US3662390A - Method of and device for aiming barrels of cannons installed in terrain from a remote aiming station - Google Patents

Method of and device for aiming barrels of cannons installed in terrain from a remote aiming station Download PDF

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Publication number
US3662390A
US3662390A US879681A US3662390DA US3662390A US 3662390 A US3662390 A US 3662390A US 879681 A US879681 A US 879681A US 3662390D A US3662390D A US 3662390DA US 3662390 A US3662390 A US 3662390A
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United States
Prior art keywords
receiving
control station
antennae
array
piece
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Expired - Lifetime
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US879681A
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English (en)
Inventor
Josef Lerach
Victor Denk
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Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
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Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G5/00—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/14—Indirect aiming means
    • F41G3/18—Auxiliary target devices adapted for indirect laying of fire
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for aiming pieces of artillery from a remote control station.
  • the electromagnetic fields are derived from a crystal-controlled oscillator.
  • the outputs of the receiver array may be non-linearly rectified and applied in pairs to instruments for indicating the phase difference.
  • Apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention comprises, at the control station, a transmitting antenna array including at least two pairs of radiators on a first supporting arm, the radiators of each pair being disposed symmetrically with respect to its rotary axis of the arm, and, at the weapon, a receiving antenna array rotatable about a vertical axis and having at least two receiving antennae on a second supporting arm, the two receiving antennae being disposed symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of rotation of the second arm, the receiving array also having a further two receiving antennae disposed vertically one above the other on the said axis of rotation.
  • the outputs of the receiving antennae are applied to phase shift measuring instruments, which may be digital phase meters.
  • the transmitting array is energized from the said crystalcontrolled oscillator and included in one feeder to one of the radiators of the transmitting array is a phase shifter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic arrangement of the device and the factors which are important for the method
  • FIG. 2 is in symbolic form the circuit of the transmitter and receiver portion for measuring the angle between the radiator beam direction and the reference line as well as the direction of the antenna beam to the aiming station in the horizontal plane;
  • FIG. 3 shows the geometric relations in case of a level dif ference between the aiming station and one of the cannons.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a remote control station 1 from which each of a number of pieces of artillery are to be aimed.
  • the station 1 has a transmitting antenna array comprising an arm 2 on which are mounted pairs of radiators 3, 3', and 4, 4' disposed symmetrically about the center 2' of the arm 2.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a single piece only of artillery although it is to be understood that there will usually be several such pieces.
  • the single piece is shown schematically by block 5, it being understood that the type and construction of weapon forms no part of the present invention.
  • Mounted upon the weapon is a receiving antenna array comprising antennae 6 and 7, mounted vertically one above the other at the vertical axis of rotation 9 of an arm 9, at whose ends further receiving antennae 8,8 are mounted.
  • Antenna 8,8 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the rotary axis 9.
  • FIG. 1 also shows an arrow X indicating the direction in which weapon 5 is to be trained under the control of station 1.
  • the longitudinal axis of the arm 2 defines a direction R which makes an angle B with the direction X through its center 2.
  • a reference line 5 Joining rotary axis 9' with the mid-point 2 of arm 2 is a reference line 5 with which arm 9 makes some arbitrary angle 4;.
  • the angle between line S and direction R is shown as a.
  • the arm 9 will be rotated about its vertical axis 9 until the arm lies along a direction R parallel to the direction R and the weapon will then be layed-of through angle [3 whose value is transmitted to the weapon from the control station by radio or in some other suitable manner.
  • radiators 3,3,4,4 at the remote control station are connected by feeders to a transmitter indicated by block 10.
  • the transmitter is preferably crystal-controlled but is otherwise of conventional, known form.
  • Included in the feeder from the transmitter 10 to radiator 3 is a phase shifter of conventional form represented by block 11.
  • Radiators 3 and 3 are each spaced by a distance e,
  • radiators 4 and 4 are spaced by a distance e from the center 2'.
  • Receiving antennae 6, 7 stacked vertically one above the other on the arm 9 are joined as shown by feeders to rectifiers 12' whose output is applied via filters 13 to a digital phase meter 14.
  • antennae 8 and 8 are joined by feeders to rectifiers 12 whose output is applied via filters 13 to a digital phase meter 14.
  • Antenna 8, 8 are spaced apart along the arm 9 by a distance d.
  • Transmitter 10 is adapted to feed radiators 3 and 3 with signals of frequencies f, and f +Af respectively, and radiators 4 and 4 are fed with signals of frequencies f and f Af.
  • Frequencies f and f are relatively widely spaced the frequency gap being in the Megahertz range.
  • Af is relatively small, typically Hertz. By superposing the frequencies, beat frequencies of the same low value are obtained. Because f and f, are relatively widely spaced, it is possible to limit the frequency band passed by each antenna 6, 7, 8, 8' to either of them by providing appropriate circuits in the channel to rectifiers 10.
  • the beat fields are assumed to have said frequencies while in fact they are between f andf Af, and between f, andf Af, respectively.
  • the tuning of the antenna channels is such that antenna 6 is tuned to f,, antenna 7 is tuned to f and antennae 8 and 8' are tuned to the same frequency f, or f and for the purpose of this specification it will be assumed that both antennae 8 and 8' pass but the frequency f
  • Beat voltages U and U at the output of filters 13' are determined by U -cs (211-Af-l-i e cos owl-6 wherein k, and A are the wave lengths, e and 2 being the radiator distances as shown, and 8, and 8 the unknown start phases of the beat fields.
  • the difference [6 8 is made zero, so that the phase difference A4 of the beat voltages U and U becomes equal to
  • the angle a may be determined.
  • the phase difference A between the beat voltages U and U is given by d being the distance between the two antennae 8 and 8 and r the distance between the axis 9 and the axis 2' of the arm 2.
  • the arm 9 is then turned until the angle ll: has the value 0 or 180 and thus A I 0, too. In case of d1 0 or 111 180, respectively, the arm 9 will extend accurately in the direction of the reference line S.
  • the antenna arm 9 being so adjusted, standard direction R will be obtained by applying the angle a, R thereby becoming parallel to the radiator arm direction R. Application of the angle [3 at R will then permit the training of the weapon on the desired direction X.
  • an additional radiator pair which radiates at the frequencies f f;, Af, and corresponding antennae at the weapon.
  • the equation cos a cos D/ cos 1 may be derived from the diagram, the equation permitting the determination of the horizontal angle a by measuring the angles D and 'y.
  • the angle D is measured as described hereinabove.
  • an additional radiator system is used orthogonally disposed in the vertical plane with respect to that which is provided for determination of angles 1 or 0: respectively.
  • the two radiator pairs necessary for this purpose radiate frequencies fl, fl Af and f f, Af, said frequencies being different fromf,,f Af,f ,f Af,f ,f Af.
  • the angle 7 is obtained from the measured phase shift A l by means of the relation wherein A and A are the wave lengths and e e the radiator spacing corresponding with e, and e above.
  • a method of aiming a piece of artillery from a remote control station comprising the steps of i. transmitting from a transmitting antenna array at said control station electromagnetic beat fields of relatively greater frequency spacing but of relatively low beat frequency,
  • the method as set forth in claim 2, which further includes the steps of determining, in the case that the control station and the piece of artillery are at different heights relative to sea level, the angle of elevation between them by means of further transmitting and receiving antennae arrays disposed orthogonally with respect to said first mentioned transmitter, and receiving arrays, respectively.
  • An apparatus for aiming a piece of artillery from a remote control station comprising in combination,
  • a transmitting antennae array including at least two pairs of radiators on a first support arm, said radiators of each pair being disposed symmetrically with respect to the axis of said first arm, and,
  • a receiving antennae array rotatable about a vertical axis and having at least two receiving antennae on a second supporting arm
  • said two receiving antennae being disposed symmetrically
  • said receiving array also having further two receiving antennae disposed vertically one above the other on said axis of rotation, and
  • the outputs of the antennae of said receiving array being connected to phase shift measuring instruments.
  • phase shift measuring instruments comprise digital counters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
US879681A 1968-11-28 1969-11-25 Method of and device for aiming barrels of cannons installed in terrain from a remote aiming station Expired - Lifetime US3662390A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681811441 DE1811441A1 (de) 1968-11-28 1968-11-28 Verfahren und Anordnung zum Ausrichten der Geschuetzrohre von im Gelaende aufgestellten Geschuetzen von einer Richtstelle aus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3662390A true US3662390A (en) 1972-05-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US879681A Expired - Lifetime US3662390A (en) 1968-11-28 1969-11-25 Method of and device for aiming barrels of cannons installed in terrain from a remote aiming station

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3662390A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH503965A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1811441A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2024411A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1296847A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4379272A (en) * 1979-12-15 1983-04-05 Racal-Dana Instruments Limited AGC Circuit with level-compensating input

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA975157A (en) * 1972-03-17 1975-09-30 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Gun alignment and control system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2399426A (en) * 1940-10-07 1946-04-30 James A Bradley Remote detection and control system
US2557949A (en) * 1942-08-22 1951-06-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Fire control system
US3028598A (en) * 1958-11-13 1962-04-03 Texas Instruments Inc Azimuth transfer system
US3392389A (en) * 1965-09-21 1968-07-09 Neo Tec Etude Applic Tech Method and means for radiolocating a radio receiving station

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2399426A (en) * 1940-10-07 1946-04-30 James A Bradley Remote detection and control system
US2557949A (en) * 1942-08-22 1951-06-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Fire control system
US3028598A (en) * 1958-11-13 1962-04-03 Texas Instruments Inc Azimuth transfer system
US3392389A (en) * 1965-09-21 1968-07-09 Neo Tec Etude Applic Tech Method and means for radiolocating a radio receiving station

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4379272A (en) * 1979-12-15 1983-04-05 Racal-Dana Instruments Limited AGC Circuit with level-compensating input

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1296847A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-22
CH503965A (de) 1971-02-28
DE1811441A1 (de) 1970-06-18
FR2024411A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-08-28

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