US3668928A - Non-destructive hardness, testing of articles such as cigarettes - Google Patents

Non-destructive hardness, testing of articles such as cigarettes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3668928A
US3668928A US37272A US3668928DA US3668928A US 3668928 A US3668928 A US 3668928A US 37272 A US37272 A US 37272A US 3668928D A US3668928D A US 3668928DA US 3668928 A US3668928 A US 3668928A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
article
space
chamber
suction
cigarette
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US37272A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mauritz Leon Strydom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tobacco Res & Dev
TOBACCO RESEARCH AND DEV INST Ltd
Original Assignee
Tobacco Res & Dev
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tobacco Res & Dev filed Critical Tobacco Res & Dev
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3668928A publication Critical patent/US3668928A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A24C5/3418—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by pneumatic means

Definitions

  • the applicant now proposes a method and apparatus which does not rely on liquid pressure or on the measurement of a small volume of gas expelled from a cigarette.
  • a method according to the invention comprises applying a first pressure to the outer covering and recording that pres sure; establishing and recording the diameter of the article at the first pressure as a first diameter; pneumatically compressing the article at a second pressure higher than the first pressure and recording the second pressure;
  • the heart of the unit consists of a series of rings 4 adapted to surround a cigarette 3. Alternate sides of the rings 4 are connected to a chamber 2 and to a chamber 25 which is at atmospheric pressure through a port 26.
  • the cigarette is held in position by means of a thin rubber tube 24 which is stretched to such an extent that its inside diameter is smaller than that of the cigarette 3.
  • a plug 5 seals the cigarette 3 from atmosphere and at the other side a tube 6 connects the inside of the cigarette 3 to a suction system.
  • the chamber 2 is connected to a vacuum pump 12 through a critical flow orifice l0 and a shut-off valve 11.
  • the vacuum pump 12 provides suction of at least 0.6 Kp/cm.
  • a transducer 7 measures pressure in the chamber 2 which is a function of the diameter of the cigarette 3.
  • a transducer 8 measures the suction applied to the cigarette. Transducers 7 and 8 can be sampled by a scanner/digital voltmeter 9.
  • each of the rings 4 forms such an annulus. Since there are several rings 4 (four in the illustrated embodiment) the pressure reading in the chamber 2 is a measure of the diameter of the tube 24 as averaged over those several diameters that are surrounded by the rings 4.
  • Shut-oil valves 14 and 15 connect the cigarette interior to suction chambers and 21. Suction in chambers 20 and 21 is maintained at approximately -0.l and 0.4 Kp/cm respectively by means of control valves 17 and l8.
  • test sequence is as follows:
  • D! and D2 are taken at pressure above a PO which is equal to the pressure exerted by the tobacco on the paper wall.
  • hardnessll-P may be computed by utilising the formula:
  • the tube 24 is not essential for a measure of hardness to be obtained. However, if the tube 24 be not used, the porodty of the cigarette paper will afl'ect the measurements and these will have to be adjusted accordingly. In view of the absence of these adjustments when a tube is used, it is preferred to use the apparatus with the tube 24.
  • Apparatus for testing a cylindrical article such as a cigarette comprising a filling material and an outer covering comprising:
  • a chamber surrounding the article and at least one ring the chamber dividing the chamber into two compartments, the ring surrounding the article with an annular gap between it and the article;
  • the apparatus claimed in claim 1 including a gee-imperviour sheath for clrcumferentlally enclosing the article the gap being between the ring and the sheath.
  • a chamber having two end walls connected by side walls an opening in the side walls a shut off valve for controlling the opening regiltering borer in the end walls means for applying suction to the first space in the chamber; Mr M 7 W m. means for applying suction to the second space in the chamber; a critical flow orifice connected between the latter suction means and the second space meansformeasuringthepressureinthesecondapacemnd means for measuring the suction applied to the other end of the tube.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
US37272A 1969-05-16 1970-05-14 Non-destructive hardness, testing of articles such as cigarettes Expired - Lifetime US3668928A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA693457 1969-05-16
ZA697259 1969-10-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3668928A true US3668928A (en) 1972-06-13

Family

ID=27130993

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US37272A Expired - Lifetime US3668928A (en) 1969-05-16 1970-05-14 Non-destructive hardness, testing of articles such as cigarettes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3668928A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5018079B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2048437A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1296788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955406A (en) * 1973-06-12 1976-05-11 Tobacco Research And Development Institute Limited Non-destructive hardness testing of articles such as cigarettes
US4306445A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-12-22 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Apparatus for testing groups of cigarettes or like rod-shaped articles
US4341109A (en) * 1980-07-07 1982-07-27 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for determining cigarette filter rod pressure drop
US4543816A (en) * 1983-04-30 1985-10-01 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. K.G. Method and apparatus for monitoring the diameters of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry
US4596134A (en) * 1985-06-03 1986-06-24 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for simulating smoking through cigarette filter tips to determine percentage of collapse
US4660411A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-04-28 Reid Philip L Apparatus for measuring transmission of volatile substances through films
US5081863A (en) * 1985-05-31 1992-01-21 Modern Controls, Inc. Apparatus for measuring transmission of volatile substances through films
US5372030A (en) * 1993-09-15 1994-12-13 The University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Non-destructive firmness measuring device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976718A (en) * 1956-03-09 1961-03-28 Sheffield Corp Gaging apparatus for dimensions and the like
US3115772A (en) * 1958-11-04 1963-12-31 Philip Morris Inc Apparatus and method for measuring the compressibility of deformable objects
US3438250A (en) * 1965-03-26 1969-04-15 Seita Process and device for measuring the compactness of compressible bodies and especially of cigarettes
US3559466A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-02-02 Liggett & Myers Inc Direct readout deflection meter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976718A (en) * 1956-03-09 1961-03-28 Sheffield Corp Gaging apparatus for dimensions and the like
US3115772A (en) * 1958-11-04 1963-12-31 Philip Morris Inc Apparatus and method for measuring the compressibility of deformable objects
US3438250A (en) * 1965-03-26 1969-04-15 Seita Process and device for measuring the compactness of compressible bodies and especially of cigarettes
US3559466A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-02-02 Liggett & Myers Inc Direct readout deflection meter

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955406A (en) * 1973-06-12 1976-05-11 Tobacco Research And Development Institute Limited Non-destructive hardness testing of articles such as cigarettes
US4306445A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-12-22 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Apparatus for testing groups of cigarettes or like rod-shaped articles
US4341109A (en) * 1980-07-07 1982-07-27 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for determining cigarette filter rod pressure drop
US4543816A (en) * 1983-04-30 1985-10-01 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. K.G. Method and apparatus for monitoring the diameters of rod-shaped products of the tobacco processing industry
US4660411A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-04-28 Reid Philip L Apparatus for measuring transmission of volatile substances through films
US5081863A (en) * 1985-05-31 1992-01-21 Modern Controls, Inc. Apparatus for measuring transmission of volatile substances through films
US4596134A (en) * 1985-06-03 1986-06-24 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for simulating smoking through cigarette filter tips to determine percentage of collapse
US5372030A (en) * 1993-09-15 1994-12-13 The University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Non-destructive firmness measuring device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2048437A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-19
DE2023457B2 (de) 1976-07-01
GB1296788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-15
JPS5018079B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-26
DE2023457A1 (de) 1970-11-19

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