US3679400A - Hot ductility of steels containing tellurium - Google Patents
Hot ductility of steels containing tellurium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3679400A US3679400A US82090A US3679400DA US3679400A US 3679400 A US3679400 A US 3679400A US 82090 A US82090 A US 82090A US 3679400D A US3679400D A US 3679400DA US 3679400 A US3679400 A US 3679400A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tellurium
- steels
- steel
- weight
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 49
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 49
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 56
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001046 4142 steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
Definitions
- This invention relates to the improvement in the hot ductility of steels containing tellurium.
- tellurium improves the machinability of steel when added in small amounts. It is desirable to make use of tellurium as an additive to improve the machinability of such steels because small amounts of tellurium improve the machinability while having little or no adverse elfects on other properties of the steel parts produced.
- tellurium even when present in small amounts, has an effect on the steel which is unique by comparison with the additions of lead or selenium in amounts to improve machinability.
- the presence of tellurium in the steels in the amounts required to improve machinability has the very undesirable effect of reducing ductility of the steel at hot working temperatures.
- ⁇ It is an object of this invention to produce and to provide a method for producing plain, medium and high carbon steels and alloy steels in which use is made of tellurium'in amounts to improve machinability characteristics of the steels but in which the undesirable elfect of tellurium on the ductility of the steels at hot working temperatures is effectively overcome.
- tellurium is added to yield a tellurium content in the steel in an amount within the range of .01 to .10 percent by weight and preferably in an amount within the range of .02 to .085 percent by weight.
- the amount of tellurium can be obtained by additions of tellurium, preferably in the form of a ferro tellurium, to the molten steel preferably before pouring the ingot.
- the rare earth component is preferably added in the form of mischmetal which is a mixture of rare earths containing about 50 to 53 percent by weight cerium, 25 to 26 percent by weight lanthanum, about 5 percent by weight praseodymium, and about 1 6 percent by weight neodymium.
- mischmetal is a mixture of rare earths containing about 50 to 53 percent by weight cerium, 25 to 26 percent by weight lanthanum, about 5 percent by weight praseodymium, and about 1 6 percent by weight neodymium.
- any one or more of the rare earths may be employed alone or in admixtures.
- the desired results can be secured when the mischmetal or other rare earths are employed with the tellurium in the ratio of 1 00 parts by weight tellurium to 10-5000 parts by weight of rare earths, and preferably in the ratio of parts by weight tellurium to 40-1000 parts by weight of rare earths.
- the desired results are secured when the rare earths are present in the steel
- the steels were made up in an induction furnace with av magnesia lining.
- the charges to the furnace were made up of ingot iron and ferrosilicon.
- ferro alloys were added to increase the silicon, chromium, phosphorus and molybdenum content.
- ferrosilicon was added with graphite to control the carbon and silicon contents.
- ferro-manganese was added. The additions of aluminum to kill the steel and the additions of tellurium or the like.
- the rare earth content was analyzed on the basis 'of cerium content. Assuming the cerium represents 50 percent of the total rare earths in 'misch'metal, the total amount of rare earths would be approximately twice the amount analyzed for cerium.
- test specimens'in the form of rods having a diameter of 0.250 inch and a length of 4% inches The hottensile tests reported were performed on an apparatus, known as a Gleeble, on test specimens'in the form of rods having a diameter of 0.250 inch and a length of 4% inches.
- the 'test specimens, as cast, were heated in byelectrical resistance means inacbrdarice with the following heating schedules;
- the method of improving the hot ductility of steels containing tellurium comprising adding rare earth elements for retention in the steel in the ratio of 1 part by weight tellurium to .1 to 50 parts by weight of rare earths.
- the rare earth element is present I in an amount within the range of .01 to .5 percent by weight.
- a hot worked tellurium steel having 0.1 to 50 parts by weight rare earth per 1 part by weight tellurium to improve the hot ductility of the steel.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8209070A | 1970-10-19 | 1970-10-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3679400A true US3679400A (en) | 1972-07-25 |
Family
ID=22169010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US82090A Expired - Lifetime US3679400A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1970-10-19 | Hot ductility of steels containing tellurium |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3679400A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA949778A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2152013A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2111703B1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1338107A (OSRAM) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3853544A (en) * | 1970-01-14 | 1974-12-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | Corrosion resistant steels having improved weldability |
| US3991930A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1976-11-16 | Fagersta Ab | Method for producing a multi-layer metal strip and metal strip produced according to said method |
| US4091147A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1978-05-23 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Welded steel products having low sensitivity to weld cracking and a production method thereof |
| US4236939A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-12-02 | Inland Steel Company | Semi-finished steel article and method for producing same |
| US4247326A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-01-27 | Inland Steel Company | Free machining steel with bismuth |
| US4255187A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-03-10 | Inland Steel Company | Bismuth-containing steel |
| US4255188A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-03-10 | Inland Steel Company | Free machining steel with bismuth and manganese sulfide |
| US4279646A (en) * | 1978-12-25 | 1981-07-21 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Free cutting steel containing sulfide inclusion particles with controlled aspect, size and distribution |
| US20100192895A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2010-08-05 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbhburgermeister-Schmidt- Strasse 17 | Steel Material Having a High Silicon Content for Producing Piston Rings and Cylinder Sleeves |
| JP2015190058A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-02 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 炭素鋼鋳片及び炭素鋼鋳片の製造方法 |
| US10400320B2 (en) | 2015-05-15 | 2019-09-03 | Nucor Corporation | Lead free steel and method of manufacturing |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019203463A1 (de) | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines innendruckbeaufschlagten Bauteils |
-
1970
- 1970-10-19 US US82090A patent/US3679400A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-10-18 CA CA125,411A patent/CA949778A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-10-18 GB GB4826471A patent/GB1338107A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-10-19 DE DE19712152013 patent/DE2152013A1/de active Pending
- 1971-10-19 FR FR717137421A patent/FR2111703B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3853544A (en) * | 1970-01-14 | 1974-12-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | Corrosion resistant steels having improved weldability |
| US3991930A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1976-11-16 | Fagersta Ab | Method for producing a multi-layer metal strip and metal strip produced according to said method |
| US4091147A (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1978-05-23 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Welded steel products having low sensitivity to weld cracking and a production method thereof |
| US4279646A (en) * | 1978-12-25 | 1981-07-21 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Free cutting steel containing sulfide inclusion particles with controlled aspect, size and distribution |
| US4236939A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-12-02 | Inland Steel Company | Semi-finished steel article and method for producing same |
| US4255188A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-03-10 | Inland Steel Company | Free machining steel with bismuth and manganese sulfide |
| US4255187A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-03-10 | Inland Steel Company | Bismuth-containing steel |
| US4247326A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-01-27 | Inland Steel Company | Free machining steel with bismuth |
| US20100192895A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2010-08-05 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbhburgermeister-Schmidt- Strasse 17 | Steel Material Having a High Silicon Content for Producing Piston Rings and Cylinder Sleeves |
| US8241559B2 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2012-08-14 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Steel material having a high silicon content for producing piston rings and cylinder sleeves |
| JP2015190058A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-02 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 炭素鋼鋳片及び炭素鋼鋳片の製造方法 |
| US10400320B2 (en) | 2015-05-15 | 2019-09-03 | Nucor Corporation | Lead free steel and method of manufacturing |
| US11697867B2 (en) | 2015-05-15 | 2023-07-11 | Nucor Corporation | Lead free steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA949778A (en) | 1974-06-25 |
| DE2152013A1 (de) | 1972-04-20 |
| GB1338107A (en) | 1973-11-21 |
| FR2111703B1 (OSRAM) | 1973-06-29 |
| FR2111703A1 (OSRAM) | 1972-06-09 |
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