US3668599A - Electrical resistance element - Google Patents
Electrical resistance element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3668599A US3668599A US72454A US3668599DA US3668599A US 3668599 A US3668599 A US 3668599A US 72454 A US72454 A US 72454A US 3668599D A US3668599D A US 3668599DA US 3668599 A US3668599 A US 3668599A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rods
- resistance element
- electrical resistance
- pairs
- array
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910020968 MoSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/688—Fabrication of the plates
Definitions
- Electrical resistance elements particularly intended for translucent cooking plates have been previously proposed, comprising resistance conductors of a material brittle in cold condition, e.g., the material sold under the registered trade mark KANTHAL Super. Said material consists essentially of molybdenum disilicide.
- Said material consists essentially of molybdenum disilicide.
- spirals, meanders or other shapes have been used in which a long, rather thin wire of said material has been shaped in heated condition to a disc-like element.
- the disc-like resistance element has been placed on a fire resistant support, such as a mineral fiber plate.
- a fire resistant support such as a mineral fiber plate.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical resistance element in which said problems have been avoided and for this purpose the resistance element according to theinvention is characterized in that the resistance conductor consists of a plurality of substantially straight elements disposed in a common plane and connected in series by having their ends connected to each other in pairs at staggered positions on respective ends of the element to form a resistance conductor of the required length.
- the resistance element consists I of'a plurality of substantially straight parallel element rods connected in series by having their ends connected in pairs at one end and,'at the other end, in pairs staggered with respect
- the element rods 10 are connected elastically or resiliently to a rigid support, which in this case consists to thepairs on the first end so as to form a resistance conduc- 1 tor of the required length.
- the ends of the element rods are connected with each other by means of a flame sprayed layer 11 of MoSiAl or Mosi for example,
- the element rods 10 are interconnected mechanically, but not electrically by means of two transverse bars l2, e.g., ofAl O
- the two transverse bars 12' also resilient connect the element rods 10 to a rigid sup-' port,in this case a frame 13 enclosing the element and consisting of A1 0
- the ends of the two outermost rods are connected to rather thick lead-in wires 14, 15 of metal, said leadin, wires being connected with the ends of the element rods by means of flame sprayed layers of Mosi for instance.
- the-element rods 10 are arranged in a parallel and rather closely spaced array. in most cases this arrangement will be preferable, but it is also possible to arrange the essentially straight element rods in some other configuration to form a plate. Further, all the element rods are interconnected in that the ends of pairs of adjacent rods 10 are connected with each other and with the ends of adjacent rods,
- connection in such a way that on each separate occasion only a portion of the disc-like element is switched on and the connection may also be made such that when using three-phase current the element is operated either in Y-connection or in A-connection.
- all the element rods 10 are equal length so that a square resistance element (as seen in top view) is obtained.
- rods with a length progressively increasing from one side of the element towards the middle and then progressively decreasing so that the shape of the element plate as'a whole is approximately circular, as seen from above.
- the connecting layers 11' which are staggered from one end to the other are created by masking spaces 16 between the rod ends, when flame spraying.
- connection has been provided by extending the sprayed-on thin cross connections 12 between the element rods to the enclosing frame.
- rigid support such as a supporting plate which may also be designed as a reflector, if required.
- the lead-in wires 14, 15 may be drawn through the frame at one side of the element.
- the intention is that it should be possible to place the element under a glass plate at an appropriate distance therefrom, in which case no separate support or bottom insulation under the cooking plate is required.
- an element according to the invention may have the outside dimensions 150 X 200 X 2 mm, and the resistance element rods may have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
- the cross connection material is chosen such that the material does not react with the resistance material of the element rods, and further the cross connections must be such that the element'is sufficiently resistant to high temperatures so that it does not become deformed when used.
- the element rods consist of molybdenum disilicide, as is particularly preferred according to the invention, it is advisable to use aluminum oxide for the sprayed-on cross connection beads, as the aluminum oxide does not react with the resistance material mentioned.
- the individual element rods 10 can, to a considerable extent, move freely at variations in temperature. i-lowever,also in cold condition the element is surprisingly insensitive to impacts which is probably due to the fact that-the element is flat andthin so that it becomes surprisingly elastic.
- Anelectrical resistance element comprising:
- said spaced array of said rods includes a plurality of substantially straight mutually parallel element rods connected in series by having their first ends connected in pairs and their other ends connected in pairs staggered by one rod with respect to the pairs at said first ends.
- said resilient support means includes two spaced parallel resilient cross bars supporting all of said rods at symmetrical positions spaced from the ends of said rod, approxiflame sprayed layer of a material including molybenum disilicide.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
An electrical resistance element formed of an array of parallel MoSi2 rods coupled in series by connecting adjacent rod ends together in pairs at one end of the array and at the other end connecting adjacent rod ends together in pairs staggered with respect to those at the first end. The connection is made by means of a flame-sprayed layer of MoSiAl or MoSi2 and the array is supported by an elastic cross bar in a ceramic frame.
Description
United States Patent [151 3,668,599
Schrewelius. 1 June 6, 1972 [54] ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ELEMENT 737,689 9/1903 Win ..33s 2s9 1,657,507 1/1928 Keene... ..338/295 [72] Inventor. lSQilsdGustav Schrewelius, Hallstahammar, 1,719,179 7/1929 Haydenm" "338,3 1 8 x we 1,861,434 6/1932 'CampbelL. .....338/318 x 73 Assignee; Akfiebolgge' m Hansgahammar, 2,992,959 7/1961 Schrewelius. .....338/330 X Sweden I 3,144,545 8/1964 Shrimplin ..219/532 X 1 3,321,727 5/1967 Schrewelius ..338/330 [22] Filed: Sept. 15, 1970 v [21] APPL No; 72,454 Primary Examiner-E. A. Goldberg Anorney--Brumbaugh, Graves, Donohue & Raymond [30] Foreign Application Priority beta I l t [57] ABSTRACT Sept. 16, 1969 Sweden 12710/69 A le tri l re i tance element formed of an array of parallel MoSi rods coupled in series by connecting adjacent rod ends [52] U.S. Cl. ..338/289, 338/318, 219/532 together in pairs at one end of the array and at the other end [51] Int. CL... H010 1/02 connecting adjacent rod ends together in pairs staggered with [58] Field of Search ..338/295, 289, 318, 330, 332, respect to those at the first end. The connection is made by 338/315, 316, 317, 319, 320; 219/532 means of a flame-sprayed layer of MoSiAl or MoSi and the array is supported by an elastic cross bar in a ceramic frame. [56] References Cited v UNITED STATESPATENTS v I 5 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 497,795 5/1893 Jenkins ......338 /295 i 4 l ELEc'rRrcAL RESISTANCE ELEMENT .The present invention relates to an electrical resistance element of the kind having a resistance conductor of a material brittle in cold condition, particularly molybdenum disilicide.
Electrical resistance elements, particularly intended for translucent cooking plates have been previously proposed, comprising resistance conductors of a material brittle in cold condition, e.g., the material sold under the registered trade mark KANTHAL Super. Said material consists essentially of molybdenum disilicide. In these known elements spirals, meanders or other shapes have been used in which a long, rather thin wire of said material has been shaped in heated condition to a disc-like element. The disc-like resistance element has been placed on a fire resistant support, such as a mineral fiber plate. However, it has been found that the support hascaused corrosive attacks on the resistance material, and particularly the shaping, the transportation and the mounting of the disc-like resistance elements have involved great problems. i
. The object of the present invention is to provide an electrical resistance element in which said problems have been avoided and for this purpose the resistance element according to theinvention is characterized in that the resistance conductor consists of a plurality of substantially straight elements disposed in a common plane and connected in series by having their ends connected to each other in pairs at staggered positions on respective ends of the element to form a resistance conductor of the required length.
; .The invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a top view of a resistance element chosen as anexample only. g
'In the embodiment shown,'the resistance element consists I of'a plurality of substantially straight parallel element rods connected in series by having their ends connected in pairs at one end and,'at the other end, in pairs staggered with respect In the example, the element rods 10 are connected elastically or resiliently to a rigid support, which in this case consists to thepairs on the first end so as to form a resistance conduc- 1 tor of the required length. The ends of the element rods are connected with each other by means of a flame sprayed layer 11 of MoSiAl or Mosi for example, The element rods 10 are interconnected mechanically, but not electrically by means of two transverse bars l2, e.g., ofAl O The two transverse bars 12'also resilient connect the element rods 10 to a rigid sup-' port,in this case a frame 13 enclosing the element and consisting of A1 0 The ends of the two outermost rods are connected to rather thick lead-in wires 14, 15 of metal, said leadin, wires being connected with the ends of the element rods by means of flame sprayed layers of Mosi for instance.
K In the example shown, the-element rods 10 are arranged in a parallel and rather closely spaced array. in most cases this arrangement will be preferable, but it is also possible to arrange the essentially straight element rods in some other configuration to form a plate. Further, all the element rods are interconnected in that the ends of pairs of adjacent rods 10 are connected with each other and with the ends of adjacent rods,
respectively, in such a way that the element rods connected in series fonn a continuous resistance conductor. Of course, it is also possible to make the connection in such a way that on each separate occasion only a portion of the disc-like element is switched on and the connection may also be made such that when using three-phase current the element is operated either in Y-connection or in A-connection.
In the embodiment shown, all the element rods 10 are equal length so that a square resistance element (as seen in top view) is obtained. However, for some practical applications it will of course be possible to chose rods with a length progressively increasing from one side of the element towards the middle and then progressively decreasing so that the shape of the element plate as'a whole is approximately circular, as seen from above. i
in the example, the connecting layers 11' which are staggered from one end to the other are created by masking spaces 16 between the rod ends, when flame spraying.
of a frame 13 of, e.g., Al o -ceramics enclosing the element. In this case, the connection has been provided by extending the sprayed-on thin cross connections 12 between the element rods to the enclosing frame. Of course, it is also possible to use some other kind of rigid support, such as a supporting plate which may also be designed as a reflector, if required.
As in the example shown, the lead-in wires 14, 15 may be drawn through the frame at one side of the element. However, it is equally well possible to draw the lead-in wires through the bottom of a plate-shaped support, for instance, and to supplement said plate-shaped support by a translucent casing, for example, of some suitable material so that the unit thus formed is useful as a cooking plate of approximately the conventional kind. In the embodiment shown, the intention is that it should be possible to place the element under a glass plate at an appropriate distance therefrom, in which case no separate support or bottom insulation under the cooking plate is required.
Conveniently, an element according to the invention may have the outside dimensions 150 X 200 X 2 mm, and the resistance element rods may have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
Of course, the cross connection material is chosen such that the material does not react with the resistance material of the element rods, and further the cross connections must be such that the element'is sufficiently resistant to high temperatures so that it does not become deformed when used. In case the element rods consist of molybdenum disilicide, as is particularly preferred according to the invention, it is advisable to use aluminum oxide for the sprayed-on cross connection beads, as the aluminum oxide does not react with the resistance material mentioned. Owing to the design of the element,'the individual element rods 10 can, to a considerable extent, move freely at variations in temperature. i-lowever,also in cold condition the element is surprisingly insensitive to impacts which is probably due to the fact that-the element is flat andthin so that it becomes surprisingly elastic.
It should be apparent that the costs of manufacture for elements of the kind now proposed become very low, as all the steps in the production of the element can be automatized.
A great many modifications and alterations of details are possible within the scope of the inventive idea.
What is claimed is:
l. Anelectrical resistance element, comprising:
a plurality of elongated resistance rods formed of a resistance material which is brittle in cold condition;
. electrical interconnection means between said rods for connecting said rods in a continuous series circuit; and
- resilient support means for resiliently holding said rods in a spaced array, said support means including a resilient cross bar formed of dielectric material interconnecting all of said rods intermediate the ends thereof.
2. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
frame means surrounding said resistance rods, said resilient cross bar connected at opposite ends thereof to said frame means.
3. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 2, wherein said spaced array of said rods includes a plurality of substantially straight mutually parallel element rods connected in series by having their first ends connected in pairs and their other ends connected in pairs staggered by one rod with respect to the pairs at said first ends.
4. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 3 wherein said resilient support means includes two spaced parallel resilient cross bars supporting all of said rods at symmetrical positions spaced from the ends of said rod, approxiflame sprayed layer of a material including molybenum disilicide.
t in s t s
Claims (4)
- 2. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: frame means surrounding said resistance rods, said resilient cross bar connected at opposite ends thereof to said frame means.
- 3. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 2, wherein said spaced array of said rods includes a plurality of substantially straight mutually parallel element rods connected in series by having their first ends connected in pairs and their other ends connected in pairs staggered by one rod with respect to the pairs at said first ends.
- 4. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 3 wherein said resilient support means includes two spaced parallel resilient cross bars supporting all of said rods at symmetrical positions spaced from the ends of said rod, approximately one-fourth the length thereof.
- 5. An electrical resistance element as claimed in claim 3, wherein said electrical interconnection means comprises a flame sprayed layer of a material including molybenum disilicide.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1271069 | 1969-09-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3668599A true US3668599A (en) | 1972-06-06 |
Family
ID=20296183
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US72454A Expired - Lifetime US3668599A (en) | 1969-09-16 | 1970-09-15 | Electrical resistance element |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3668599A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2045357A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4267435A (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1981-05-12 | The Kanthal Corporation | Electric resistance heating element |
US5420399A (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1995-05-30 | University Of Cincinnati | Electrical heating element, related composites, and composition and method for producing such products using dieless micropyretic synthesis |
US5425496A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1995-06-20 | University Of Cincinnati | Method for joining ceramic and metal-ceramic heating elements to electrical terminals by micropyretic synthesis, compositions for electrical terminals and heaters comprising the same |
WO1995022512A1 (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-24 | University Of Cincinnati | Method for joining ceramic and metal-ceramic heating elements to electrical terminals by micropyretic synthesis, compositions for electrical terminals and heaters comprising the same |
US20040094536A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-05-20 | Hiroshi Takamura | Mosi2 arc-shaped heater, and method and device for manufacturing the heater |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4700051A (en) * | 1984-09-22 | 1987-10-13 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer | Radiant heater for cooking appliances |
CN109321865B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-12-15 | 江苏丰东热技术有限公司 | MoSi formed on surface of titanium alloy2Method for oxidation-resistant coating |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US497795A (en) * | 1893-05-23 | Samuel b | ||
US737689A (en) * | 1902-12-05 | 1903-09-01 | Charles Wirt | Electric heater or rheostat. |
US1657507A (en) * | 1923-07-06 | 1928-01-31 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Connecter |
US1719179A (en) * | 1926-07-19 | 1929-07-02 | Ward Leonard Electric Co | Resistance device |
US1861434A (en) * | 1927-05-04 | 1932-06-07 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Resistance element |
US2992959A (en) * | 1958-02-20 | 1961-07-18 | Kanthal Ab | Production of shaped bodies from heat resistant oxidation proof materials |
US3144545A (en) * | 1962-03-26 | 1964-08-11 | Heated Concrete Products Inc | Heating assembly |
US3321727A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1967-05-23 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant and oxidationproof materials |
-
1970
- 1970-09-14 DE DE19702045357 patent/DE2045357A1/en active Pending
- 1970-09-15 US US72454A patent/US3668599A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US497795A (en) * | 1893-05-23 | Samuel b | ||
US737689A (en) * | 1902-12-05 | 1903-09-01 | Charles Wirt | Electric heater or rheostat. |
US1657507A (en) * | 1923-07-06 | 1928-01-31 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Connecter |
US1719179A (en) * | 1926-07-19 | 1929-07-02 | Ward Leonard Electric Co | Resistance device |
US1861434A (en) * | 1927-05-04 | 1932-06-07 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Resistance element |
US2992959A (en) * | 1958-02-20 | 1961-07-18 | Kanthal Ab | Production of shaped bodies from heat resistant oxidation proof materials |
US3144545A (en) * | 1962-03-26 | 1964-08-11 | Heated Concrete Products Inc | Heating assembly |
US3321727A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1967-05-23 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant and oxidationproof materials |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4267435A (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1981-05-12 | The Kanthal Corporation | Electric resistance heating element |
US5420399A (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1995-05-30 | University Of Cincinnati | Electrical heating element, related composites, and composition and method for producing such products using dieless micropyretic synthesis |
US5425496A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1995-06-20 | University Of Cincinnati | Method for joining ceramic and metal-ceramic heating elements to electrical terminals by micropyretic synthesis, compositions for electrical terminals and heaters comprising the same |
WO1995022512A1 (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-24 | University Of Cincinnati | Method for joining ceramic and metal-ceramic heating elements to electrical terminals by micropyretic synthesis, compositions for electrical terminals and heaters comprising the same |
US20040094536A1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-05-20 | Hiroshi Takamura | Mosi2 arc-shaped heater, and method and device for manufacturing the heater |
US6844532B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2005-01-18 | Nikko Materials Company, Limited | MoSi2 arc-shaped heater, and method and device for manufacturing the heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2045357A1 (en) | 1971-03-25 |
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