US3659659A - Large diameter bit with a replaceable stem - Google Patents

Large diameter bit with a replaceable stem Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3659659A
US3659659A US8582A US3659659DA US3659659A US 3659659 A US3659659 A US 3659659A US 8582 A US8582 A US 8582A US 3659659D A US3659659D A US 3659659DA US 3659659 A US3659659 A US 3659659A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bit
stem
multiplicity
pilot hole
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US8582A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carl L Lichte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tamrock Canada Inc
Original Assignee
Dresser Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dresser Industries Inc filed Critical Dresser Industries Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3659659A publication Critical patent/US3659659A/en
Assigned to TAMROCK CANADA INC., A CORP. OF ONTARIO, CANADA reassignment TAMROCK CANADA INC., A CORP. OF ONTARIO, CANADA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DRESSER INDUSTRIES, INC., A DE. CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/10—Roller bits with roller axle supported at both ends
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/28—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with non-expansible roller cutters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art of earth boring and more particularly to a rotary bit for drilling large diameter holes.
  • the drilling of a large diameter hole may be accomplished by drilling a small pilot hole through the formations from a first location to an.opening at a second location and subsequently enlarging the hole to the desired size by a reaming operation. After the pilot hole is completed, the pilot bit is removed and a large diameter bit attached to the drill column. As the large diameter bit is rotated and moved along the pilot hole it enlarges the pilot hole to the desired size.
  • the large diameter bit has a central body made up of a plurality of stages, each stage having a larger diameter than the previous stage. Individual cutters are mounted on each stage for disintegrating the formations as the bit is rotated and moved along the pilot hole.
  • the bit is attached to a rotary drill column by a stern mounted along the central axis of the bit.
  • the large diameter bit should have a large mass in order to include adequate strength and rigidity. It must operate smoothly, without excessive vibrations and should tend to follow the pilot hole. Cutters should be positioned in a way that will inherently preserve a balanced mass and also cancel the drilling forces by balancing one force against another. A carefully balanced bit will exhibit a longer life and will drill a true hole.
  • Prior art bits have only been partially successful in accomplishing these objectives. Assuming that it was possible to produce a perfect bit, the bit would still have to drill a heterogeneous rock formation and the bit body and stem would be subjected to great loads with high shock. The stem functions as a pilot to guide the bit along the pilot hole and is subjected to severe abrasive wear, high tensile and torque loads, and high bending stresses during drilling.
  • the present invention provides a large diameter bit for reaming a pilot hole into a large diameter hole by rotating and drawing the large diameter bit along the pilot hole.
  • the tremendous stress and wear encountered in the reaming operation causes some elements to wear out much earlier than others, notably the cutters and stem.
  • the bit of the present invention allows the elements that have a relatively short lifetime to be replaced, thereby extending the lifetime of the bit and reducing cost.
  • the stem is replaceable as well as individual cutters; this allows the elements that receive the greatest stress and wear'to be readily replaced.
  • the relatively short lifetime of the individual cutters results from their nearly constant contact with the formations and the consequent exposure to wear and abuse.
  • the stem also contacts the formations and receives a great deal of wear and abuse.
  • One embodiment of this invention includes a stabilizer section on the replaceable stem.
  • This stabilizer is approximately the same diameter as the pilot hole and consequently is exposed to a great deal of stress.
  • the stem and stabilizer may be removed and a new stem and stabilizer inserted in their place.
  • the stem absorbs a large amount of stress because itis'thesingle link between the drill column and the body of the bit. All energy from the rotary equipment is transmitted to the bit through the stern.
  • the pilot hole tends to wander which results in a series of curves over the length of the pilot hole.
  • the outside radius of the large diameter bit may be many times greater than the radius of the pilot hole, therefore, the moment developed is great.
  • the stem must be constructed of material that will stand up under these conditions. Such material is expensive and any reduction in the amount of this material in the bit results in a cost savings.
  • the bit of this invention allows separate processing for the body of the bit and the stem.
  • the stem may be manufactured from high strength material whereas the body may include'low strength and therefore less expensive materials. Manufacturing costs of the bit of this invention are also less than in the prior art because the joining and alignment procedures are less.
  • the bit of this invention consists of a multiplicity of stages. Each stage is of an increasingly larger diameter and carries a multiplicity of cutters thereby insuring that all portions of the formations will be acted upon to form the large diameter hole.
  • the graduated stages provide stability to the bit during drilling and prevent wandering.
  • the individual cutters are mounted on plates that are centered and extend perpendicular to the central axis of the bit. The plates are separated by hollow support sections.
  • the stem is removably attached to the first stage along the central axis of the bit.
  • the multiplicity of stages gives the body of the bit a degree of stiffness not found in bits of the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a bit of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the replaceable stem of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a bit of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 a series of plates 10, 11 and 12 are separated by hollow cylindrical sections 13 and 14. Plates 10, 11 and 12 are firmly afi'lxed to sections 13 and 14 by suitable means such as welding or a series of bolts.
  • the first drilling stage includes a series of four cutters 15 mounted in a corresponding series of saddles 16.
  • the saddles 16 are firmly affixed to plate 10. While four saddles and cutters are shown for illustration purposes, it is to be understood that a difi'erent number of saddles and cutters may be used without departing from the invention. The basic requirement is that the bit remain balanced.
  • the cutters 15 are rolling cutters and are removably mounted in saddles 16. An example of this type of cutter is shown in U. S. Pat. No. 3,203,492 to C. L. Lichte, patented Aug. 31, 1965. t
  • the second drilling stage includes a series of four cutters 17 mounted in a corresponding series of saddles 18 similar to the cutter and saddle arrangement described in conjunction with the first drilling stage.
  • the cutters 17 are mounted at a greater distance from the central axis 19 than are cutters 15 of the first drilling stage in order to insure that all portions of the formations are disintegrated.
  • the third drilling stage is similar to the previous two drilling stages except that cutters 20 and saddles 21 are mounted a greater distance from the central axis.
  • the bit provides a number of drilling stages, each stage progressively increasingin diameter. As the bit is rotated and drawn along a pilot hole the pilot hole is enlarged in diameter to the desired size. It can be appreciated that additional stages may be added to the bit to produce an even larger diameter hole.
  • Plates 10, 11 and 12 and cylindrical elements 13 and 14 provide strength and stiffness to the bit without requiring the high strength and therefore expensive materials used in the stem 22. It can also be appreciated that the bit of this invention places a greater portion of the mass of the bit near the drilling surfaces than bits of the prior art and is consequently a better performing bit. The bit must maintain its alignment and shape during drilling because any change would create an unbalanced condition and consequently introduce damaging stresses. The bit of this invention accomplishes this objective and provides a stronger and more reliable bit than those of the prior art.
  • Stern 22 includes conventional means, such as a threaded connection 24, for connecting the bit to drilling column 23.
  • Stem 22 extends into the bit and is attached thereto.
  • the stem 22 may be firmly attached to the body of the bit by suitable means such as welding.
  • stem 22 may be welded to plates 11 and 12 thereby firmly affixing it to the body of the bit.
  • the welds may be cut and stem 22 removed.
  • Other suitable means of removably attaching the stem to the main bit body are contemplated.
  • the stem 22 may have a threaded section that mates with threads on one of the plates, or the stem 22 may be bolted to the body of the bit. 7
  • the bit of this invention provides a substantial cost savings because the amount of high strength, high cost materials required is less than in prior art bits.
  • the stem 22, may be processed separate from the main body and subsequently attached which reduces manufacturing costs by eliminating the complicated joining and alignment processes.
  • the main body of the bit may. be used to enlarge different sized pilot holes bylirs in g'a stem with a diameter that matches that of the pilot hole.
  • Stem 25 includes means 26 for connection tothe drill column and a stabilizer section 27.
  • the stabilizer section 27 insures that the bit follows the pilot hole and prevents the bit from moving around as drilling progresses.
  • Stabilizer section 27 receives most of the wear from engagement with the pilot hole.
  • a multiplicity of compacts 28 may be inserted on stabilizer section 27 to receive the wear and to insure continuity in drilling.
  • Stem 25 may be attached and removed from the main body of the bit by a threaded connection 29 or by other suitable means such as those previously explained in connection with FIG. 11
  • a removable stem 30 may be attached to a rotary drill column 31 by threaded connection 32.
  • a first drilling stage includes a series of four cutters 33.
  • the cutters 33 are supported by stem 30 and plate 34.
  • Mounted on plate 34 are four support elements 35.
  • Elements 35 support one end of roller cutters 33.
  • the other end of roller cutters 33 is supported by four support elements 36 mounted on stem 30.
  • Plate 34 fits on stem 30 and is welded thereto or attached thereto by other suitable means.
  • a hollow support element 37 is attached to plate 34 and a plate 38 is attached to the other end of hollow support element 37.
  • Stem 30 is also attached to plate 38 by welding or some other suitable means.
  • Plate 38 supports cutters 39 mounted in saddles 40.
  • a second hollow support element 41 is attached to plate 38 and a plate 42 is attached to the other end of hollow support element.
  • Plate 42 supports a series of cutters '43 mounted in a corresponding series of saddles 44.
  • Plate 42 includes an opening 45 to provide access to the connection between stem 30 and plate 34. This allows thestem 30 to be easily attached and removed from the body of the bit.
  • a bit for enlarging a pilot hole into a large diameter hole by disintegrating the earth formation surrounding the pilot hole comprising:
  • a main bit body including a multiplicity of drilling stages for contacting and disintegrating the earth formation surrounding the pilot hole wherein said multiplicity of drilling stages consist of a multiplicity of plates separated by and attached to a multiplicity of. hollow support elements and a multiplicity of saddles with cutters mounted in said saddles, said saddles and cutters mounted on said plates; and y a stem for extending through said pilot hole that is removably connected to at least two drilling stages of said main bit body.
  • the bit of claim 1 including first means for removably connecting said stem to one of said multiplicity of plates and second means for removably connecting said stem to another of said plates.
  • a main bit body including a first plate
  • a stern removably connected to both of said plates, for attaching said bit to said rotary drill column.
  • the bit of claim 5 including an opening in said third plate to provide access to said second plate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
US8582A 1970-02-04 1970-02-04 Large diameter bit with a replaceable stem Expired - Lifetime US3659659A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US858270A 1970-02-04 1970-02-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3659659A true US3659659A (en) 1972-05-02

Family

ID=21732428

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US8582A Expired - Lifetime US3659659A (en) 1970-02-04 1970-02-04 Large diameter bit with a replaceable stem

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3659659A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5227602B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA943531A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2105899A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2079237B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1330415A (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA71514B (enExample)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3902562A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-09-02 Hughes Tool Co Segmented earth boring drill bit
US3917009A (en) * 1974-09-16 1975-11-04 Dresser Ind Removable stem for raise bits
US4036313A (en) * 1975-07-03 1977-07-19 Smith International, Inc. Mounting for inboard cutters on a raise drill
US4049067A (en) * 1975-11-05 1977-09-20 Ingersoll-Rand Company Cutter mounting extension apparatus
US4182422A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-01-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Large diameter bit with bridge mounted drive stem
US4274496A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-06-23 Sandvik Aktiebolag Method and device in earth cutting
US20110038679A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Ira Kozak Adjustable step drill bit

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1019342A5 (nl) 2010-05-20 2012-06-05 Dispack Projects Nv Vat uit kunststof, werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan, en ring voor een vat.
CN107310060B (zh) * 2017-08-23 2019-03-12 鲁东大学 一种水钻开孔支架

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1701427A (en) * 1927-02-23 1929-02-05 Bert Russell Rotary drilling and reaming tool organization
US2775439A (en) * 1951-03-21 1956-12-25 Timothy F Mccarthy Cutter head for driving crosscuts
US2819040A (en) * 1956-07-13 1958-01-07 Eastman Oil Well Survey Co Deflecting tool
US3231029A (en) * 1963-10-28 1966-01-25 Robbins & Assoc James S Articulated drilling shafts for raise drilling
US3285355A (en) * 1964-02-17 1966-11-15 Smith Ind International Inc Large diameter well-drilling bit

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1150035B (de) * 1956-04-16 1963-06-12 Nuesse & Graefer K G Maschf Verfahren zum Erweitern durchschlaegiger Bohrungen groesserer Durchmesser im Gestein
FR1312362A (fr) * 1962-01-25 1962-12-14 Dispositif de forage à rouleaux

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1701427A (en) * 1927-02-23 1929-02-05 Bert Russell Rotary drilling and reaming tool organization
US2775439A (en) * 1951-03-21 1956-12-25 Timothy F Mccarthy Cutter head for driving crosscuts
US2819040A (en) * 1956-07-13 1958-01-07 Eastman Oil Well Survey Co Deflecting tool
US3231029A (en) * 1963-10-28 1966-01-25 Robbins & Assoc James S Articulated drilling shafts for raise drilling
US3285355A (en) * 1964-02-17 1966-11-15 Smith Ind International Inc Large diameter well-drilling bit

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3902562A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-09-02 Hughes Tool Co Segmented earth boring drill bit
US3917009A (en) * 1974-09-16 1975-11-04 Dresser Ind Removable stem for raise bits
US4036313A (en) * 1975-07-03 1977-07-19 Smith International, Inc. Mounting for inboard cutters on a raise drill
US4049067A (en) * 1975-11-05 1977-09-20 Ingersoll-Rand Company Cutter mounting extension apparatus
US4182422A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-01-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Large diameter bit with bridge mounted drive stem
US4274496A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-06-23 Sandvik Aktiebolag Method and device in earth cutting
US20110038679A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Ira Kozak Adjustable step drill bit
US8622666B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2014-01-07 Combined Producers Co. #1 Inc. Adjustable step drill bit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1330415A (en) 1973-09-19
CA943531A (en) 1974-03-12
FR2079237B1 (enExample) 1975-02-21
JPS5227602B1 (enExample) 1977-07-21
FR2079237A1 (enExample) 1971-11-12
DE2105899A1 (de) 1971-08-12
ZA71514B (en) 1971-11-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3821993A (en) Auger arrangement
US4231437A (en) Combined stabilizer and reamer for drilling well bores
US3575247A (en) Diamond bit unit
US3659659A (en) Large diameter bit with a replaceable stem
US6386302B1 (en) Polycrystaline diamond compact insert reaming tool
US3833077A (en) Diamond drills
US5010967A (en) Milling apparatus with replaceable blades
US4787464A (en) Variable rake mine tool insert and method of use
US4333364A (en) Method for manufacturing a rotary drill bit having a solid forged, unitary body
NO761793L (enExample)
US3750767A (en) Rolling cutter mounting in big hole reaming bit
EP1794405B1 (en) Rotary drill bit having cutting insert with a notch
US2626128A (en) Drill bit
US3659660A (en) Large diameter bit for shallow angle holes
US3680647A (en) Wall contacting tool
US4228863A (en) Reamer bit for raise boring
US3917009A (en) Removable stem for raise bits
US2522045A (en) Bit for rock drilling
US3640356A (en) Diamond bit
US3920089A (en) Removable stem for raise bit
US3306379A (en) Roller reamer
US3924697A (en) Excavating tool
US3633691A (en) Large-diameter earth boring bit
US3705635A (en) Large diameter earth boring bit
US4380271A (en) Earth auger with removable cutting tooth support structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: TAMROCK CANADA INC., A CORP. OF ONTARIO, CANADA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DRESSER INDUSTRIES, INC., A DE. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004634/0252

Effective date: 19860909