US3664297A - Centrifugal development apparatus and method - Google Patents

Centrifugal development apparatus and method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3664297A
US3664297A US854083A US3664297DA US3664297A US 3664297 A US3664297 A US 3664297A US 854083 A US854083 A US 854083A US 3664297D A US3664297D A US 3664297DA US 3664297 A US3664297 A US 3664297A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
developer material
developer
image
development
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US854083A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel J Donalies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3664297A publication Critical patent/US3664297A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/082—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer for immersion

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image which includes a housing rotatable about an axis for conveying developer to the image.
  • the housing includes a sloped inner surface which increases in distance from the axis in an upward direction and includes a top surface which lies in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis to confront an electrostatic image to develop. Rotation of the housing centrifugally impels developer from the bottom of the housing along the inner sloped surface to the top surface of the housing in order to develop the image.
  • This invention relates in general to developing latent electrostatic images and, in particular, relates to an apparatus for centrifugally bringing developer material into contact with a photosensitive surface in order to develop a latent electrostatic image thereon.
  • this invention relates to a development device wherein developer is lifted from a sump by centrifugal force to a latent electrostatic image to be developed to convey developer in multiple directions past the surface on which the image is positioned.
  • the developer is conveyed to the image by being centrifugally impelled against the sloped inner surface of a rotating housing to move thereon.
  • the xerographic plate comprising a layer of photoconductive material on a conductive backing is given an uniform electric charge on its surface and then is exposed to the subject matter to be reproduced by various projection techniques. This exposure discharges the plate in accordance with the light intensity reaching it thereby creating a latent electrostatic image on or in the plate.
  • Development of the image is effected by developers which may comprise, in general, a mixture of suitable, pigmented or dyed, resin base powder, hereinafter referred to as toner, which is brought into contact with the plate by various wellknown development techniques. During such development of the image, the toner powder is brought into surface contact with the photoconductive coating and is held there electrostatically in a pattern corresponding to the latent electrostatic image. Thereafter, the developed xerographic image may be transferred to a support material to which it may be fixed by any suitable means such as heat fusing.
  • Another suitable manner of developing a latent electrostatic image is by creating a cloud of toner which comes into contact with the photoconductive surface.
  • This mode of developing is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,928,575 to Carlson wherein a powder cloud is created in a generator by air pressure and an electrostatic charge is placed on the toner by contact of the cloud with the wall of the generator. The charged particles in cloud form thereupon are moved in the vicinity of the latent electrostatic image for development thereof. Therefore, in powder cloud development the charged toner comes into contact with the image without being affixed to a carrier at the time of development.
  • cascade and powder cloud techniques many other modes of development are utilized in the art. Among these are: magnetic brush development as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,176,652 to Mott et al.; doner development as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,216,844 to King; fur brush development as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,251,706 to Walkup and the like.
  • Cascade development presents a problem in developing large area images.
  • the electric field of an electrostatic image is stronger at the edges than in the central portion. Therefore, the lines of force at the edges are sufiicient to attract toner from the carrier, but in the central portion the toner is not attracted to the image since the field is not strong enough to overcome the triboelectric attraction of the two components of the developer.
  • Such a phenomena will result in incomplete development in the central portions of an image while the edges normally are sufficiently developed.
  • Cascade development also requires a thorough intermixing of the developer after repeated development of an image. If inter-mixing does not occur, a defect in development appearing an image striations will result, because of localized carrier material becoming depleted of toner powder. Since images normally have varying size latent image areas to be developed along the direction of flow, repeated development causes the developer flow moving past the more massive image areas to be depleted of toner in a greater amount than the less massive image areas causing certain areas of the developer flow to be depleted of toner more than others. Elaborate systems for inter-mixing of developers, therefore, are required to overcome this toner depletion difficulty.
  • powder cloud development technique does overcome large area development problems as presented by cascade development since toner is presented to the electrostatic image without being accompanied by carrier particles. Therefore, the electrostatic attraction of the latent image does not have to compete with the triboelectric attraction between toner and carrier which allows the toner to more readily affix to the weaker attraction of the central portion.
  • powder cloud development suffers from other drawbacks including a tendency to develop the non-image background areas of the photoconductive surface.
  • a photoconductive surface contains residual charge in areas other than the image area and the toner in a powder cloud unaccompanied by carrier particles will develop the so-called background area because the residual electrostatic field remaining after exposure of the photoreceptor does not have to compete with the triboelectric attraction between the development particles as in a cascade system. Further, the generation of high velocity toner cloud flow conditions in prior art powder cloud devices causes directional development defects which appear as streaks in the developed image, since the toner passes the photoconductive surface in only one direction.
  • an improved development apparatus which overcomes many of the aforementioned problems presented by the prior art development means.
  • such an improved device should adequately develop solid image areas with a minimum of toner starvation of the carrier particles as usually produced by the cascade technique of development.
  • an improved development device be provided which does not produce directional effects such as streaking of an image.
  • Another object of this invention is to improve the development of the solid areas of a latent electrostatic image.
  • a further object of this invention is to eliminate elaborate developer conveying and inter-mixing systems in a development apparatus.
  • Still another object of this invention is to present developer to the latent electrostatic image area in multiple directions.
  • a still further object of this invention is to improve a development apparatus by presenting developer to a latent electrostatic image area in a more uniform flow pattern.
  • Another object of this invention is to better develop a latent electrostatic image with a magnetic field inducing device in a development apparatus.
  • the invention comprises a non-complicated system having but one moving part and a self-circulating developer feature.
  • the novel development devices disclosed herein will efficiently overcome solid area development problems of the cascade method as well as minimize the formation of image striations. The latter problem is solved because developer is conveyed past the image area on the photoreceptor in multiple directions and toner depletion in specific areas of developer flow is thereby kept to a minimum. Therefore, elaborate developer inter-mixing means necessary in the cascade technique of development is not required by the present invention.
  • the novel devices described herein accomplish these results by centrifugally conveying developer material to a surface bearing a latent electrostatic image to be developed.
  • a rotating housing is the essential moving part of the invention and included in the devices disclosed herein is a self-circulating developer feature.
  • the present invention overcomes solid area and background difficulties by utilizing a surface of the centrifugal developer conveying means as a development electrode to increase the lines of electrostatic force of the central portion of the image area.
  • the high flow velocities inherent in the instant centrifugal development apparatus has been found to prevent sticking or beading" of carrier beads to the charged image or other areas of the photoconductive surface as occasioned in the use of other two component developer systems such as in cascade devices.
  • FIG. l is a schematic illustration of a belt type xerographic machine utilizing the development device of the present invcntion;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective illustration of one embodiment of the development device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. d is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the development device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the development device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the development device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective illustration of the flow of developer past a surface bearing a latent electrostatic image according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic view of a belt type xerographic machine utilizing the development devices of the present invention.
  • the essential element of the machine is a belt I mounted on suitable rollers and drivable in a conventional direction by a motor (not shown).
  • the belt 1 comprises an outer surface with a layer on photoconductive insulating material such as vitreous selenium or other suitable surface.
  • An uniform electrostatic charge is placed on the photoconductive surface of the belt 1 by means of a conventional corona charging device 2.
  • the uniformly charged surface on the belt is then moved to exposure means 3, which may be any well-known device which will expose the charged surface to copy to be reproduced and form a latent electrostatic image of the copy on the photosensitive belt surface.
  • the image on the belt will move to the development device 10 according to the present invention (to be described in detail later) to bring the latent image into contact with developer material for development thereof.
  • the visible image moves to a transfer means 4 and is transferred from the belt to a web of paper 5 or the like which is positioned in contact with the belt by rollers 6.
  • a second corona charge device 7 applies a charge to the back of the web 5 to facilitate transfer of the toner powder in image form.
  • the toner image on the web then moves past a heating element 8 which permanently affixes the toner to the paper web to form a duplicate of the original copy.
  • a rotating brush 9 contacts the belt surface after it moves past the transfer device 4 to remove any residual image material on the surface prior to a subsequent reproduction cycle. It is clear that other modes of charging, exposing, transfer, or fusing may be utilized in connection with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 there is illustrated a first embodiment of the development device 10 shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
  • a rotating housing 111 journalled on a vertical shaft 12 surrounded by sleeve 13 which is connected to a base plate M by use of threads.
  • Sealed ball bearings 16 are located at both ends of the sleeve 13 to surround the shaft 12 to allow rotation of the shaft relative to the sleeve.
  • the shaft 12 is journalled at one end by bearings 16 and is connected to a flexible drive belt 17 adjacent thereto.
  • the flexible belt 17 is connected to a conventional variable speed motor M that is mounted on brackets (not shown) beneath the base plate 14 which effects rotation of the shaft.
  • a cover member 118 is affixed to the upper end of the shaft by suitable means to substantially close the upper portion of the housing lll wherein an opening 18a is provided between the periphery of the cover and the top of the housing to allow developer flow therebetween.
  • a vane support member 1812 is surroundingly affixed by suitable means to a hub portion of.
  • the vane members are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 for convenience of illustration as two flat vertically oriented vanes although the vane members may comprise other numbers and other oriented shapes, as for example, helical forms and the like.
  • the vane member 19 extends radially from the vane support member 18 to the inner surface 20 of the wall 21 of the housing ill and is fixed thereto in slots 22.
  • the vanes extend vertically along the entire height of the inner surface of the housing and include at the bottom thereof scoops 23 in the form of plows which extend below the bottom of wall means 211 and are curved into the direction of rotation ofthe housing.
  • the inner surface 20 is in a conical shape extending the height of the housing wall.
  • the inner wall 20 may be sloped at a 60 angle with respect to horizontal, but it should be apparent that other slopes may be utilized according to the present invention depending on desired developer flow.
  • the wall further includes a horizontal top surface 24 and a vertical outer surface 25 adjacent the top surface.
  • the vertical outer surface 25 extends partially downward to meet a horizontal under surface 26 and the rest of the outer surface of the wall then comprises a sloped outer surface 27.
  • the sloped outer surface 27 is illustrated as being sloped at a different angle with respect to the horizontal than is the inner surface wall 20, but may encompass any other desired slopes or shapes. in the construction thus far described, it should be apparent that the housing wall 21, the vanes 19, and the vane support member 18, and the shaft 12 all rotate unitarily about the axis of rotation of the shaft and are rotated by motor M.
  • An annular conductive disc member 30 which can be made of any suitable conductive material is unitarily mounted on the top surface of the housing and is of a height to allow flow through the opening 18a.
  • the inner surface 31 of the annular disc is sloped correspondingly to the inner conical surface to be a mere extension thereof.
  • the top surface 32 of the annular disc is sloped outwardly at a slight angle with respect to the horizontal.
  • one construction of the novel device disclosed herein extended a width of two inches from the inner edge to the outer edge of the top surface of the annular disc.
  • the outer edge of the disc in such a form was elevated 30/ l ,000 of an inch from the elevation of the inner edge of the surface.
  • the annular disc is electrically grounded through the. wall of the housing, vanes, vane support member and shaft thereby acting as a development electrode to increase the lines of force emanating from the latent electrostatic image.
  • the annular disc, the housing wall 21, vanes 19, vane support member 18 and shaft 12 are formed of a suitable conductive material such as a metal to allow the disc to be grounded through the body of the device.
  • a suitable conductive material such as a metal to allow the disc to be grounded through the body of the device.
  • the materials used in construction of these latter mentioned elements is not intended to be limited to a conductive material, and it is within the scope of this invention to use suitable non-conductive materials for one or more of these elements.
  • the annular disc 30 may be grounded directly in a conventional manner (not shown).
  • the annular disc may be biased by an electrical potential (not shown) to further modify the electrical field of the latent image to better develop a solid image area or to control the deposit of toner in the background nonimage areas of the surface.
  • the belt 1 having an outer layer of photoconductive material with an electrostatic image to be developed thereupon is spaced a small distance from the annular top surface 32.
  • the latent image confronts the top annular surface along a substantially horizontal plane and moves relative to the housing 11.
  • the novel developer device of the present invention includes a developer catching wall 33 which will receive developer flow (to be described later) as it comes ofi the top annular surface and guides unused developer by gravity to the base plate 14.
  • the base plate 14 acts as a support or sump for the developer material to be circulated and the developer supported thereby is preferably a two component developer comprising carrier and toner such as, for example, disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 2,618,551 to Walkup. A sufficient amount of developer is retained by the base plate to insure uniform and adequate circulation of the carrier and toner particles.
  • the shaft, vane support member, vane wall, and the annular member rotate together as a one piece housing driven by the motor M.
  • the developer which is supported on the base plate 14 is picked up by scoops 23 on the vanes 19 upon rotation of the housing.
  • the scoops are shaped so that their movement will pick up developer and place it in contact with the sloped inner surface 20.
  • the rotation of housing causes the developer in contact to be hurled upon the inner surface by centrifugal force. Since the inner surface is sloped, a vertical force component is applied to the particles by the rotation which results in the particles moving up the wall to the annular top surface 32.
  • the annular top surface is nearly horizontially oriented and, therefore, he developer is hurled in all directions across the annular surface in the space between it and the photoreceptor surface.
  • the uniformity of the developer flow across the annular disc is increased by the cover member 18 which insures that flow only is directed through the opening 18a between the cover and the annular disc.
  • the flow across the annular disc is not perfectly radial because the rotation of the housing normally causes the developer to leave the annular surface at an angle to the radial direction.
  • the top annular surface is sloped slightly in the direction of flow, as previously discussed, to maintain or increase the interference of the developer material with the photoconductive surface as well as to control developer flow.
  • the development apparatus of the invention includes a self-circulating feature to return unused developer to the sump for subsequent use which alleviates expensive circulating means of prior art development devices.
  • the inner surface need not be limited to one uniform slope and can comprise a surface having two or more slope angles or other shaped surfaces such as, for example, an elliptical profile.
  • FIG. 4 there is illustrated another embodiment of the development device according to this invention.
  • This embodiment is identical to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, except it further includes developer agitation or turbulence inducing means comprising a roughened upper surface 40 of the annular disc 30.
  • the roughened surface 40 is shown in the form of serrations which tend to agitate the developer into better development contact with the electrostatic image.
  • a magnetic field is set up about the annular disc by magnets 41 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the magnets 41 are stationary segments mounted by suitable means (not shown) beneath the annular disc 30 which allows relative motion between the electrode disc 30 and the magnet, whereby a magnetic field is altemately applied to specific areas of the rotating surface.
  • the resulting magnetic field alternately applied utilizing the segmented magnets will increase turbulence of the developer passing the latent image as well as create a compacting of the developer in contact with the image area producing more interference of toner and carrier with the image bearing surface to effect better development of the latent image lying thereon.
  • Using the magnetic field as a development aid in this embodiment would require the use of a developer material which comprises well-known ferro-metallic carrier particles that are readily deflected by the field.
  • FIG. 5 another embodiment of the development device according to the present invention is illustrated.
  • This embodiment is identical to the embodiment in FIGS. 2 and 3 except it includes an alternative means for inducing a magnetic field about the annular disc surface.
  • the magnetic field in this embodiment is produced by annular disc magnet 42 mounted by suitable means (not shown) to the bottom surface of the disc 30 to rotate therewith.
  • the annular disc magnet 42 creates an annular magnetic field about the axis of rotation of the housing which retards the movement of the developer flow being guided across the annular surface.
  • the force field created by the annular magnet thereby produces a barrier to impede and slow developer flow reaching the field which consequently results in developer material flow not yet reaching the barrier to also slow in velocity.
  • the amount of this decrease of the developer material velocity across the disc surface depends on the strength of the magnetic field created by the magnet and therefore by selecting a desired field intensity a particular velocity pattern may be selected for flow across the annular disc surface.
  • the developer flow in this embodiment is controlled to a desired flow velocity without the need of a physical structure to block the flow which may disrupt the uniform flow pattern across the annular disc. Therefore, since the flow on the disc is impeded, a backup of developer flow occurs on the disc surface to effect brush-like contact of the developer thereon against the belt 1 bearing an image to be developed and thus specific areas of developer material are in contact with the photoconductive surface for a greater length of time to produce effective development.
  • the developer material flowing directly in the magnetic field and impeded therein is thereafter hurled into contact with the catching wall 33 to be returned to the sump as in the aforementioned embodiments of the invention.
  • the annular disc and developer material of this embodiment may, for example, respectively comprise the material previously disclosed in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 there illustrated still another embodiment of the development device according to this invention.
  • the principal ofoperation is identical to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 6 utilizes a plurality of slanted thin wall tubes 50 to convey the developer to the latent image area.
  • the tubes are supported near the lower end by support rings 51 connected to rotating shaft 52.
  • the tubes are of any suitable nonmetallic or metallic material such as, for example, brass and are retained at their upper end by holes 53 in a thin disc-like plate 54.
  • the upper open ends 55 of the tubes are flush with the upper surface of the disc 54 to form a smooth upper surface.
  • the disc is fixedly supported by suitable means (not shown), on the rotating shaft and a hub-like support member 55 surrounds the shaft and extends from the top of the support rings 51 to the bottom of the disc 54 to give better physical support to the structure.
  • the shaft 52 is journalled at its bottom in a similar fashion as described for the embodiment of FIG. 2 so as to be rotated by a variable speed motor M. Rotation of the shaft in FIG. will cause the support ring 51, the hub support member 55, the slanted tubes 50 and the disc 54 to rotate as a unitary unit about the axis of the shaft 52.
  • the top of the disc is gradually elevated in an outward direction similarly to the top annular surface ofthe embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to keep the developer in development contact with the latent image lying on a surface downwardly confronting the top disc surface.
  • the slanted tubes 50 have a slanted opening 56 at the bottom of the tube which extends into the developer material supported by the base plate I4.
  • the slanted opening faces the direction of rotation of the shaft and thereby scoops up developer comprising carrier and toner particles into the entrance of the tube.
  • the scooped developer is impelled against the sides of the tubes and because of their slanted orientation, the developer moves up the tube to the opening on the disc member.
  • the developer is then hurled outwardly with a radial component of velocity in a manner similar to that illustrated in FIG. 7 for the other described embodiments.
  • the developer catching means 33 and base plate of this embodiment are identical as described in conjunction with FIGS. 2 and 3. Therefore, the thin wall tubes function to convey developer in a manner similar to the conical surface previously described.
  • the annular disc of this embodiment can function as a development electrode, since it also may be grounded through the body of the development device or be directly grounded. If a greater electric field was required in the area of the image, the annular disc of this form of the invention could also be connected to an electrical bias potential to give greater or improved solid area development or a suitable bias may be applied to reduce the deposit of toner in background areas on the photoconductor.
  • Latent image developing apparatus comprising a support surface bearing a latent electrostatic image to be developed
  • a housing journaled for rotation about an axis generally perpendicular to the support surface including means for containing said developer material for radially accelerating the material by rotating the housing and exit means for allowing accelerated developer material to travel radially outward relative to the housing in a plane generally parallel to said support surface whereby the radially accelerated developer material makes multiple directional contact with the support surface for developing the latent image.
  • the developer material comprises a two component developer including carrier particles and toner powder to develop the latent image.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including guide means spaced from the support surface and generally parallel thereto for guiding radially propelled developer material over the support surface.
  • said guide means comprises an annular surface in close spaced confrontation with the image bearing surface.
  • annular surface is radially inclined at a small angle to progressively decrease the space of confrontation between the image bearing surface and the annular surface in a radial direction from the axis.
  • the guide means includes a roughened surface to agitate developer material into contact with the image bearing surface.
  • the guide means includes a magnetic field means to agitate the developer material into contact with the image bearing surface.
  • the housing further includes a developer receiving means mounted adjacent the guide means to receive developer material after contacting the image bearing surface to return unused developer material to the sump.
  • said housing contain ing means includes inner wall surfaces sloped relative to the axis of rotation to cause developer material to flow along the wall when the housing is rotated and said housing further including a sump for storing developer material adjacent said inner walls such that developer material moves from the sump along the inner walls when the housing is rotated.
  • An apparatus for developing a support surface bearing a latent electrostatic image with developer material comprising conveying means to effect a flow of developer material past an image bearing surface for development contact therewith including a disc surface carrying the developer flow in multiple directions past the image bearing surface and force field means operatively connected to the conveying means to impede the flow of the developer material passing the image bearing surface to increase said development contact.
  • the apparatus of claim 15 including means to rotate the disc surface around an axis extending substantially perpendicular to the image bearing surface.
  • the force field means comprises a magnetic field inducing means to impede the flow of developer flow on the disc surface to increase development contact with the image bearing surface.
  • disc surface comprises an annular member and including means to effect developer material flow in outward directions on the annular member.
  • An apparatus for developing a support surface bearing a latent electrostatic image with developer material comprising surface means including a disc surface rotatably mounted about an axis substantially perpendicular to an image bearing surface and supporting developer material for development by contact with the image bearing surface,
  • force field inducing means including magnetic field generating means mounted adjacent the surface means to control the development contact between the developer material and the image bearing surface.
  • force field means controls the developer material by impeding the flow of developer material 'on the surface means.
  • a method of developing latent electrostatic images comprising radially propelling developer material from a housing journaled for rotation about an axis generally perpendicular to a support surface bearing a latent electrostatic image to be developed and directing the developer material over the latent image during its radial travel in a plane generally parallel to the support surface to obtain multiple direction contact between the developer material and support surface.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
US854083A 1969-08-29 1969-08-29 Centrifugal development apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US3664297A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85408369A 1969-08-29 1969-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3664297A true US3664297A (en) 1972-05-23

Family

ID=25317683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US854083A Expired - Lifetime US3664297A (en) 1969-08-29 1969-08-29 Centrifugal development apparatus and method

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3664297A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4824055B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2042845A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1315565A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4357096A (en) * 1981-03-06 1982-11-02 Eastman Kodak Company Dispersion supply apparatus for photoelectrophoretic migration imaging

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5217959U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-07-26 1977-02-08

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1578333A (en) * 1925-03-07 1926-03-30 Mcniff Hugh Rotary pump
US3014812A (en) * 1958-11-21 1961-12-26 Bird & Son Method and apparatus for spreading particles
US3117891A (en) * 1960-09-26 1964-01-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic apparatus
US3122455A (en) * 1960-12-30 1964-02-25 Xerox Corp Xerographic toner dispenser
US3130066A (en) * 1961-10-09 1964-04-21 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electro spray apparatus and method
US3349750A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-10-31 Xerox Corp Xerographic development apparatus
US3367307A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-02-06 Arlside Ltd Electrostatographic developing apparatus
US3435803A (en) * 1965-12-27 1969-04-01 Xerox Corp Lifting apparatus
US3536043A (en) * 1967-06-16 1970-10-27 Agfa Gevaert Ag Powder applicator for electrophotographic apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1578333A (en) * 1925-03-07 1926-03-30 Mcniff Hugh Rotary pump
US3014812A (en) * 1958-11-21 1961-12-26 Bird & Son Method and apparatus for spreading particles
US3117891A (en) * 1960-09-26 1964-01-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic apparatus
US3122455A (en) * 1960-12-30 1964-02-25 Xerox Corp Xerographic toner dispenser
US3130066A (en) * 1961-10-09 1964-04-21 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electro spray apparatus and method
US3367307A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-02-06 Arlside Ltd Electrostatographic developing apparatus
US3349750A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-10-31 Xerox Corp Xerographic development apparatus
US3435803A (en) * 1965-12-27 1969-04-01 Xerox Corp Lifting apparatus
US3536043A (en) * 1967-06-16 1970-10-27 Agfa Gevaert Ag Powder applicator for electrophotographic apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4357096A (en) * 1981-03-06 1982-11-02 Eastman Kodak Company Dispersion supply apparatus for photoelectrophoretic migration imaging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2042845A1 (de) 1971-03-11
GB1315565A (en) 1973-05-02
JPS4824055B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4387664A (en) Developing apparatus for electrostatic image
US4030447A (en) Developing device
US3645770A (en) Improved method for developing xerographic images
JPS627544B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL31757A (en) Electrostatic copying method and apparatus
US3257223A (en) Electrostatic powder cloud xerographic development method and apparatus
US4098228A (en) High speed magnetic brush development system
US3638614A (en) Electrostatic latent image development apparatus
US3633544A (en) Turbocloud development
US3572289A (en) Magnetic brush development apparatus
US3791730A (en) Apparatus for developing electrostatic latent images
US2975758A (en) Apparatus for developing electrostatic images
US3416494A (en) Xerographic development electrode
US4766468A (en) Developing method and apparatus for a photocopier
US3882822A (en) Apparatus for Developing Electrostatic Latent Images
US3584601A (en) Magnetic brush belt development
US4267248A (en) Magnet-brush development process of electric pattern images
US3662711A (en) Development apparatus
US3550556A (en) Development apparatus
US4162842A (en) Method and apparatus for developing a latent, electrostatic image in non-impact printing
US4259005A (en) Device and method for developing latent electrostatic images
US3611992A (en) Cleanup electrode
US3664297A (en) Centrifugal development apparatus and method
US3685488A (en) Xerographic development
US3638610A (en) Development apparatus