US3659556A - Programmable toner dispenser - Google Patents

Programmable toner dispenser Download PDF

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Publication number
US3659556A
US3659556A US65052A US3659556DA US3659556A US 3659556 A US3659556 A US 3659556A US 65052 A US65052 A US 65052A US 3659556D A US3659556D A US 3659556DA US 3659556 A US3659556 A US 3659556A
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United States
Prior art keywords
toner
container
dispensing
developer material
image
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US65052A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward Charles Mutschler
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0805—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a brush
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0848—Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability
    • G03G15/0849—Detection or control means for the developer concentration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0887—Arrangements for conveying and conditioning developer in the developing unit, e.g. agitating, removing impurities or humidity
    • G03G15/0889—Arrangements for conveying and conditioning developer in the developing unit, e.g. agitating, removing impurities or humidity for agitation or stirring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/50—Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control
    • G03G15/5033—Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control by measuring the photoconductor characteristics, e.g. temperature, or the characteristics of an image on the photoconductor
    • G03G15/5041—Detecting a toner image, e.g. density, toner coverage, using a test patch

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A dispenser for replenishing the toner portion of a mixture of toner and carrier, the mixture developing a latent image formed on an image-bearing surface.
  • a container including spaced-apart side walls is positioned adjacent a rotatable member, the bottom of the side walls being shaped to fit the curvature of the member.
  • the toner is introduced into the container and is dispensed as the member is rotated and at a rate proportional to its speed.
  • the amount of toner dispensed is dependent on the density of the developed image and/or the image printing rate.
  • Developers which comprise, in general, a mixture of suitable pigmented or dyed electrostatic powder, hereinafter referred to as toner, and a granular carrier material which functions to carry and to generate triboelectric charges on the toner.
  • toner a mixture of suitable pigmented or dyed electrostatic powder
  • a granular carrier material which functions to carry and to generate triboelectric charges on the toner.
  • the toner powder is brought into surface contact with the coating and is held thereon electrostatically in a pattern corresponding to the electrostatic latent image.
  • the developed image is usually transferred to a support material which may be fixed in any suitable means.
  • character shaped electrodes rather than light patterns are used to record latent electrostatic images.
  • the latent electrostatic images are produced by electrically pulsing symbol shaped electrode elements or an array of electrode pins which are brought in close proximity to an insulating surface, such as a web of insulating material.
  • the images may be developed in the manner described hereinabove with reference to the xerographic process.
  • the toner particles which are many times smaller than the carrier particles, adhere to and coat the surface of the carrier particles due to the electrostatic attraction therebetween.
  • toner particles are pulled away from the carrier by the charged image and deposited on the plate to form a powder image, while the partially denuded carrier particles pass ofi the drum.
  • additional toner particles must be supplied to the developing material mixture in proportion to the amount of toner deposited on the drum.
  • a toner dispenser is generally provided to replenish the toner manually or automatically.
  • the rate at which toner is consumed in the developing operation depends both upon the amount of developing material cascaded onto the drum for development of the electrostatic latent image and on the area of the electrostatic latent image to be developed.
  • toner dispensing device which is capable of widely variable toning rates. It is also desirable that the toner dispensing device avoid many of the problems associated with prior art devices.
  • the amount of toner present in the developing system affects the quality of copy produced. If there is an excess of toner, non-image areas will pick up toner producing undesirable background. If there is a deficiency of toner in the system,
  • 3,376,853 discloses a toner concentration control system in the image will not be fully developed and the copy will be weak and light.
  • the quantity of toner powder in the developing material must be varied by adding toner to the developing material in proportion to the amount of toner deposited on the surface to be developed.
  • a conductive plate within a developer housing is used to sense the amount of toner in the housing. Some of the developing material is directed across the conductive plate which is charged by the toner particles and this charge is utilized to charge a capacitor, the discharge of which serves to produce a control signal.
  • the control signal is generated when the amplitude of the signal produced by the toner is below a pre-set level and causes toner particles to be introduced into the machine dispensing system.
  • the amount of toner dispensed into the developing housing is in accordance with the density of a developed image upon a xerographic plate.
  • a test or comparison electrostatic image is formed or, used in conjunction with xerographic plate. This image is developed along with the image of a document being reproduced by the xerographic machine.
  • a sensing device in the form of a photocell is also provided for receiving light rays reflected from the developed comparison image and this serves to control current flow in a control circuit.
  • a relay is arranged in the circuit and is adapted to connect a toner dispenser motor to a source of electrical power.
  • a mechanical device is activated which imparts repeated or intermittent actuations to a control plate for V dispensing toner into the developer housing.
  • the present invention provides apparatus for dispensing toner into a mixture of carrier and toner at a rate that is programmable.
  • a toner container including spaced-apart side walls is positioned adjacent a rotatable member, the bottom of the sidewalls being shaped to fit the curvature of the rotatable member.
  • Toner is introduced into the top of the container and is dispensed, or carried, on the surface of the rotatable member into the developer material mixture.
  • the toner dispensing rate is proportional to the speed and the amount dispensed varies as the number of revolutions of the rotatable member.
  • the speed of the rotatable member may be dependent upon the density of the developed image and/or the rate of image printing.
  • the rotatable member is partially enveloped by the developer material to enable denuded carrier particles to remove the toner formed on the surface of the rotatable member to complete the dispensing cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of apparatus for dispensing toner in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of control circuitry for controlling the amount of toner dispensed in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1', and
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of control circuitry for controlling the amount of toner dispensed in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • a latent electrostatic charge pattern is placed upon layer of drum 11 by any conventional technique.
  • the latent electrostatic charge pattern may be formed by the basic xerographic process as described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691.
  • A]- ternately, character shaped electrodes as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,045,587, rather than light patterns may be used to deposit latent electrostatic images, or characters on layer 10.
  • the latent electrostatic images in the latter technique are produced by electrically pulsing the character shaped electrodes or an array of electrode pins which are brought into close proximity to layer 10.
  • Layer 10 in the latter embodiment may comprise an insulator, such as MYLAR, a polyester film sold by the E. I. duPont deNemours Corporation and comprising a film or thin sheet of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • an insulator such as MYLAR
  • a polyester film sold by the E. I. duPont deNemours Corporation comprising a film or thin sheet of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • photoconductive insulating layers such as amorphous selenium, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and phthalocyanine in a binder may be utilized.
  • Other insulating materials which have the capability of retaining electrostatic charge for a predetermined period of time when charge is applied thereon may be utilized as layer 10 such as polystyrene polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, acrylic polymers, plastic coated paper, pre-dried uncoated papers or any other suitable insulating sheet material.
  • a development member 12 such as a fibrous brush, rotates about shaft 14 and is mounted on suitable support means.
  • the fibrous brush picks up developer material and applies it to the latent electrostatic characters, or images, on layer 10, thereby developing the images.
  • a transfer donor roller 16 rotates on shaft 18 and is mounted to a suitable support means so that a portion of its surface is in contact with developer material 22 contained in housing 20.
  • the toner, transfer donor roller surface and the fibrous member may be selected from materials arranged in the triboelectric series as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,251,706 in order that the toner will readily adhere to the transfer donor roller and in turn can be picked up by the fibrous member.
  • the toner, transfer donor roller surface and the fibrous member are arranged in a triboelectric series with positive polarity (the fibrous member) at the top and negative polarity (the toner) at the bottom or vice versa depending on the toner polarity desired.
  • any material placed in contact with another which is below it in the triboelectric series will become positively charged and the material below it in the series will become negatively charged.
  • the electroscopic powder must be charged negatively by contact with a brush material which is above it in the series. The negative electroscopic particles will then be deposited upon the positively charged image by electrical attraction.
  • the electrostatic transfer described hereinabove may be replaced by mechanical transfer of the developer material by utilizing the metal surface of the transfer donor roller surface, the toner being chosen to charge negatively with the fibrous member.
  • the toner contained within housing is depleted.
  • a novel toner dispenser 30 comprises two main parts; a hopper or container 32 and a rotatable member 34, such as a cylindrical drum.
  • the hopper 32 includes spaced-apart side walls 36 and 38 and in the embodiment illustrated, is a bottomless rectangular box with a hinged lid 40.
  • the bottom of the hopper 32 is shaped to fit the curvature of drum 34 to prevent toner particles from escaping therefrom. Clearance between the bottom of hopper 32 and the drum 34 is provided so that the drum 34 may freely rotate. A clearance of approximately 0.015 inches has been successfully utilized. Toner is introduced into hopper 32 when hinged lid 40 is opened.
  • Drum 34 when driven by motor 42, dispenses a thin layer of toner, due to centripetal forces, as drum 34 is rotated.
  • the thickness of the dispensed layer is equal to the clearance between the hopper and drum.
  • the toner dispensing rate is proportional to the speed of the drum and therefore the total amount of toner dispensed varies as the number of revolutions of the drum.
  • the side walls 36 and 38 are wider at the bottom than at the top. This keeps the toner aerated and free flowing and prevents compactation of the toner.
  • Drum 34 is located in the developer material 22 so that depleted carrier particles circulate around its bottom surface thereby wiping off the toner to complete the toner dispensing action.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a specific embodiment of energy source 46 whereby drum 34 is intermittently rotated at a constant speed dependent upon the image density whereas FIG. 3 illustrates another embodirnent of energy source 46 whereby drum 34 is intermit' tently rotated at a constant speed dependent upon the image, or character, printing rate.
  • An agitator 48 may be provided for creating a turbulence in the developer material for preventing caking or agglomeration of the toner and to provide a continuous supply of developer material to the donor roller 16.
  • an auger drive system 50 is provided.
  • the auger drive system comprises auger 52, gearing mechanism 54, and motor 56 for driving gearing mechanism 54.
  • the gearing mechanism 54 is coupled to auger 52, the rotation of auger 52 transporting the replenished developer material from the area of drum 34 to the area of housing 20 adjacent donor roller 16.
  • layer 10 is illustrated as being formed on drum 11, it is obvious that layer 10 could comprise a sheet or web which is transported past brush 12.
  • a magnetic brush instead of the fibrous, or fur, brush described hereinabove may be utilized if the latent image is of a negative polarity.
  • an iron powder which is low in the triboelectric series, is mixed with a low melting pigment resin toner high in the series, which donates electrons to the iron powder, the toner taking on a positive electrostatic charge. The mixture is picked up by the magnetic brush and is swept across the surface of layer 10 to transfer the toner to the negative electrostatic latent image on the surface of layer 10.
  • the magnetic brush is generally composed of a mass of very small iron particles which tend to link up into fibers in the presence of a magnetic field.
  • the iron bristles of the magnetic brush orient themselves along the lines of magnetic force forming a structure which plays the same role as the fibers of the fur brush.
  • the brush is formed of the charged toner particles clinging in random fashion to the iron particle bristles.
  • the developing action of the magnetic brush is similar to the fur brush.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown one embodiment of the energization means 46 shown in FIG. 1 wherein the amount of toner dispensed is dependent on the density of the developed image on layer 10.
  • the sensing device 60 includes a lamp shield and a lamp L-l which when energized, is adapted to project light rays onto a portion of the developed image on the drum surface at an angle relative thereto.
  • the sensing device 60 also includes a photocell P-l which is adapted to scan the light rays reflected from the drum surface directed thereon by the light rays emanating from the lamp L-l. The relative positioning of the photocell is such that it will receive light rays reflected from a portion of the developed image.
  • Suitable support means may be utilized for mounting the lamp and photocell adjacent drum 11.
  • the amount of light reaching the photocell is determined by the density of the developed electrostatic image as it is scanned by the photocell.
  • the output of the photocell is proportional to the amount of light reaching the photocell.
  • the output of the photocell is coupled to input terminal 70.
  • Capacitor 72 is coupled across terminal 70 and stores a small amount of electrical charge corresponding to the output of photocell 60.
  • a grounded resistor 71 shunts capacitor 72 via switch 74, switch 74 being in the open position. Switch 74 is controlled by relay 76 in a manner described hereinbelow.
  • Capacitor 72 is coupled to signal sensor, or threshold device, 80 which in turn is connected to amplifier 82.
  • Amplifier 82 is utilized to amplify the signal produced by the threshold device 80 and to drive or energize relay 86 having a normally open switch S-l associated therewith. Upon energization of the relay 86, switch S-l closes and source of potential energizes motor 42, thereby rotating member 34 and dispensing toner in a manner described hereinabove.
  • the charge built up on capacitor 72 is discharged into threshold device 80, the device being selected to generate an output signal when the capacitor discharge, or input signal, applied thereto is beyond a pre-set adjustable level corresponding to a predetermined image density.
  • a pre-set adjustable level corresponding to a predetermined image density.
  • an output signal is not produced by the threshold device 80.
  • the output signal is applied to relay 86 via amplifier 82, closing switch S-1 and energizing motor 42. Energization of motor 42 rotates member 34, thereby dispensing toner in small evenly spaced quantities which will effect the density of the developed image in the matter of a few dispensing cycles.
  • Relay 76 is operated by applying a pulse thereto, the pulse being generated (by means not shown) for each increment of rotation of the rotatable member 34.
  • switch 74 is closed, and a small amount of charge on capacitor 72 is discharged to ground via resistor 71.
  • Motor 42 operates intermittently at a constant speed, a speed slightly greater than that needed to supply toner at the highest likely demand rate.
  • the light source L-l is connected to a suitable battery 66 with a manually actuable on-off switch 68 for the lamp.
  • the light source is arranged at an angle relative to the axis of the photocell so that their respective axis intercept on the surface of layer 10.
  • FIG. 3 a second embodiment of the energization means 46 shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated wherein the amount of toner dispensed is also dependent on a desired, or predetermined image density.
  • the measured, or actual, image density on the surface of layer is selected to be dependent on the character printing rate.
  • the control circuitry shown in FIG. 3 is substantially identical to the circuitry shown in FIG. 2, the input to terminal 70 being different in each case.
  • an electrical pulse is generated for each character printed and applied to input terminal 70, capacitor 72 storing a small amount of electrical charge for each character printed.
  • the control circuitry operates on the input signal applied to terminal in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 2. The fact that image density is related to the character printing rate is obvious since toner is depleted as each characteris developed.
  • a toner dispensing device for use in apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images formed on a surface, said apparatus including means for applying developer materialto said images thereby producing powdered images on said surface comprising:
  • said dispensing means comprising a rotatable member adjacent the bottom of said toner container, said rotatable member being cylindrically shaped and the bottom of said container being shaped to fit the curvature of said cylindrical member, the rotation of said member dispensing said toner to said developer material,
  • a system for developing latent electrostatic images formed on an image-bearing surface including means for applying developer material to said images thereby producing developed images on said surface comprising:
  • a toner container said container including first and second spaced apart side walls and an opening at the bottom of said container for allowing toner to exit therefrom, the bottom of said toner container being shaped to fit the curvature of a cylindrically shaped member positioned adjacent thereto, and the space between said side walls being greater at the bottom of said side walls than at the top,
  • said dispensing means comprising a rotatable cylindrical member positioned adjacent said bottom opening,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
US65052A 1970-08-19 1970-08-19 Programmable toner dispenser Expired - Lifetime US3659556A (en)

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US6505270A 1970-08-19 1970-08-19

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US (1) US3659556A (ca)
BE (1) BE771423A (ca)
CA (1) CA936681A (ca)
DE (1) DE2141677A1 (ca)
FR (1) FR2102375B1 (ca)
GB (1) GB1358448A (ca)
NL (1) NL7111221A (ca)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764208A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-10-09 Canon Kk Developing device for use in electrophotographic copying machines
US3924462A (en) * 1971-08-06 1975-12-09 Hoechst Ag Method of measuring the toner concentration of a developer circulating in an electrophotographic reproduction machine
US3928764A (en) * 1972-06-02 1975-12-23 Hoechst Ag Method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the toner concentration in electrophotographic reproduction machines
US3985098A (en) * 1975-01-20 1976-10-12 Itek Corporation Toner dispensing apparatus
US4026241A (en) * 1974-06-04 1977-05-31 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Magnetic brush developing device for use in electrophotographic copying apparatus
US4075977A (en) * 1977-01-12 1978-02-28 Eastman Kodak Company Mixing hopper for magnetic brush developing apparatus
US4108658A (en) * 1974-03-11 1978-08-22 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Process for developing electrostatic latent images
US4235189A (en) * 1977-11-26 1980-11-25 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Apparatus for applying pulverulent coloring matter to webs of cigarette paper or the like
US4260073A (en) * 1978-08-23 1981-04-07 International Business Machines Corporation Virgin toner and used toner supply apparatus and method
US4348100A (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-09-07 Xerox Corporation Control for xerographic system
EP0071415A3 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-07-20 Xerox Corporation Particle dispensing apparatus
US4397546A (en) * 1982-01-18 1983-08-09 Xerox Corporation Particle dispensing system
EP0130832A3 (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-04-10 Xerox Corporation A multispeed development system
US4553033A (en) * 1983-08-24 1985-11-12 Xerox Corporation Infrared reflectance densitometer
US4666283A (en) * 1983-04-12 1987-05-19 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrostatic copying apparatus
US4682874A (en) * 1981-11-19 1987-07-28 Xerox Corporation Particle level indicator
US4711551A (en) * 1985-09-13 1987-12-08 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus
WO1988009529A1 (en) * 1987-05-21 1988-12-01 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for controlling toner replenishment in electrostatographic
US4926217A (en) * 1986-08-11 1990-05-15 Xerox Corporation Particle transport
US5386225A (en) * 1991-01-24 1995-01-31 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus for adjusting density of an image on a recording medium
US20070253744A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2007-11-01 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Device and method for the replacement of expired developer

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2410188B2 (de) * 1974-03-04 1979-04-19 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entwicklung elektrostatischer Bilder
FR3120720B1 (fr) 2021-03-11 2023-02-10 Psa Automobiles Sa Véhicule automobile affichant sur un écran dudit véhicule, des interfaces graphiques d’aide à la conduite

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US3103445A (en) * 1963-09-10 Method of developing an electrostatic
US3273016A (en) * 1964-04-23 1966-09-13 Oxy Dry Sprayer Corp Powder sprayers
US3409901A (en) * 1967-07-12 1968-11-05 Ibm Automatic toner concentration control for use with crt input
US3527651A (en) * 1966-10-20 1970-09-08 Addressograph Multigraph Method of and apparatus for developing electrostatic images
US3529546A (en) * 1967-07-12 1970-09-22 Ibm Printing substance control

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3103445A (en) * 1963-09-10 Method of developing an electrostatic
US3273016A (en) * 1964-04-23 1966-09-13 Oxy Dry Sprayer Corp Powder sprayers
US3527651A (en) * 1966-10-20 1970-09-08 Addressograph Multigraph Method of and apparatus for developing electrostatic images
US3409901A (en) * 1967-07-12 1968-11-05 Ibm Automatic toner concentration control for use with crt input
US3529546A (en) * 1967-07-12 1970-09-22 Ibm Printing substance control

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
Cross, Hider & Medley, Magnetic Brush Developer, Vol. 9 No. 9 February 1967, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin. *
R. M. Schaffert, Development of Electrostatic Images, Vol. 4 No. 10 March 1962, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin. *

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764208A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-10-09 Canon Kk Developing device for use in electrophotographic copying machines
US3924462A (en) * 1971-08-06 1975-12-09 Hoechst Ag Method of measuring the toner concentration of a developer circulating in an electrophotographic reproduction machine
US3928764A (en) * 1972-06-02 1975-12-23 Hoechst Ag Method and apparatus for measuring and controlling the toner concentration in electrophotographic reproduction machines
US4108658A (en) * 1974-03-11 1978-08-22 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Process for developing electrostatic latent images
US4026241A (en) * 1974-06-04 1977-05-31 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Magnetic brush developing device for use in electrophotographic copying apparatus
US3985098A (en) * 1975-01-20 1976-10-12 Itek Corporation Toner dispensing apparatus
US4075977A (en) * 1977-01-12 1978-02-28 Eastman Kodak Company Mixing hopper for magnetic brush developing apparatus
US4235189A (en) * 1977-11-26 1980-11-25 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Apparatus for applying pulverulent coloring matter to webs of cigarette paper or the like
US4260073A (en) * 1978-08-23 1981-04-07 International Business Machines Corporation Virgin toner and used toner supply apparatus and method
US4348100A (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-09-07 Xerox Corporation Control for xerographic system
EP0071415A3 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-07-20 Xerox Corporation Particle dispensing apparatus
US4682874A (en) * 1981-11-19 1987-07-28 Xerox Corporation Particle level indicator
US4397546A (en) * 1982-01-18 1983-08-09 Xerox Corporation Particle dispensing system
US4666283A (en) * 1983-04-12 1987-05-19 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrostatic copying apparatus
EP0130832A3 (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-04-10 Xerox Corporation A multispeed development system
US4537495A (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-08-27 Zerox Corporation Multispeed development system
US4553033A (en) * 1983-08-24 1985-11-12 Xerox Corporation Infrared reflectance densitometer
US4711551A (en) * 1985-09-13 1987-12-08 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus
US4926217A (en) * 1986-08-11 1990-05-15 Xerox Corporation Particle transport
WO1988009529A1 (en) * 1987-05-21 1988-12-01 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for controlling toner replenishment in electrostatographic
US5386225A (en) * 1991-01-24 1995-01-31 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image recording apparatus for adjusting density of an image on a recording medium
US20070253744A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2007-11-01 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Device and method for the replacement of expired developer
US7437106B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2008-10-14 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Device and method for the replacement of expired developer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2102375A1 (ca) 1972-04-07
CA936681A (en) 1973-11-13
BE771423A (fr) 1972-02-17
DE2141677A1 (de) 1972-02-24
FR2102375B1 (ca) 1973-08-10
GB1358448A (en) 1974-07-03
NL7111221A (ca) 1972-02-22

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