US3668415A - Device for supply voltage pulses - Google Patents

Device for supply voltage pulses Download PDF

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Publication number
US3668415A
US3668415A US116006A US3668415DA US3668415A US 3668415 A US3668415 A US 3668415A US 116006 A US116006 A US 116006A US 3668415D A US3668415D A US 3668415DA US 3668415 A US3668415 A US 3668415A
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Prior art keywords
line
outputs
capacitor
characteristic impedance
impedance
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Expired - Lifetime
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US116006A
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English (en)
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Jacques Marilleau
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H03K3/537—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/04—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration
    • H03K5/06—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration by the use of delay lines or other analogue delay elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an high-speed supply device which is intended to deliver rectangular voltage pulses of very small width to a receiving element.
  • a device of this type there can be mentioned in particular the control of image converter tubes of the bi-planar diode type having a uniform electric field (and involving either proximity focusing or magnetic focusing) and the Kerr or Pockels cells. It is known that, in all these cases, it is-necessary to deliver to the receiving element a rectangular voltage pulse having a well-determined height V and time-width T. The profile of the pulse must be as rectangular as possible although the stringency of this requirement is largely dependent on the type of receiver.
  • the first type makes use of a coaxially line which is closed on its characteristic impedance and on the receiving element and a second line which has the same characteristic impedance as the first, which can be loaded at double the voltage to be delivered to the receiving element and which can be closed on the first line by means of a highspeed switch (usually a triggered spark-gap).
  • a highspeed switch usually a triggered spark-gap.
  • the second type makes use of two transmission lines (usually coaxial lines) which have the same characteristic impedance but different propagation times and a storage capacitor which is first charged and then closed on both lines at the same time by means of a high-speed switch. The rectangular pulse is then collected between the ends of the two lines opposite to those on which the storage capacitor is closed.
  • this device has the disadvantage of requiring a capacitor having a very high capacitance in order that the decrease in voltage during the pulse time should remain acceptable. Moreover, after delivery of the pulse, the device gives rise to the appearance of a counter-voltage or undershoot which can be of appreciable amplitude if the capacitance of the capacitor is sufficient.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a device which meets practical requirements more effectively than those which have been employed heretofore, especially insofar as the abovementioned disadvantages are largely removed.
  • the invention proposes a supply device which is capable of delivering rectangular voltage pulses of very small width between two outputs and comprises a twoconductor transmission line, a storage capacitor and rapidclosure switching means for closing the capacitor on a circuit comprising the two conductors of the line, characterized in that said line is constituted by a plurality of sections having the same characteristic impedance and that the two outputs are connected to the same conductor of the line at each end of one of said sections and that said pulses are delivered between said two outputs.
  • the line can be coaxial; it can also be flat and have parallel flat conductors.
  • the line can be closed on its characteristic impedance beyond the second output or be extended by a further section which may supply another element if so required.
  • FIG. 1 shows very diagrammatically a supply device comprising a storage capacitor and two coaxial lines in accordance with the prior art
  • FIGS. 24 and 2b show very diagrammatically the variation in time of the different voltages developed at the time of operation of the device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows very diagrammatically a device in accordance with the invention for supplying a receiving element which is connected in shunt, a coaxial line being employed in this prior art.
  • FIG. 4 shows very diagrammatically an alternative embodiment of the device of FIG. 3 in which the receiving element is connected in series.
  • the storage-capacitor device which is illustrated in FIG. 1 is intended to deliver rectangular voltage pulses to a receiving element 10 consisting, for example, of an image converter tube of the proximity-focusing type.
  • This device comprises two coaxial lines 12 and 14 which are of unequal length in order to have transit times whose difference is equal to the duration or time-width T of the pulses to be delivered.
  • Said two lines 12 and 14 have the same characteristic-impedance lo and are respectively closed on impedances l6 and 18 which are equal to their characteristic impedance.
  • the load element 10 is placed between the outputs 20 and 22 on the input side of the impedances l6 and 18.
  • the two lines 12 and 14 are supplied in parallel from the same storage capacitor 24 via a distribution tee 26 and a highspeed switch 28 which preferably consists of a triggered sparkgap. Provision is evidently made for a circuit (not shown) for charging the capacitor 24 through a resistor 30 having a high value.
  • the two transmission lines 12 and 14 carry rectangular voltage pulses having a height V which is equal to the charging voltage E of the storage capacitor 24.
  • a rectangular pulse having a width T and a constant height V.
  • the capacitance of the storage capacitor 24 is finite in practice and the voltages developed between the output 20 and ground (full-line curve in FIG. 2a) and between the output 22 and ground (dashed-line curve in FIG.
  • the device in accordance with the invention as illustrated in FIG. 3 makes use of a single coaxial transmission line.
  • the components of the device which correspond to those already shown in FIG. 1 are designated in FIG. 3 by the same reference numerals followed by the index a.
  • a storage capacitor 240 which can be charged through a resistor 30a. Said capacitor can be closed on the coaxial line-by means of a high-speed switch 28a which can consist of a triggered spark-gap, for example.
  • the coaxial line comprises a first connecting section 32 followed by a section 34 having a transit time which is equal to the width T of the pulses to be produced. Provision is made in FIG.
  • the device of FIG. 3 offers advantages over that of FIG. 1 in that only one connecting line is required between the storage capacitor, the switch and the load element.
  • the impedance through which the storage capacitor discharges is multiplied by two if the lines employed have identical characteristics since said impedance increases from Zc/2 to Zc.
  • the discharge current is therefore one-half the value within the spark-gap 28, with the result that the service life of this latter is extended accordingly; the pulse has a faster rise time (the ratio of the stray inductance of the discharge circuit to the discharge impedance being twice as small as in the previous case) and it is only necessary to have a value of one-half the capacitance of the storage capacitor in respect of a given voltage drop dV (the discharge time constant being C.Zc instead of C.Zc/2). This reduction gives rise to a correlative decrease in the stray inductance of the storage capacitor.
  • the receiving element is connected in shunt on the coaxial line.
  • This solution is preferable in the case of some types of load element.
  • other types such as some Kerr cells and certain types of bi-planar diode tubes, for example
  • the arrangement of the section 34b with respect to the electrodes 38 and 40 of the receiving element is such that the width of the rectangular pulse is constant over the entire surface area of the electrodes.
  • the section 36b can be employed for supplying an additional receiving element or can altematively be replaced by a loop impedance having a value which is equal to the characteristic impedance of the line.
  • the impedance of the receiving element must in all cases be matched with that of the coaxial line, if necessary by inserting said impedance in a suitable four-input mounting in order to minimize reflection phenomena.
  • the transmission lines which are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 are of the coaxial type.
  • the load element has a flat geometry, it is often preferable to employ flat propagation lines or at least to associate flat propagation lines with coaxial lines by means of suitable transition couplers.
  • a supply device for delivering rectangular voltage pulses of very small width comprising two outputs, a storage capacitor, a transmission line constituted by a plurality of two-conductor sections having the same characteristic impedance and placed in series, and rapid-closure switching means for connecting the terminals of the capacitor to a circuit in which the two conductors of the line are incorporated, one of said two outputs being connected at each end of one of said sections of the same conductor of the line.
  • a device wherein the line has a section which can be assimilated to an infinite line beyond the second output.
  • a device wherein a load element connected to said outputs is connected in shunt on the line.
  • a device wherein a load element is connected in series in the line and has an impedance which is matched with the characteristic impedance of the line.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
US116006A 1970-02-23 1971-02-17 Device for supply voltage pulses Expired - Lifetime US3668415A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7006328A FR2080068A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-23 1970-02-23

Publications (1)

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US3668415A true US3668415A (en) 1972-06-06

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US116006A Expired - Lifetime US3668415A (en) 1970-02-23 1971-02-17 Device for supply voltage pulses

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US (1) US3668415A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA925576A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2108531A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2080068A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1283675A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7102347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6441695B1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2002-08-27 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for transmitting a waveform having a controllable attenuation and propagation velocity
US6847267B2 (en) 2000-03-07 2005-01-25 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for transmitting a waveform having a controllable attenuation and propagation velocity
US20050213684A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2005-09-29 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for propagating a non sinusoidal signal without distortion in dispersive lossy media
US8867657B1 (en) 2014-02-17 2014-10-21 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Communication using analog pulses having exponentially-shaped leading edges

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225223A (en) * 1962-01-12 1965-12-21 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Pulse generator
US3402370A (en) * 1965-11-30 1968-09-17 Air Force Usa Pulse generator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225223A (en) * 1962-01-12 1965-12-21 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Pulse generator
US3402370A (en) * 1965-11-30 1968-09-17 Air Force Usa Pulse generator

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6441695B1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2002-08-27 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for transmitting a waveform having a controllable attenuation and propagation velocity
US6847267B2 (en) 2000-03-07 2005-01-25 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for transmitting a waveform having a controllable attenuation and propagation velocity
US20050213684A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2005-09-29 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for propagating a non sinusoidal signal without distortion in dispersive lossy media
US7375602B2 (en) 2000-03-07 2008-05-20 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for propagating a non sinusoidal signal without distortion in dispersive lossy media
US20080317166A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2008-12-25 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for propagating a non sinusoidal signal without distortion in dispersive lossy media
US7859271B2 (en) 2000-03-07 2010-12-28 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Methods for propagating a non sinusoidal signal without distortion in dispersive lossy media
US20110035170A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2011-02-10 Flake Robert H Time-of-Flight Measurement Based on Transfer Function and Simulated Exponential Stimulus
US8093911B2 (en) 2000-03-07 2012-01-10 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Time-of-flight measurement based on transfer function and simulated exponential stimulus
US8867657B1 (en) 2014-02-17 2014-10-21 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Communication using analog pulses having exponentially-shaped leading edges
US8923444B1 (en) 2014-02-17 2014-12-30 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Decoding a communication signal that contains analog pulses with exponentially-shaped leading edges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7102347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-25
GB1283675A (en) 1972-08-02
FR2080068A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-12
DE2108531A1 (de) 1971-09-09
CA925576A (en) 1973-05-01

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