US3678A - Waterman b - Google Patents

Description

FFI@ J1 WATERMAN B. PALMER, OF BROOKFIELD, NEW YORK.

' SETTING SAW-LOGS.

VSpecfcaton of Letters `Patent No. 3,678, datedJulyZa, 1844.

following is a full and exact description of the construction and operation of thefsame, reference being had to the annexed drawings, in which- Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 are perspective views of different parts of my said invention andv Fig. 1 of the entire machine. y

I construct my log carriage, movable dogs and ways` in` any of the known forms or in:

any of the forms hereinafter fully described and explained, and I apply to them the following described machinery to wit C, C, (Fig. 1,) represents the sides of a common log carriage and E, E, the end pieces; I-I, the head block, and T, the tail block. rIhe head and tail blocks are blocks which lie across the log carriage for thepurpose of holding the log. The head block` supports that end of the log at which the saw is placed before it starts into the log, and the tail block the opposite end. The head black slides upon the side pieces of the log carriage, to accommodate logs of different length while the tail block is made stationary, near one end of the same.

0, C), Fig. 1, are the slits into which the saw passes. It passes into the* slit on the head block that it may clear the end of the log,and into the tail block slit soas not to leave a stub short. i

Thus far I have described only what is common to all saw mills. I now proceed to describe the construction and arrangement of the machinery which I use and which with the several? variations of it hereinafter fully described and explained constitutes my invention and improvement.

S, (Fig. 1,) is a long shaft extending from its termination at the outside of the tail block, nearly or entirely the whole length i of the log carriage, or to any required distance in that direction. This shaft isat- -tached to the under side of the tail block T, (Fig. 1,) with a common box and hanger. The use of this shaft is to move the dog upon the tail block, while standing atA thev lever A, (Fig. l) and consequently the log ormaterlal to be sawed, to which such dog is attached. Fig. a, is intended to represent i the raclsfand spur pinions, rolling boxes,

upright shafts, "bevel `wheels and bevel pin-1 ions inl both the head and tail blocks, these i several parts, together with their` relativew situation andf` arrangement, being precise-ly the same in both thehead and tail block. Upon the tail block end of thelog shaft S,

Fig. 1, is a small bevel? pinion represented by A, (Fig. 4)which acts by meansof its cogs upon the large bevel wheel' N, (Fig. 1) lyingunder the tailblock, T (Fig. l). Im-

mediately under the head block II, (Fig: 1f) 1s another largebevel wheel represented at..

B, (Fig. a) which is acted uponby the cogs of the small bevelV pinion P, (Fig. These two large bevel wheels hang suspenjdt ed one under theheadblock` H, (Fig. 1) and the other under the tail block Il, (Fig. 1l) and each upon the lower? endV or extremity of an upright shaft E, (Fig. 4) which shafts extend up, one through the headl block and the other through the tail bloclnin a line, at right angles with the line` of the long shaft S, (F l). `The upper end of each of the upright shafts here described is accommodatedwith a small spur pinion C, (Fig. 4L). That on the upright shaft in the head block is also shown by letter (P, Fig. l). Each` of these upright shafts is adjusted in a rolling box, Fig. 3, at its lower end-, anda sliding box, G, (Fig. 4s) at its upper end in such al manner as to` allowthem to turn a given distance on the journals of the rolling` (Fig. 3) and II (Fig. 3), the hole through which the upright shaft'E (Fig. et) passes.

The sliding boxes are each a flat and long plate, with a hole iny one of the ends, suflicient to allow the upper end` of the upright shafts to pass through it. lIhese sliding boxes lie in a `horizontal position and are each accommodated with an upright lever L, L, (Fig. 1) and H for the purpose of moving `the sliding boxes forward and backward, in thel direction admitted by the journals ofi the rolling boxes. The sliding-boxes are placed on the upright shafts either immediately above orbelow theL spur pinions and are mortised,` one intothe head blocliiH, (Fig. l) andi the other'into the taily the action ofits lower end against the sides of the mortise under the sliding bo-x. R, R, (Fig. 1,) are two racks fitted with perpendicular cogs, which are acted upon, one by the cogs of the spur pinion P, (Fig. 1) in the head block, and the other rack by the Ycogs of the correspondingspur pinion in the Y ltail block.

These racks'and pinions are alike in the head and tail blocks, and are represented by R and C, (Fig. 4).v rlhe racks R, R, Fig. 1, areplaced in the grooves -G, G, (Fig. 1) which are cut, one out of the top of the head block and the other out of the top of the tail block. The spaces between the racks and grooves are covered over with plates, fastened one to the head and the other to the tail block, in such a manner that the edges of these plates lieV ,against the shoulders M, (Fig. 4) in the rabi bets F (Fig. 4) of the racks.

W, W, W, WV, (Fig. 1) are the ways, on which are placed the sliding blocks B, B, (Fig.l 1.) The sliding blocks B, B, are grooved at each end, to allow them Vto pass on to the tongues o-f the ways, and are made fast to the racks R, R, (Fig. 1) by strong bolts or rivets.

D, D, (Fig. 1) are the old-fashioned bail dogs, which are attached to the sliding blocks B, B, (Fig. 1) by means of bolts upon which they turn.

I (Fig. 1) is a hanger which incidentally holds the long shaft S, (Fig. 1) Vin its proper' situation under the head block H (Fig. 1).

Q (Fig. 1) is a box, to hold which is the main purpose of the hanger I.

Fig. 2 represents the lever A, (Fig. 1) and its appendages detached from the rest of the machine, and Fig. 5 the lever A, (Fig. 1,) and its appendages, detached from each other.

Y H, H, (Figs. 1, 2 and `5) are two small hands placed on studs or pins (n, Fig. 5) standing out. from the sides of the lever A, (Fig. 1) and L, (Figs. 2 and 5) through which hand power is communicated from the'lever A, to the index or ratchet wheels K, VW, (Figs. 1, 2, and 5) or to either of them as occasion may require. These hands are each fitted with a small spring S (Fig. 2) and m, m, (Fig. 5) on opposite sides of the lever A, (Fig. 1) and L, (Figs. 2 and 5). Although these springs incidentally keep the hands H, H, from slipping off' from the studs or pins, yet the main design o-f them is to disallow the hands H, H, from acting upon the index or ratchet wheels K, W. The index or ratchet wheel K, (Figs. 1, 2 and 5,) is attached to the end of a cylindrical tiibe A, (Fig. 5,) the outside surface of which is accurately fitted to the inside surface of another cylindrical tube B, (Fig. 5,) into which it passes and within which it revolves when required. The ratchet wheel 7, (Figs. 1, 2 and 5,) is attached to one end of the external cylindrical tube B, (Fig. 5) and the` bevel pinion P, (Figs. 2 and 5) is attached to the. other end of it and revolves with it. The lever A, (Fig. 1) and L, (Figs, 2 and 5) forms its axis or fulcrum around the internal cylindrical tube A, (Fig. 5) and lies immediately between the index or ratchet wheels K, W, (Figs. 1, 2 and 5). rFhe internal cylindrical tube A, (Fig. 5), to one end of which the ratchet wheel K, (Figs. 1, 2 and 5) is attached, is maintained in its. proper position within the external cylindrical tube B, (Fig. 5) by means of a small collar or ring R, (Fig. 5) which is made fast to the inside end of the internal cylindrical tube itself.

A, (Fig. 2) is a square hole through the center of the internal cylindrical tube of suiiicient size to admit the Vlong shaft S, (Figs. 1 and 5,) accurately to pass through it. The internal cylindrical tube A, (Fig. 5) slides upon the long shaft S, (Figs. 1 and whenever the head block H, (Fig. 1) is moved.

B (Fig. 2) is the smooth and even surface of the outside of the external cylindrical tube B, (Fig. 5,) between the bevel pinion P, (Figs. 2 and 5) and the index or ratchet wheel 7, (Figs. 1, 2, and 5). This portion of the external cylindrical tube forms a bearing which revolves in the box Q (Fig. 1). Vihen the parts of the machine, represented by Figs. 2 aid. 5, are in their relative and' proper posit-ions in the machine, the long shaft S, (Fig. 1,) passes through the hole A, (Fig. 2) in the internal cylindrical tube and the cogs ofthe bevel pinion P, (Figs. 2 and 5,) are in contact with those of the large bevel wheel represented at B, 4) and lying immediately under Vthe head block H, (Fig. 1).

The object of the combination of the lever L (Fig. 2) with the hands H, H, (Figs. 1, 2 and 5) ratchet wheels K, lW, (Figs. 1, 2 and 5,) springs and cylindrical tubes above mentioned is to O'ive perfect control over the log to be sawed preparatory to, and during the process of sawing and to enable one without leaving his position at the lever A (Fig. 1) to move either of the dogs D, D (Fig. 1) alternately, or both together, in any direction allowed by the racks and spurA pinions in the head and tail blocks, and consequently, to move the entire log, into which the dogs D, D, fasten, or to move either end of it in a like direction at pleasure.

By connecting one of the hands H (Figs. 1 and 2) with the ratchet wheel K, (Figs. 1 and 2) the other hand being suspended in.

the spring the action of the lever A, (Fig. 1) moves only the tail end of the log, and by connecting one of the hands H with the ratchet wheel W, (Figs. 1 and 2), the other hand being suspended in the spring, the action of the lever A, (Fig. 1) moves only the head of the lo-g, and by connecting both of the hands with the ratchet wheels, on the same side of the lever, the lever moves both ends of the log in the same direction.

The objectief the arrangement of the up-l right shafts hereinbefore described, by whichthey can be moved in a certain manner, is, that the spur pinions on the upper ends of these shafts, as shown in Fig. 4, may be thrown out of gear from the racks, (into which they act by means of cogs as hereinbefore described) as often as convenience may require.

I now proceed to describe and fully explain the various modes in which I have contemplated the application of the lever L (Fig. 2) hands H, H, index or ratchet wheels K, IV, springs and cylindrical tubes hereinbefore mentioned, arranged and combined as hereinbefo-re described, and which combination and arrangement and the ap plication thereof to the purposes aforesaid constitutes mainly my invention` land improvement.

The first variation consists in merely lengthening out the racks R, It, (Fig. l) and by this means throwing the long shaft S, (Fig. 1,) on to the other side of the saw with its accompanying gearing and shafts, and in short all the gearings and shafts must of necessity in this case be removed to the other side of the saw. With this arrangement, instead of using the perpendicular levers L L, (Fig. `1) I extend the upright shafts themselves up through the head and tail blocks H and T, (Fig. 1,) far enough for their upper ends to form handles or levers.

The second variation consists in converting the machine hereinabove described with the first variation into left handed machines. left handed machine is one where the log lies on the other side of thesaw and moves toward it in a direction opposite to that in which it moves in the machine hereinbefore described and in the aforesaid variation thereof. To convert the machine and its variation aforesaid into a left handedmachine I put the machinery on to the other ends of the head and tail block, H, and T, (Fig. 1) and fasten the sliding blocks B, B, (Fig. 1,) to the other ends o-f the racks B, R, (Fig. 1) and change the dog, D, (Fig. 1) which is on the head block H, (Fig. 1,) on to the tail block T, (Fig. 1,) and vice versa.

Another variation which Ihave contemplated is as follows to wit: Instead of using the fiat plates which lie toward the center of the log carriage. To form grooves in the other ends of the blocks B, B, (Fig. 1)

VI elevate the racks It, R, in their centers through their entire length on their upper sides and this forms what is called a rabbet. I then fasten the outside ends of the sliding blocks B, B, (Fig. 1,) on to the elevation of the racks, and in this manner grooves are formed to receive the edges of the iat ways. The other arrangements of the machinery on the head block I-I, (Fig. 1,) I make after either o-r any of the modes herein above described, according to the form I wish to give the machine. But on the tail block T, (Fig. 1) I make the following changes to wit: I change ends and sides of the rack R, (Fig. 1) which brings its cogs standing or projecting toward the outside of the machine, and this of course changes the positions of both the spur pinion which gears into the rack, and the bevel pinion which gears into the large bevel wheel N, (Fig. 1) lying immediately under the tail block T, (Fig. 1,) the spur pinion being thrown on to the outside of the rack R, and the bevel pinion which is attached to the end of the long shaft S, (Fig. 1) on to the inside edge of the large bevel wheel n, (Fig. 1).

Another variation which I have co-ntemplated is as follows to witz- Instead of using racks and pinions to move the dogs D, D, (Figs. 1) I use screws placed on the tops of the head and tail blocks H, and T, (Fig. 1). The sliding blocks, correspond ing with B, B, (Fig. 1,) to which the dogs are attached I place on any of the known forms of ways or on any of the forms herein abo-ve described. These sliding blocks are attached to opening nuts, which nuts have threads exactly corresponding with the threads of the screws. The .screws are made stationary by boxes at each end, and the nuts run upon them, carrying along the sliding blocks B, B, (Fig. 1). Uponthe screws I make any number of threads to the inch, but have found that a double threaded screw constructed so that it will move along the sliding block with each entire revolution exactly two inches is perhaps the most convenient form. The screw upon `the head block I make with a hole `through its center lengthwise, and something longerthan the one on the tail block. These screws of course I place transversely with the sliding blocks B, B, and lengthwise of the head and tail blocks. Throughy the hole in the center of the head block screws I pass a shaft. The bearings of this shaft are fitted to each end of the screw, or in other words the boxes of the shaft are formed by the hole in the screw. This shaft is longer than the screw through which it passes and stands out at each of its ends. At the right hand end just far enough to put o-n a large bevel wheel, and at the other end far enough to put on a lever and index or ratchet wheel. The lever lying up close to the end of the screw, and the index or ratchet wheel close to the lever. Upon the end of the screw against which the lever lies, is made fast another index or ratchet wheel precisely in all respects like the one which is made fast to the shaft outside of the lever.

The arrangement. and combination of the lever which I am now describing is precisely like the one herein above described and represented by Fig. 2 and produces precisely the same effects. It lies immediately between the index or ratchet wheels, forms its axis or fulcrum around the shaft which passes through the hollow screw and has a small hand upon each of its sides arranged with springs to act upon the index or ratchet wheels. On the tail block I place a screw, corresponding' in its threads with the hollow screw on the head block. This screw is attached to the sliding block B, with an opening nut, is not hollow but has fastened to its right hand end a large bevel wheel precisely agreeing with the large bevel wheel above described as being attached to the end of the shaft which passes through the hollow screw. I now place a long shaft along the whole length of the log carriage and across the tops of the right hand ends of the head and tail blocks. On the head block I fasten by means of a box a small revolving bevel pinion with a hole through its center which admits the long shaft to pass through it in such a manner that the revolutions o-f the small bevelpinion causes the long shaft to revolve also. This small bevel pinion slides on the long shaft and is acted upon by the cogs of the large bevel wheel which is fastened to the end of the shaft passing through the hollow screw. On the end of this long shaft, which is attached to the tail block, by means of a box, in which it turns, I fasten another small bevel pinion of equal size with the revolving pinion upon the head block, which acts, through its cogs, on the large bevel wheel attached to the end of the tail block screw. To convert this screw form of the machine into a left handed machine, I make screws with left handed threads and put them with the rest of the machinery on to the opposite ends of the head and tail blocks.

For the proportion of all the bevel wheels l to be sawed, but I prefer that number of teeth which shall represent. one eighth.

To operate my machine I stand by the lever L (Fig. 2) and move it in the direction required, which causes the small hands I-I, I-I, (Fig. 2) to act upon the index, or ratchet wheels K, W, (Fig. 2). When I devsire to saw lumber of even thickness, I let both of the hands I-I. H, act upon the index or ratchet wheels K, W, and this moves both ends of the log exactly alike; but when I wish to saw lumber tapering I let both of the hands act until the log is brought up to the thickness of the thinnest end and then I catch up one of the hands under the springon the side of the lever L, Fig. 2 and move along the end required, or I operate the lever L, and the hands in any other manner which will accomplish this result. If I wish to throw one end o-f the log one way and the other end the other way, I do it by letting one hand fall upon the index or ratchet wheel on one side of the lever and bringing the other hand down upon the ratchet wheel on the opposite side of the lever. And by means of this machine I am enabled to do whatever is desirable with the log without loosening it from the dogs- What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- The combination, arrangement and appli- Y cation of the lever L (Fig. 2), movable hands I-I, II, (Fig. 2) ratchet wheels K, W, Fig. 2, springs and cylindrical tubes Figs. 2 and 5 as hereinbefore described fory the purpose of moving, adjusting and control.- ling the log, timber or other material to be sawed, preparatory to and during the process of sawing together with the combinations and arrangements of the aforesaid lever L, (Fig. 2) hands, ratchet wheels, springs and cylindrical tubes, with the long shaft S, (Fig. l). bevel pinions, bevel wheels, spur pinions and racks, in the manner hereinbefore particularly set forth, speciiied, and described.

WATERMAN B. PALMER. fitnesses Y G. W. I-IoToHKIss, SAMUEL SANDERS.

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