manners. Some of the devices presently marketed for this purpose are heated so as to more easily accomplish the setting of the hair which, because'of its proteinacious nature, will set when wrapped about a heated roller. In particular, various electrically heated rollers have been manufactured but these provide obvious drawbacks because of the necessity for electrical current.

Other devices have been provided which utilize machineless or cold-waving methods for permanent waving of the hair, and these also have drawbacks because of the general requirement that chemical compounds, particularly caustic compounds, be brought into direct contact with the hair and scalp of the user.

Prior patents have described other types of pads, such as pads particularly employable forpermanent waving of hair, these pads utilizing heat chemically generated within the pad. One example of such a prior patent in US. Pat. No. 2,239,4lO-Bonat. However, because the materials described in this patent do not provide for a controlled heat generation, there was often an excessive generation of heat. In those situations where the pad is employed as a roller to set the users hair, there is the danger of injury to thehair and/or scalp of the user. In other situations, there was no assurance of the correct heat to provide proper setting of the hair, as when the hair is formed as a wig.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In my co-pending application, previously referred to, I have described a structure and formulation for a heat generating pad to be used in setting human hair. The formulation and structure provide for controlled generation of heat, for a controlled period of time, so'

that the hair may be set without injury to the hair and/or scalp of the user. In accordance with the present invention, l have developed a separate formulation which, through proper variation, can be employed to form a pad similar to that described in my co-pending application, where the temperature generated by the composition is such as to allow for setting of human hair without injury to the hair or scalp of the user, or to provide a pad which can be used for setting hair not attached to the users scalp, i.e., a wig. In the latter case, because the hair is not directly attached to the users scalp, higher temperatures may be employed. However, even in these cases, too high a temperature may result in damage to the hair or hair-like filaments which constitute the wig and, accordingly, control of the temperature generated is important. Further, as is obvious, if the temperature of the roller is not sufficiently high, or is not generated or maintained over a sufiicient period of time, then inadequate setting will result.

In accordance with the present invention, the formulation is prepared in two parts. The first part, in essence, is the material which provides the heat when actuated by water. However, the second part acts as an activator for the first part. Thus, the amount of the second part employed controls the temperature generated by the pad and variation of the amount of the second part employed, with relation to the first part, acts to detemiine the use to which the pad can be put. I.e., smaller amounts of the second part will provide for a pad, capable of formation into a roller, which can be applied directly to human hair and to a human scalp. Increased amounts of the second part, on the other hand, provide for a pad, capable of formation into a roller, which is more suited to use in setting wigs, where a higher temperature is desirable.

In addition to the particular formulation, my invention contemplates a particular pad structure. The formulation employed according to the present invention, is in powder form. Accordingly, my invention contemplates the use of a multi-layer pad structure where at least one of the layers is corrugated so as to retain the heat generating formulation in place. Proper formation of this corrugation will also act to assure that the correct amounts of the heat generating formulation are.

contained within a given pad.

. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings,

FIG. 1 is a plan view, partially broken away, of the pad of the present invention:

FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the line 22 of FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF'THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawings, the various layers of the pad of the present invention are illustrated. In particular, this pad includes a metal foil layer 1, a layer of stiffener paper 2, and a corrugated sheet 3 within which the heat generating formulation of the present invention is contained. Overlying the corrugated layer, and more particularly that side of the corrugated layer in which the heat generating formulation 4 is contained, is an absorbent layer 5. A portion of the metal foil layer, near an edge, is provided with a pressure sensitive adhesive 6 and a non-blocking paper covering 7 which prevents adherence of this pressure-sensitive layer to a further surface until the desired time. Surrounding each of the edges of the pad is a synthetic resin strip 8 which acts to hold the various layers together and also acts to prevent loss of the heat generating formulation contained within the corrugations of layer 3. In addition, strips 9 of the same synthetic resin overlie portions of the pad in order to aid in retaining the heat layer 1, preferably an aluminum foil, acts as a heat conductor so as to distribute the heat evenly over the surface of the roller. Preferably the thickness of this aluminum foil layer is about 0.35 mil. Of course, there may be some variation in the thickness of the foil layer and the foil may be from about 0.1 to 1 mil, or more, in thickness.

The stiffener layer is preferably formed of a -point, relatively stiff paper, such as Kraft paper. stiffener layer provides the necessary dimensional stability after the padhas been formed into a roller, and further acts toretainheat, I r In many instances, it will be desirable to form the stiffener layer and the foil layer as an integral sheet prior to formation of the pad. Thus, a layer of Kraft paper may be coated with a thin film of metal, such as aluminum, by a variety of techniques known in the art, including the lamination of two layers. This combined sheet would thus form both the stiffener layer 2 and foil layer 1 of the pad of the present invention. In either event, thestifiener layer is preferably about 10- mils thick and the'thickness of this layer may vary from about 5 to 25 mils. x

The carrier layer 3 of the pad is the layer which holds the heat' generating formulation. As previously discussed, and as indicated in the drawings, this layer is I a corrugated layer. The heat generating formulation of t the present invention is held within the corrugation on the side opposite the foil layer 1 and stiffener layer 2. In

When the heat generating pad of this invention is not to be applied directly to the human scalp, i.e., when the pad is to be employed in setting or curlinga wig, for example, then the amount of activator, Part B, may be increased. In that situation, there is an approximate l to 1 ratio of Part A-and Part B. Variations in this ratio are permitted and the ratio may vary from l:0. l to l:l.l of

Part A to Part B. From about 12 to 17.5 grams of the mixture is then employed for each 2 %inch by 2 54inch ad. a p The controlled heat pad, for application directly to human hair, will begin to generate vapor, after application of water to absorbent layer 5, in about one-half minute. The maximum temperature of l35'l50"- F. is quickly attained and this'temperature is maintained for a period of about 15 to minutes. With the pad for application to wigs, a temperature of l60-l 80 F. is attained in about 1 lminutes. This temperature is maintained for from about to 40 minutes. The temperatures and times set forth above have been found to be the ideal for setting, respectively, human hair and wig hair or filaments.

In Part A above, the potassium perrnanagate is employed in the form of a finely comminuted powder.

This acts as an oxidizer for the iron powder which is 1 also a heat conductor and distributor. The iron powder,

preferably, is of a size which will pass a US. No. 50

general, this corrugated layer 3 can be formed of any material which does not react with the heat generating compound, either before or during reaction, and which is. capable of being heat bonded to the top layer of the pad, as will be later described. In general, this carrier layer can be formed of cellulosic paper having a thickness of about 5 to 10' mils, preferably about 7 to 8 mils. j

The heat generating formulationof the present invention, as previously indicated, is formed in two parts. Part A comprises the following components in the amounts indicated:

Material Amount Potassium Permanagate 0.5-l.0 part Powdered lron l0-l5 parts Cupric-Oxide 0.25-0.50 part Tartaric Acid 5-8 parts Part B of the formulation aids in activating Part A.

The constituents of this component are:

' Material Amount Silica 50-60 parts Aluminum 9.5-l2 parts Cupric Sulfate l0.5-l2 parts Sodium Nitrate 5 5-7 parts 10-12 parts Sodium Chlorate sieve. The cupric oxide is a catalyst for the reaction of self, employed in powder form. The tartaric acid is important in modulating the heat generation of the formulation and is also employed in the form of a powder.

With regard to Part B, the silica acts as an inert material for distributing and dispersing the remainder of the formulation. The aluminum powder, as the iron powder of component A, actsas a heat conductor and also aids in generation of heat, as .does the cupric sulfate which is employed in its anhydrous form. The sodium nitrate acts as a catalyst and the sodium chlorate, employed in a finely comminuted form, acts as an oxidizer in the same manner as the potassium permanagate of Part A. The ferric oxide and sodium chloride are additional stabilizingagents.

Part A and Part B are mixed in the desired proportion, as indicated above, and arethen fed in a dry state to the corrugated layer 3. They may be applied in any manner so as to obtain a uniform distribution of the powder within the corrugations in the amounts indicated. For example, a doctor blade may be employed,

or any other manner of placing the powder within the papers which can be employed are those manufactured I by C. H. Dexter Company under Numbers 24 and 313.

They are 14 No. papers generally having a thickness of from about 6 to 15 mils and a water absorption capacity exceeding 0.2 gram per square inch. A test for the paper involves a modification of ASTM Standard D 726-43T. In this modified. test, porosity is defined as the average numberof seconds for displacement of 400 four thicknesses of the material. Employing this test,

the porosity of the absorbent layer 5 employed should be from about 0.5 to seconds, preferably about 5 seconds on a Gurley densometer.

Following formation of the pad with the layers described, the edges of the pad, and some portions in the center of the pad, are crimped as indicated in the areas 8 and 9. This crimping is to provide for easier application'of a bonding resin which, after application, aids in retaining the dimensional stability of the pad. The resin employed is generally a thermoplastic resin adhesive which is placed on the pad in the desired form and the entire pad is then heated to soften the resin, following which the pad is pressed to bond the resin. Upon cooling, a seal is effected. The resin should be one which will maintain the seal at temperatures above 200-220 F. so that the seal is not broken upon generation of heat. Included among resins which can be employed for this use are polyvinyl resins, particularly a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. Additionally, a properly plasticized cellulose derivative can be used.

To employ the pad described in accordance with the foregoing disclosure, it is formed into a roller in the manner illustrated in FIG. 5. Specifically, the pad is bent into a roll form. As an added convenience, a cylindrical form (not illustrated) may be employed. The blocking paper layer 7 is removed and portion 9 of the pad surface is applied over the pressure sensitive adhesive 6 and firmly pressed so as to bond this edge to the pressure sensitive layer and thus complete formation of the roller. In place of the pressure sensitive adhesive, other means of joining one end of the pad to the other for formation of the roller can be used. Such means include the formation of a slot through the entire pad with a tab formed on stiffening layer 6 which is inserted within the slot. Other methods of holding the roller form will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

After formation of the roller, water is applied to the inner, absorbent surface layer 5. This water reacts with the heat generating formulation 4 carried within corrugations of sheet 3. Within to l lminutes, depending upon the type of pad employed according to this inven tion, heat generation begins. This allows sufficient time for properly winding the users hair or the fibers of a wig about the formed roller. Heat generation continues for a period of time, as previously disclosed. This heat is sufficient to create a temporary set in the hair, but the temperature is not sufficiently high to injure the pad, a certain amount of heat control is also obtained through the inherent structure of the roller which allows heat to be dissipated into the surrounding air through the openings in the ends of the roller. If it is desired that this heat be retained for an additional period, a cap can be used.'In that situation, the rollers are formed as indicated and the hair wound about them. The absorbent layer of the pad is wetted, employing an aerosol type spray for wetting, and the cap is then placed over the head for the desired period of time. Since, inherently, the formulation described will generate a temperature only within the desired range,

defined in the appended claims.

lclaim: 1. A pad for use in hair setting and adapted to generate controlled amounts of heat upon the application of water comprising:

hair or scalp of the user, when using the controlled heat ture os the pad rises above 135 F. Such materials may include proteins to enhance the quality and appearance of the hair.

In addition to the controlled heat provided by the specific construction and formulation of the present a. a first layer adapted to distribute the heat and maintain the dimensional stability of the pad;

b. a second layer, adjacent said firstv layer, but

separated from said heat distributing area, including a heat generating formulation capable of generating heat, following the application of water, at a controlled rate for a period of time sufficient to temporarily set the hair, said formulation being formed in two parts, said first part consisting essentially of potassium permanganate, iron powder, cupric oxide and tartaric acid; and said second part comprising silica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chlorate; and

. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said second layer carrying said heat generating formulation, and adapted to receive water for contact with said heat generating formulation.

2. The pad of claim 1 wherein said first layer is formed of two distinct materials, the first a heat distributing foil and the second a Kraft paper.

3. The pad of claim 1 wherein said second part also contains ferric oxide and sodium chloride.

4. The pad of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the first part of said heat generating composition to the second part of said heat generating composition is approximately 20:1.

5. The pad of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the first part of said heat generating composition to the second part of said heat generating composition to the second part of said heat generating composition is from 1:0.1 to 1:1.1.

6. The pad of claim 5 wherein said ratio is l: 1.

7. The pad of claim 1 having, in addition, a protein material, inert at room temperature but generated at a temperature of at least F.

8. A pad capable of generating heat at a controlled rate for a sustained period of time upon the application of water comprising:

a. a first layer adapted to distribute the heat and maintain the dimensional stability of the pad; aluminum, sodium nitrate 8 part comprising silica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium chlorate; and r c. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said corru gated layer carrying said heat generating formulation, and-adapted to receive water for contact with said heat generating formulation. I

Patent No. 3,682,181 Dated August 8, 972

Inventor(g) William Garrett It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

At Col. 1, line 32, change "in" to-is-;

Col. 3, after line 40, change "Permanagate" to- Permanganate"-; 7

Col. 4, line 24, change "permanagate" topermanganate;

line 30, change "permanagate" to-permanganate;

line 43, change "managate" toma.nganate--;

Col. 5, line 63, change "0s" to-of;

claim 5, delete line 567 Col. 6, claim 8, line 66, delete "alu.";

delete line 67; and

Col. 7, claim 8, line 6, change "permanagate" topermanganate-.

Signed and sealed this 23rd day of January 1973..

(SEAL) Attest EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM Do-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 v1 us. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I9" O366-334

Claims

1. A pad for use in hair setting and adapted to generate controlled amounts of heat upon the application of water comprising: a. a first layer adapted to distribute the heat and maintain the dimensional stability of the pad; b. a second layer, adjacent said first layer, but separated from said heat distributing area, including a heat generating formulation capable of generating heat, following the application of water, at a controlled rate for a period of time sufficient to temporarily set the hair, said formulation being formed in two parts, said first part consisting essentially of potassium permanganate, iron powder, cupric oxide and tartaric acid; and said second part comprising silica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chlorate; and c. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said second layer carrying said heat generating formulation, and adapted to receive water for contact with said heat generating formulation.

6. The pad of claim 5 wherein said ratio is 1:1.

7. The pad of claim 1 having, in addition, a protein material, inert at room temperature but generated at a temperature of at least 135* F.

8. A pad capable of generating heat at a controlled rate for a sustained period of time upon the application of water comprising: a. a first layer adapted to distribute the heat and maintain the dimensional stability of the pad; aluminum, sodium nitrate b. a corrugated layer, adjacent said first layer, but separated from said heat distributing area, having contained within the corrugations furthest from said first layer a heat generating formulation formed in two parts, said first part consisting essentially of potassium permanagate, iron powder, cupric oxide and tartaric acid; and said second part comprising silica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium chlorate; and c. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said corrugated layer carrying said heat generating formulation, and adapted to receive water for contact with said heat generating formulation.