US3661559A - Metallurgical process control of oxygen content - Google Patents

Metallurgical process control of oxygen content Download PDF

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Publication number
US3661559A
US3661559A US780855A US3661559DA US3661559A US 3661559 A US3661559 A US 3661559A US 780855 A US780855 A US 780855A US 3661559D A US3661559D A US 3661559DA US 3661559 A US3661559 A US 3661559A
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Prior art keywords
oxygen content
radiation
specimen
oxygen
metallurgical process
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US780855A
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English (en)
Inventor
Aurel Horvath
Gellert Repasi
Elek Szabo
Bruno Vorsatz
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Dunai Vasmu
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Dunai Vasmu
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of metals and alloys, including iron and its alloys in a reproduceable quality.
  • the procedure is suitable to control metallurgical reactions occurring in a non-reducing furnace atmosphere.
  • the production in reproduceable quality is ensured by the control of various phases of the metallurgical process in the exact knowledge of the oxygen content of the heat.
  • the quantity of oxygen (or equivalent) needed to remove the accompanying substances and contaminants, as well as the quantity of additions (deoxidizing substances) needed to bind or remove residual oxygen in the heat is determined on the basis of the prevailing oxygen content.
  • the melting process is retarded by the lack of knowledge of the oxygen content, because:
  • the deoxidizing additions used in excess cause the chemical composition of the metal alloys i.e. steels to vary over a wide range;
  • the amount of non-metallic (oxidized) inclusions may increase to an extent where they unduly increase the defective products, due to inherent blemishes of the metal.
  • the essence of the invention is the direct control of the metallurgical processes used to produce metals and their alloys on the basis of the exact and continuous determination of the oxygen content.
  • the amount of oxidizing additions needed in the oxidizing stage of the production of metals and their alloys and the amount of deoxidizing additions needed in the reducing phase is calculated.
  • the calculation is based, in the knowledge of the exact oxygen content on the stoichiometrically required amount.
  • the steel industry may be taken as an example for the application of the control of metallurgical processes based on the oxygen content.
  • the major characteristic of steel production is to reduce gradually the initial carbon content of the heat to the predetermined final content.
  • To the prevailing carbon content corresponds an adequate oxygen content, which may be determined on the basis of the state of equilibrium known from the literature and increases with decreasing carbon content.
  • the amount of oxidative additions needed for decarburization it is essential to know the oxygen content of the furnace charge at the commencement of the decarburization process.
  • the additions of the oxidative additions at a correct rate ensures the optimal rate of decarburization.
  • a specimen of defined size and simple geometrical shape is prepared from the metal taken from the heat and the oxygen atoms contained in the specimen are transformed by O/n p/"N nuclear reaction into radiant isotopes and the radiation of N isotope is measured.
  • the establishment of the flux of the neutrons during radiation treatment, or the normation of the change occurring in the specimen to the same flux level, is carried out by the count-partition time variation method.
  • FIG. 1 The schematic diagram of an analyzer according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the neutron source 1 of the equipment is contained in wall 2 serving as means of protection.
  • Detector 6 is placed in the chamber to measure the radiation of the sample and detector 7 to measure the radiation of the specimen of known oxygen content.
  • the chamber jacketed sample radiation meter 8 is connected to detector 6 and radiation measuring instrument 9 for the reference specimen is connected to detector 7.
  • Printing device 10 for gathered data and automatic operation control device 11 also form a portion of the equipment.
  • Radiation source 1 converts the oxygen atoms contained in the sample into radioactive isotopes and the radiation of the radioactive isotopes thus formed and the flux of the radiation source are measured and evaluated by instruments 5 to 10.
  • the sample input is at 12 and it is taken out at 13 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the metals and their alloys thus produced are of a more even quality
  • the amount and quality of deoxidizing agents to be added to the heat for deoxidizing, to a given oxygen-content, is calculated and given out in technical directions as determined on the basis of the oxygen content of specimens taken from the steel bath at predetermined times.
  • FIG. 3. shows the flow diagram of one of the possible applications of the procedure.
  • 1', 2 and 3 are samples taken at various phases of charge treatment, 4 the metal bath, 5' the instrument for oxygen determination, 6' the display of oxygencontent, 7' the means for determination of the additions, 8' and 9' the addition means for various materials, 10' and 11' the storage means for various additives and 12' the means for treatment of the sample.
  • a method for the control of a metallurgical process comprising establishing a bath of molten metal of unknown oxygen content, withdrawing from the bath a specimen of metal, subjecting said specimen to neutron radiation to produce N isotopes, detecting the radiation of said isotopes, and adding to the bath material to change the oxygen level thereof determined by said detected radiation.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 and exposing to said neutron radiation a specimen of known oxygen content, detecting the radiation of the N isotopes produced by radiation of said known specimen, determining the difference in detected radiation of said known and unknown specimens, and effecting said addition in response to said determined difference.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
US780855A 1967-12-06 1968-12-03 Metallurgical process control of oxygen content Expired - Lifetime US3661559A (en)

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HUMA001788 1967-12-06

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US3661559A true US3661559A (en) 1972-05-09

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US780855A Expired - Lifetime US3661559A (en) 1967-12-06 1968-12-03 Metallurgical process control of oxygen content

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US (1) US3661559A (de)
AT (1) AT315219B (de)
DE (1) DE1811755B2 (de)
FR (1) FR1594138A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769000A (en) * 1971-10-04 1973-10-30 Steel Corp Method for operating basic oxygen steel processes with the introduction of carbon dioxide
US3932135A (en) * 1974-11-07 1976-01-13 Centro Sperimentale Metallurgico S.P.A. Method and apparatus for the determination of the oxygen content of metallic baths

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769000A (en) * 1971-10-04 1973-10-30 Steel Corp Method for operating basic oxygen steel processes with the introduction of carbon dioxide
US3932135A (en) * 1974-11-07 1976-01-13 Centro Sperimentale Metallurgico S.P.A. Method and apparatus for the determination of the oxygen content of metallic baths

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT315219B (de) 1974-05-10
FR1594138A (de) 1970-06-01
DE1811755B2 (de) 1977-05-18
DE1811755A1 (de) 1970-03-26

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