US3660593A - Pressure vessel power lead-through - Google Patents

Pressure vessel power lead-through Download PDF

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Publication number
US3660593A
US3660593A US100652A US3660593DA US3660593A US 3660593 A US3660593 A US 3660593A US 100652 A US100652 A US 100652A US 3660593D A US3660593D A US 3660593DA US 3660593 A US3660593 A US 3660593A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rod
vessel
insulating
pressurized fluid
boss member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US100652A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Gordon Bowles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Forge Co
Original Assignee
National Forge Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National Forge Co filed Critical National Forge Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3660593A publication Critical patent/US3660593A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/26—Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
    • H01B17/30—Sealing
    • H01B17/303—Sealing of leads to lead-through insulators
    • H01B17/308—Sealing of leads to lead-through insulators by compressing packing material

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electrode for use in supplying power to equipment within a sealed vessel capable of containing fluid under pressure wherein an electrically conductive rod encased in an insulating material passes through the vessel wall to the interior of the vessel and has a boss member fitted upon its interior end.
  • the boss member bears the outward load caused by the pressurized fluid and is supported by the inner surface of the vessel wall.
  • the boss member is electrically insulated from the vessel wall by an insulating disc.
  • the boss is made of conducting [52] US. Cl.
  • a second boss member is interposed between the insulating disc and the vessel wall inner surface to 2,0l9,059 l0/l935 Sherman ..174/152 RUX prevent any flexing motions of the vessel wall from being 2,65 l ,672 9/1953 Ivanoff... 174/152 R transmitted to the insulating disc. 2,838,596 6/1958 Foord ..174/152R 2.897.472 7/1959 OBrien ..174/153 R 4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures Primary Examiner-Laramie E. Askin Att0rne ⁇ 'Philip M. Shaw, Jr.
  • the present invention relates to electrodes for use with pressure vessels and particularly to electrodes which pass through pressure vessel walls or covers.
  • Sme prior pressure vessel electrodes employ the sealing method commonly used in sealing piston rods, valve stems, plunger pumps, and alike. Specifically a packing is squeezed wall or cover to make a seal. The gripping of the rod also produces a frictional effect which prevents the rod from being pushed out of the pressure vessel wall or cover by the end force due to the pressurized fluid. For applications using fluid under high pressure the length of the packing need be considerable to exert a sufficient frictional restraining force on the rod. In all applications such packing must be resilient and unaffected by the high temperatures generated in the electrode when it conducts electrical power.
  • Another type of prior art electrode employs a tapered conductive rod which fits into a gland piece within the vessel wall or cover. Insulation is interposed between the rod and the gland. The taper is designed to prevent the rod from being forced out by the fluid when the vesel is pressurized.
  • One disadvantage of this design is that theinsulation must resist both the high pressure from the fluid and the high temperature generated in the electrode. The insulation commonly breaks down in service and occasionally such electrodes, being made of too soft a material, are extruded out of the pressure vessel like bullets out ofa gun.
  • the conductive rod In either type of prior art electrode discussed above the conductive rod must be strong enough at the operating temperature to resist the high pressure within the vessel. Pure copper, which has the highest conductivity of the generally available materials, cannot be used in most cases since its strength falls off very rapidly with an increase in temperature. Thus necessitates the use of an electrode of a less conductive material and having a large cross-sectional area relative to a copper electrode of the same electrical power conducting capability. Generally this substitute material, for example beryllium copper, is also more expensive than non-alloyed copper.
  • the first boss member is solid and has a substantially larger cross-sectional area than the conductive rod. Concentric with the rod, and between the first boss member nd the interior vessel surface is generally disc shaped insulating means. Concentrically encompassing the insulating means is a first sealing means to prevent the escape of the pressurized fluid through the rod passage and more importantly to prevent the buildup of fluid pressure between the first boss member and the interiorly projecting end of the conductive rod. The first sealing means is not directly exposed to the high temperature of the rod during the transmission of electric power.
  • the purpose of the first boss member is to distribute the outwardly directed force generated by the pressurized fluid against the vessel wall rather than against the inwardly projecting end of the rod. Thus substantially no end load is exerted against the rod.
  • the first boss member is adapted to receive an electrical lead from the equipment to be supplied with power inside the vessel.
  • the outer end of the conductive rod is adapted to receive an external electrical lead.
  • a second boss member is provided between the insulating means and the interior surface of the vessel.
  • the second boss member has an annular restriction in its diameter at the point where it contacts the interior surface of the vessel.
  • a second sealing means circumferentially encompasses the annular restriction to prevent the escape of the pressurized fluid through the conducting rod passage.
  • the purpose of this annular restriction is to prevent the transmission of bending effects in the vessel wall or cover due to the high pressure within the vessel to the insulating member and the first boss member.
  • the insulating member is made of a generally inflexible material, such as ceramic, and the bending forces exerted upon it should be minimized.
  • an object of the invention to provide an electrode for use with a pressure vessel wherein the electrically conductive portion of the electrode passing through the vessel wall or the vessel cover is not directly subjected to the outward pressure within the vessel but rather is shielded from the interior pressure by a boss member having a substantially large crosssectional area relative to the cross-sectional area of the conducting portion of the electrode.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of one embodiment of the invention shown mounted in a portion of a pressure vessel wall or a pressure vessel cover;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention shown mounted in a portion of a pressure vessel wall or a pressure vessel cover.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a portion of the pressure vessel 10 which may be either a portion of the vessel wall or a portion of the cover on the vessel.
  • a rod 12 of conducting material extends through a passage 14 in the vessel wall 10 to the interi-' or of the vessel. The rod projects beyond the interior surface 16 of the vessel wall 10.
  • a sleeve 18 encases the rod 12 and electrically insulates it from the vessel wall 10.
  • the interiorly projecting end 20 of the rod is threaded into a circular boss or solid reinforcing member 22 made of a high strength, electrically conductive material such as steel, which has a cross-sectional area substantially larger than the crosssectional area of the rod 12.
  • substantially larger is meant nine to 16 times a large (i.e., having a diameter three to four times the diameter of the rod).
  • the boss member has a threaded projection 24 adapted to receive a lead 26 from equipment (not shown) which is to be supplied with power within the pressure vessel.
  • an insulating member 28 Sandwiched between the boss member 22 and the vessel wall interior surface 16 is an insulating member 28 in the form of a disc.
  • the conducting rod 12 and the sleeve 18 pass through a hole 29 in the insulating disc 28.
  • the sealing ring 30 prevents the escape of the pressurized fluid through the passage 14 and the buildup of fluid pressure between the boss member 22 and the end of the rod.
  • the fluid exerts an outward force against the boss member 22 which is distributed through the insulating disc 28 against the vessel wall 10. Because the conducting rod 12 is not substantially restrained in moving in the passage 14, no compressive load is placed upon it by the pressurized fluid; the boss member 22 absorbs all of the outward force. This allows the rod to be made of a good electrical conductor, such as copper, and have a smaller cross-sectional area relative to prior art electrodes of the type which must withstand the outward pressure of the fluid.
  • the exterior end 32 of the rod 12 is threaded to receive an external power lead 34.
  • the insulating disc 28 may be made of a high strength plastic for embodiments where the pressure is significantly less than 20,000 pounds per square inch. For applications involving higher pressures the insulating disc is made of a ceramic.
  • a second embodiment in the invention is shown as comprising an electrical power lead 34 threaded upon the external end of a conducting rod 36.
  • the conducting rod 36 is encased in an insulating sleeve 38 and passes through an aperture 14 in the vessel wall 10'.
  • the conducting rod 36 and sleeve 38 project into the vessel a predetermined distance beyond the vessel wall interior surface 16'.
  • a first boss member 40 is threaded on the interiorly projecting end 42 of the rod. This first boss member 40 has a threaded projection 44 adapted to receive an electrode from the equipment to be supplied with power.
  • second boss member 46 Between the first boss member 40 and the vessel wall interior surface 16' is second boss member 46. Between the boss members 40 and 46 is an insulating member 48 made of a nonresilient, high pressure resistant material such as ceramic.
  • the insulating member 48 is generally in the shape ofa disc and is mounted co-axially about the interiorly projecting portion of the rod 36 and the sleeve 38. Co-axially encompassing the disc 48 and between the boss members 40 and 46 is an O-ring seal 50.
  • the opposed surfaces of the boss members 40 and 46 on either side of the disc 48 and the O-ring seal 50 are ground smooth to evenly distribute forces applied by the boss members to the disc and seal.
  • the boss member 46 has an annular restriction or reduction 52 in its diameter where it contacts the vessel wall interior surface 16'. Co-axially encompassing this reduction 52 is an O- ring seal 54.
  • the O-ring seals 50 and 54 prevent the escape of the pressurized fluid through the passage 14'.
  • annular restriction 52 in the diameter of the boss member 46 is to minimize the transmission of any flexing movement of the vessel wall 10' when the vessel is pressurized to the disc member 48 to prevent it from being cracked and thus becoming an imperfect insulator. It is also designed to prevent these bending moments from being applied to the conducting rod 36.
  • boss members are described as being threaded upon the conducting rod, it should be obvious that other means of attaching the conducting rod to the boss member could be substituted, provided the interiorly projecting end of the conducting rod is not exposed to the pressurized fluid.
  • the outward force of the pressurized fluid is not applied directly to the interiorly projecting end of the rod but instead is applied to a rigid reinforcing boss member made of a high strength material.
  • the conducting rod may be made of a low-strength material which is also a good electrical conductor.
  • sealing means about the aperture in the vessel wall while subjected to high pressures, is not subjected to the high temperatures generated by the passage of electrical power through the conducting rod. This allows a greater variety and economy in the use of sealing materials.
  • the temperatures generated in the rod would commonly run about 500 F. while the temperature at the seal would be 300 F. or whatever temperature at which the fluid within the vessel is maintained.
  • O-ring seals are generally available with temperature ranges up to 450 F.
  • An electrode for use with an apertured pressure vessel comprising an electrically conductive rod fitted within the aperture in the pressure vessel and projecting into the interior of the pressure vessel, an insulating sleeve encompassing the rod to prevent it from being in electrical contact with the pressure vessel, reinforcing means fitted upon the interiorly projecting end of the rod for preventing the application of an outwardly directed end load to the rod by the pressurized fluid within the vessel, the reinforcing means being electrically conductive and in electrical contact with the interiorly projecting end of the rod, insulating means between the reinforcing means and the interior surface of the vessel to prevent the reinforcing means from being in electrical contact with the interior surface of the vessel and for relieving the insulating sleeve of any outwardly directed force due to the pressurized fluid, and sealing means encircling the insulating means for preventing the pressurized fluid within the vessel from contacting the insulating sleeve and from escaping between the rod and the vessel aperture.
  • An electrode for supplying power to electrical equipment within a vessel filled with pressurized fluid comprising an electrically conductive rod, an insulating sheath encompassing the rod, the sheath and the rod projecting through an aperture in the vessel and extending a predetermined distance into the interior of the vessel, a reinforcing member fitted upon the interiorly projecting end of the rod for transmitting the outwardly directed force of the pressurized fluid to the vessel wall, the reinforcing member having a substantially larger.
  • the reinforcing member being made of an electrically conductive material and being in electrical contact with the-rod, insulating means co-axial with the rod and insulating sheath for electrically insulating the reinforcing member from the interior surface of the vessel, sealing means including an O-ring seal, encompassing the insulating means to prevent the escape of pressurized fluid through the aperture in the vessel wall.
  • An electrode for use in supplying electrical power to equipment within a vessel containing pressurized fluid comprising an electrically conductive rod, an insulating sheath encompassing the rod, the sheath and rod being fitted through an aperture in the vessel to project a predetermined distance into the interior of the vessel, a first boss member being fitted upon the interiorly projecting end of the rod, the first boss member being made of electrically conductive material and being in electrical contact with the rod, a second boss member mounted co-axially about the rod and the insulating sheath and interposed between the first boss member and the interior surface of the vessel, the second boss member having an annular restriction in its diameter at the point where it comes in contact with the interior surface of the vessel, an insulating member co-axial with the rod and interposed between the first 4.

Landscapes

  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
US100652A 1970-12-22 1970-12-22 Pressure vessel power lead-through Expired - Lifetime US3660593A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10065270A 1970-12-22 1970-12-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3660593A true US3660593A (en) 1972-05-02

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US100652A Expired - Lifetime US3660593A (en) 1970-12-22 1970-12-22 Pressure vessel power lead-through

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3660593A (fr)
BE (1) BE774611A (fr)
DE (1) DE2154184A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2119318A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1365946A (fr)
SE (1) SE384945B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975579A (en) * 1975-12-03 1976-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Conical face-seal for an electrical feedthrough
US5979692A (en) * 1998-03-13 1999-11-09 Harsco Corporation Boss for composite pressure vessel having polymeric liner
US6465729B2 (en) * 1999-05-12 2002-10-15 University Of New Hampshire Surface trace electrical feedthru for conducting electricity across a pressure envelope
US20100296261A1 (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-11-25 General Electric Company Electrical connectors for optoelectronic device packaging
US20100294526A1 (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-11-25 General Electric Company Hermetic electrical package
CN103930232A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2014-07-16 米亚基欧洲有限责任公司 用于电加工装置的、陶瓷材料做的电绝缘元件，相应的加工装置
US8852410B1 (en) * 2011-01-16 2014-10-07 Luke J. Turgeon Electrolytic hydrogen generator and method
GB2541723A (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-01 Univ Southampton Apparatus for enabling an electrical conductor to pass through a wall of a pressure vessel without compromising the vessel's pressure integrity

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113611463B (zh) * 2021-07-23 2022-11-29 保定天威保变电气股份有限公司 一种套管引线固定装置及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2019059A (en) * 1932-04-09 1935-10-29 Russell J Sherman Marine exploration apparatus
US2651672A (en) * 1949-01-20 1953-09-08 Ivanoff Victor Fluid sealing device for electrical conductors
US2838596A (en) * 1953-01-20 1958-06-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Glands for entry of submarine cables into repeater housings
US2897472A (en) * 1958-06-18 1959-07-28 William M O'brien Auxiliary terminal seal

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2019059A (en) * 1932-04-09 1935-10-29 Russell J Sherman Marine exploration apparatus
US2651672A (en) * 1949-01-20 1953-09-08 Ivanoff Victor Fluid sealing device for electrical conductors
US2838596A (en) * 1953-01-20 1958-06-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Glands for entry of submarine cables into repeater housings
US2897472A (en) * 1958-06-18 1959-07-28 William M O'brien Auxiliary terminal seal

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975579A (en) * 1975-12-03 1976-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Conical face-seal for an electrical feedthrough
US5979692A (en) * 1998-03-13 1999-11-09 Harsco Corporation Boss for composite pressure vessel having polymeric liner
US6465729B2 (en) * 1999-05-12 2002-10-15 University Of New Hampshire Surface trace electrical feedthru for conducting electricity across a pressure envelope
US20100296261A1 (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-11-25 General Electric Company Electrical connectors for optoelectronic device packaging
US20100294526A1 (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-11-25 General Electric Company Hermetic electrical package
US8427845B2 (en) 2009-05-21 2013-04-23 General Electric Company Electrical connectors for optoelectronic device packaging
US8852410B1 (en) * 2011-01-16 2014-10-07 Luke J. Turgeon Electrolytic hydrogen generator and method
CN103930232A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2014-07-16 米亚基欧洲有限责任公司 用于电加工装置的、陶瓷材料做的电绝缘元件，相应的加工装置
GB2541723A (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-01 Univ Southampton Apparatus for enabling an electrical conductor to pass through a wall of a pressure vessel without compromising the vessel's pressure integrity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE384945B (sv) 1976-05-24
FR2119318A5 (fr) 1972-08-04
DE2154184A1 (de) 1972-07-13
GB1365946A (en) 1974-09-04
BE774611A (fr) 1972-04-28

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