US3680029A - Ignition circuit radiation suppression resistor - Google Patents
Ignition circuit radiation suppression resistor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3680029A US3680029A US98604A US3680029DA US3680029A US 3680029 A US3680029 A US 3680029A US 98604 A US98604 A US 98604A US 3680029D A US3680029D A US 3680029DA US 3680029 A US3680029 A US 3680029A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resistor
- wire
- spark plug
- approximately
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000002017 Solanum caripense Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/02—Details
- H01T13/04—Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs
- H01T13/05—Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs combined with interference suppressing or shielding means
Definitions
- the invention relates to ignition circuits of the type used on automobiles and refers more specifically to a wire wound resistor including a substantial amount of iron in the resistor wire for suppressing extraneous electromagnetic radiation produced on firing of the spark plugs, which suppression is enhanced due to the hysteresis effect of the iron in the resistor wire.
- Standard original equipment automobile ignition circuits maintain their emission below the maximum recommended by the S.A.E. at the testing required by the S.A.E. Standard J55la.
- Such original equipment generally includes a nonmetallic carbon impregnated nylon core spark plug lead.
- Replacement spark plug leads have generally been of the insulated wire type. For example, copper wire has been used. The solid wire spark plug leads radiate substantial energy on firing of the spark plugs if the energy is not suppressed.
- a resistor between the spark plug and spark plug lead which is a wire wound resistor on an insulating core.
- the wire wound resistor has a substantial iron content so that the electromagnetic energy produced on firing of the park plugs will be dissipated in the resistor partly due to the hysteresis efiect of the iron in the resistor along with the usual attenuation of the radiation due to the alternating and direct current resistance provided by the resistor.
- a wire wound resistor 10 is connected between a spark plug lead 12 and a spark plug 14 in a usual internal combustion engine ignition circuit 16.
- the spark plug 14 is periodically caused to discharge, whereby alternating signals over the entire frequency range of, for example, from 20-l ,OOOMH, may be created which if pased back to the spark plug lead wire 12 will be radiated a substantial distance from the ignition circuit to cause radiation pollution of the airwaves.
- the wire wound resistor 10 includes a core 18 of high temperature resistant material such as a ceramic and a resistor wire coil 20 wound on the core 18.
- Metal connectors 22 and 24 are provided, as shown, to connect the wire of the wire wound resistor 10 to the spark plug lead 12 at one end and to the spark plug 14 at the other end.
- the electrical energy created on firing of the spark plug 14 is dissipated in the resistor 10 due to the impedance of the wire 20 to the frequency of the signals produced on firing of the spark plug 14 and the direct current resistance of the material of which the wire 20 is constructed.
- the alternating energy produced on firing of the spark plug 14 is further attenuated before arriving at the spark plug lead 12 by the hysteresis effect of the particular resistor wire 20.
- Resistor wire 20 contains a substantial amount of iron to provide the hysteresis eifect which further attenuates the alternating energy created by the spark plug 14.
- the wire 20 is relatively thin and may be between 0.001 and 0.0015 inches in diameter and approximately 18 feet long and include amounts of chromium, aluminum and cobalt to provide required direct current resistance which a pure iron wire would provide very littleof.
- the wire 20 wound on a ceramic core one eighth inch in diameter and three fourth inch inch long was 0.0015 inches in diameter and had a composition of approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance was iron by weight.
- the energy absorption due to the hysteresis of the iron in the coil which hysteresis is defined as the magnetization of a sample of iron due to a magnetic field which is made to vary through a cycle of values and lags behind the magnetic field.
- Standard textbooks provide an equation developed by Steinmetz for hysteresis and give the law of energy in ergs per cycle per centimeter cubed which may be dissipated by the hysteresis effect as:
- B is the maximum induction in maxwells per cm and n is the coefficient of hysteresis.
- a resistor for use in automobile ignition spark plug circuits or the like comprising a ceramic insulating core, a wire coil wound on the insulating core having a substantial iron content whereby energy is dissipated in the resistor due to the hysteresis effect of the iron content thereof and insulating material applied to the wire coil and ceramic core.
- wire is approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron.
- a resistor for use in automobile ignition spark plug circuits or the like comprising an insulating core and a wire coil wound on the insulating core, the wire of which is approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron, whereby energy is dissipated in the resistor due to the hysteresis effect of the iron content thereof.
- resistor in series between the spark plug and the spark plug lead immediately adjacent the spark plug for suppressing radiation on firing of the spark plug
- resistor includes a ceramic core and a wire coil wound on the ceramic core including a substantial amount of iron whereby alternating energy created by the spark plugs in the range of 20-l,000 megahertz, in addition to that dissipated due to the resistance value of the resistor, is dissipated due to the hysteresis effect of the iron in the resistor coil.
Landscapes
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A wire resistor including a ceramic core and a resistor wire wrapped on the core constructed of approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron, which is coated with an insulating material, is positioned between an internal combustion engine ignition circuit spark plug lead and the associated spark plug for suppressing electromagnetic radiation on firing of the spark plug in the frequency range of 20-1,000 megahertz to prevent pollution of the air by extraneous radiation.
Description
United States Patent Berry Field of Search IGNITION CIRCUIT RADIATION SUPPRESSION RESISTOR lnventor: Norman H. Berry, 49 Cambridge, Pleasant Ridge, Mich. 48069 Filed: Dec. 16, 1970 Appl. No.: 98,604
US. Cl. ..338/334, 123/148 A, 174/355 M, 252/513, 338/66, 338/270 Int. Cl .1101: 1/06 ..338/66, 267-270, 338/264, 301, 302, 334; 174/355 M, 36; 123/148 A, 148 P; 252/513; 330/177 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7 58,439 10/ 1 866 l y o n 23 6017 lGNITlON CIRCUIT lllllll [4 1 July 25,1972
Houchin ..l36/l77 3,191,132 6/1965 Mayer 174/36 3,212,044 10/1965 Cloud 3,529,273 9/1970 Morris ..338/66 Primary Examiner-E. A. Goldberg AnorneyWhittemore, l-lulbert & Belknap [57] ABSTRACT 9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure APPROXIMATE WIRE COMPOSITION 4.5% ALUMINUM 22 CHROMIUM 5% COBALT BALANCE IRON PAIENIEHIIII2 Am 3.680.029
IGNITION CIRCUIT /I6 I I I I I I I APPROXIMATE wIRE COMPOSITION 4.5% ALUMINUM 22 CHROMIUM 5% COBALT 24 BALANCE IRoN INVENTOR NORMAN H. BERRY BY ;LZ TE,-E-
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to ignition circuits of the type used on automobiles and refers more specifically to a wire wound resistor including a substantial amount of iron in the resistor wire for suppressing extraneous electromagnetic radiation produced on firing of the spark plugs, which suppression is enhanced due to the hysteresis effect of the iron in the resistor wire.
2. Description of the Prior Art Relatively recently, ecologists have discovered pollution of the airwaves in certain areas by electromagnetic waves which are not dissipated or confined in the area of use thereof. Thus, for example, garage doors may open and close for no apparent reason in areas where a large number of automobiles are operated, communication may be interrupted with satellites and navigational gear may mysteriously indicate incorrect directions. Such malfunctioning due to electromagnetic interference of our airwaves may be particularly expensive and sometimes dangerous.
Thus, for example, in a newly built lnternal Revenue Service complex in Louisiana, part of the computers memory suddenly went blank, and it was subsequently discovered that signals from the New Orleans airport erased the tax records that had been freshly stored on the computers electronic tape. Also, certain pacemakers for the heart designed to steady the beat of a faltering heart can be knocked temporarily out of rhythm if they happen to come close to microwave ovens.
The Federal Communications Commission has therefore attempted to regulate the use of the airwaves and has provided standards for electronic radiation control. The Society of Automotive Engineers (S.A.E.) have recommended one such regulation in S.A.E. Standard J55la, stating maximum permissible radiation from automobile ignition circuits on firing of the spark plugs therein.
Standard original equipment automobile ignition circuits maintain their emission below the maximum recommended by the S.A.E. at the testing required by the S.A.E. Standard J55la. Such original equipment generally includes a nonmetallic carbon impregnated nylon core spark plug lead. Replacement spark plug leads, however, have generally been of the insulated wire type. For example, copper wire has been used. The solid wire spark plug leads radiate substantial energy on firing of the spark plugs if the energy is not suppressed.
In the past resistors have been placed between the spark plugs and spark plug leads to suppress passage of energy from the spark plugs to the leads on firing of the spark plugs. Also, the spark plug leads have sometimes in the past been wrapped with monel coils to suppress the radiation from the spark plug leads on firing of the spark plugs. Such radiation suppression means have been effective in after-market spark plug leads to reduce radiation from the spark plug leads to within the prescribed S.A.E. limits at lower frequencies. However, at higher frequency in the band indicated above the radiation permitted by these devices has in the past been at or slightly over the maximum recommended by S.A.E. Standard J55la. It is desirable to reduce the radiation from the after-market spark plug leads to a radiation no greater than that provided by the original equipment manufacturers in the frequency range from 20MH to l,000MH,
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To further reduce the emission from solid wire spark plug leads, there is therefore provided in accordance with the invention a resistor between the spark plug and spark plug lead which is a wire wound resistor on an insulating core. The wire wound resistor has a substantial iron content so that the electromagnetic energy produced on firing of the park plugs will be dissipated in the resistor partly due to the hysteresis efiect of the iron in the resistor along with the usual attenuation of the radiation due to the alternating and direct current resistance provided by the resistor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS spark plug lead and a spark plug in an automobile ignition circuit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT As shown in the FIGURE, a wire wound resistor 10 is connected between a spark plug lead 12 and a spark plug 14 in a usual internal combustion engine ignition circuit 16.
In accordance with the usual operation of the ignition circuit 16, the spark plug 14 is periodically caused to discharge, whereby alternating signals over the entire frequency range of, for example, from 20-l ,OOOMH, may be created which if pased back to the spark plug lead wire 12 will be radiated a substantial distance from the ignition circuit to cause radiation pollution of the airwaves.
The wire wound resistor 10 includes a core 18 of high temperature resistant material such as a ceramic and a resistor wire coil 20 wound on the core 18. Metal connectors 22 and 24 are provided, as shown, to connect the wire of the wire wound resistor 10 to the spark plug lead 12 at one end and to the spark plug 14 at the other end.
The electrical energy created on firing of the spark plug 14 is dissipated in the resistor 10 due to the impedance of the wire 20 to the frequency of the signals produced on firing of the spark plug 14 and the direct current resistance of the material of which the wire 20 is constructed.
In addition and in accordance with the invention, the alternating energy produced on firing of the spark plug 14 is further attenuated before arriving at the spark plug lead 12 by the hysteresis effect of the particular resistor wire 20. Resistor wire 20 contains a substantial amount of iron to provide the hysteresis eifect which further attenuates the alternating energy created by the spark plug 14.
The wire 20 is relatively thin and may be between 0.001 and 0.0015 inches in diameter and approximately 18 feet long and include amounts of chromium, aluminum and cobalt to provide required direct current resistance which a pure iron wire would provide very littleof.
In one example, the wire 20 wound on a ceramic core one eighth inch in diameter and three fourth inch inch long was 0.0015 inches in diameter and had a composition of approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance was iron by weight.
The energy absorption due to the hysteresis of the iron in the coil, which hysteresis is defined as the magnetization of a sample of iron due to a magnetic field which is made to vary through a cycle of values and lags behind the magnetic field. Standard textbooks provide an equation developed by Steinmetz for hysteresis and give the law of energy in ergs per cycle per centimeter cubed which may be dissipated by the hysteresis effect as:
where B is the maximum induction in maxwells per cm and n is the coefficient of hysteresis.
While as noted above a pure iron resistor wire will provide a -minimum of direct current-resistance of approximately 3000 While one embodiment of the invention has been considered in detail, it will be understood that other modifications and embodiments are contemplated by the inventor. It is intended to include all modifications and embodiments as are defined by the appended claims within the scope of the invention.
What I Claim as my invention is:
l. A resistor for use in automobile ignition spark plug circuits or the like comprising a ceramic insulating core, a wire coil wound on the insulating core having a substantial iron content whereby energy is dissipated in the resistor due to the hysteresis effect of the iron content thereof and insulating material applied to the wire coil and ceramic core.
2. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the wire is approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron.
3. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 70 percent iron.
4. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the wire is approximately 0.0015 inches in diameter.
5. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 18 feet long.
6. A resistor for use in automobile ignition spark plug circuits or the like comprising an insulating core and a wire coil wound on the insulating core, the wire of which is approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron, whereby energy is dissipated in the resistor due to the hysteresis effect of the iron content thereof.
7. Structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 0.0015 inches in diameter.
8. Structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 18 feet long.
9. In combination in an ignition system, a spark plug lead, a spark plug and a wire wound resistor in series between the spark plug and the spark plug lead immediately adjacent the spark plug for suppressing radiation on firing of the spark plug which resistor includes a ceramic core and a wire coil wound on the ceramic core including a substantial amount of iron whereby alternating energy created by the spark plugs in the range of 20-l,000 megahertz, in addition to that dissipated due to the resistance value of the resistor, is dissipated due to the hysteresis effect of the iron in the resistor coil.
1. l i l
Claims (8)
- 2. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the wire is approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron.
- 3. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 70 percent iron.
- 4. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the wire is approximately 0.0015 inches in diameter.
- 5. Structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 18 feet long.
- 6. A resistor for use in automobile ignition spark plug circuits or the like comprising an insulating core and a wire coil wound on the insulating core, the wire of which is approximately 4.5 percent aluminum, 22 percent chromium, 0.5 percent cobalt and the balance iron, whereby energy is dissipated in the resistor due to the hysteresis effect of the iron content thereof.
- 7. Structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 0.0015 inches in diameter.
- 8. Structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein the resistor wire is approximately 18 feet long.
- 9. In combination in an ignition system, a spark plug lead, a spark plug and a wire wound resistor in series between the spark plug and the spark plug lead immediately adjacent the spark plug for suppressing radiation on firing of the spark plug which resistor includes a ceramic core and a wire coil wound on the ceramic core including a substantial amount of iron whereby alternating energy created by the spark plugs in the range of 20-1,000 megahertz, in addition to that dissipated due to the resistance value of the resistor, is dissipated due to the hysteresis effect of the iron in the resistor coil.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9860470A | 1970-12-16 | 1970-12-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3680029A true US3680029A (en) | 1972-07-25 |
Family
ID=22270074
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US98604A Expired - Lifetime US3680029A (en) | 1970-12-16 | 1970-12-16 | Ignition circuit radiation suppression resistor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3680029A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4001145A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1977-01-04 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Glassy resistor composition for use in a resistor incorporated spark plug |
| US4006106A (en) * | 1974-10-08 | 1977-02-01 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Self sealable glassy resistor composition for a resistor sealed spark plug |
| US5166487A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-11-24 | Tecogen, Inc. | Cooking oven with convection and microwave heating |
| US20070235012A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-10-11 | Lam Luk Mui J | Ignition Apparatus |
| US20070293064A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Dennis Steinhardt | Spark plug boot |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US58439A (en) * | 1866-10-02 | Improvement in induction-coils for electro-magnets | ||
| US1306815A (en) * | 1919-06-17 | houchin and c | ||
| US3191815A (en) * | 1961-05-08 | 1965-06-29 | Graham Cecil Robert Montgomery | Tops for aerosol containers |
| US3212044A (en) * | 1963-04-05 | 1965-10-12 | Whitaker Cable Corp | Spark plug boot having high frequency electrical discharge suppression means therein |
| US3529273A (en) * | 1969-08-05 | 1970-09-15 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Wound resistor |
-
1970
- 1970-12-16 US US98604A patent/US3680029A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US58439A (en) * | 1866-10-02 | Improvement in induction-coils for electro-magnets | ||
| US1306815A (en) * | 1919-06-17 | houchin and c | ||
| US3191815A (en) * | 1961-05-08 | 1965-06-29 | Graham Cecil Robert Montgomery | Tops for aerosol containers |
| US3212044A (en) * | 1963-04-05 | 1965-10-12 | Whitaker Cable Corp | Spark plug boot having high frequency electrical discharge suppression means therein |
| US3529273A (en) * | 1969-08-05 | 1970-09-15 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Wound resistor |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4001145A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1977-01-04 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Glassy resistor composition for use in a resistor incorporated spark plug |
| US4006106A (en) * | 1974-10-08 | 1977-02-01 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Self sealable glassy resistor composition for a resistor sealed spark plug |
| US5166487A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-11-24 | Tecogen, Inc. | Cooking oven with convection and microwave heating |
| US20070235012A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-10-11 | Lam Luk Mui J | Ignition Apparatus |
| US7665451B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2010-02-23 | Joe Luk Mui Lam | Ignition apparatus |
| US20100108043A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2010-05-06 | Luk Mui Joe Lam | Ignition apparatus |
| US7819109B2 (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2010-10-26 | Lam Luk Mui Joe | Ignition apparatus |
| US20070293064A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Dennis Steinhardt | Spark plug boot |
| US7455537B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2008-11-25 | Briggs & Stratton Corporation | Spark plug boot |
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