US3650716A - Method of and apparatus for the production of fibers from thermoplastic materials, particularly glass fibers - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for the production of fibers from thermoplastic materials, particularly glass fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3650716A
US3650716A US854369A US3650716DA US3650716A US 3650716 A US3650716 A US 3650716A US 854369 A US854369 A US 854369A US 3650716D A US3650716D A US 3650716DA US 3650716 A US3650716 A US 3650716A
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Prior art keywords
set forth
openings
fibers
filaments
sheet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US854369A
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English (en)
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Daniel Brossard
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Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
    • C03B37/045—Construction of the spinner cups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
    • C03B37/048—Means for attenuating the spun fibres, e.g. blowers for spinner cups

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The production of fibers from viscous thermoplastic material by collecting a reserve supply of the material at the central portion of a centrifuge plate, in the form of a disc or the bottom of an enclosure, which plate rotates on a vertical axis, where from the material is thrown in sheet form toward the periphery of the plate.
  • a plurality of openings are provided in the outer portion of the plate through which the material of the sheet is forced, either by centrifugal force alone or with the aid of a gaseous blast acting on the top of the sheet, which serves to subdivide the material into a plurality of primary filaments to be drawn out into fine fibers. Additional attenuating blasts for drawing out the fibers, and blowers for directing the fibers may be used for effecting their withdrawal.
  • the present invention relates to the production of fibers from mineral or organic materials in the viscous state, and in particular, glass fibers.
  • the invention is characterized by the fact that the viscous material is brought onto the upper surface of a plane or concaveIy-shaped disc body rotating about a vertical axis, in proximity to the center of the rotary body.
  • the latter is provided with orifices or slots in a zone between its central portion and its periphery, and the viscous material dropping thereon adjacent to its central portion is carried therefrom by the action of centrifugal force towards these orifices or slots in the outer peripheral zone, whereat it is divided into filaments while crossing these orifices or slots, and which filaments are then subjected to the action of gaseous currents in order to draw them out into fibers.
  • FIG. I is a vertical sectional view, with some parts in elevation, of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial vertical sectional view of a variant embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial vertical sectional view of still another embodiment
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are plan views of the rotating body illustrating the orifices therein having the shape ofslots
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a slot in the rotating body along line VII-VII of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of the slot shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are plan views of the rotating body illustrating the orifices therein of circular outline
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of one of the orifices shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 along line XI-XI of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view ofthe orifice shown in FIG. 11.
  • the apparatus comprises a disc I which is rotated around a vertical axis by means of a hollow rotary shaft 2 mounted in bearings 3 in a column 4 having a chamber 5 through which is circulated a cooling fluid.
  • a circular or annular trough or gutter 6 is provided in the upper surface of the disc 1, adjacent to its central portion and arranged concentrically with the axis thereof.
  • the disc is provided with openings, slots or orifices 7, at the outer portion thereof towards its periphery, the constitution and spacing of which on the disc are described below in detail.
  • the apparatus also comprises an annular burner 8 having a gas exhaust which strikes the zone of the disc containing orifices 7.
  • the periphery of the disc is provided with zigzag baffles 9, which are designed to assure tightness to arrest the escape of combustion gases.
  • the contour of the inner edge 10 of the gas exhaust of the burner is so shaped as to impart to the gases escaping toward the interior of the disc, a speed sufficiently slow so that they will not disturb the flow of the glass in its viscous state towards orifices 7.
  • a screen 11 is also provided around the lower part of the inner lateral wall of the burner.
  • the thread or filament 12 of glass or other thermoplastic material falls into annular trough 6, where it constitutes a reserve supply of viscous material. From there, the glass spreads in a sheet 13 over the upper part of the disc and reaches its peripheral zone under the action of centrifugal force. In this zone, the glass is subjected to an elevated temperature and considerable pressure by the action of gas currents produced by pressure chamber or burner 8. Under the effect of this pressure, the viscous material passes through orifices 7 at the same time as the gases issuing from the burner, thus undergoing an abrupt change of direction. The sheet of viscous material is transformed into a large number of primary filaments, by virtue of the subdivision of the material which is attained by its passage through orifices 7. These primary filaments are accelerated and drawn out into fibers by the gaseousjet emitted by burner 8.
  • a blower device 14 having openings 14' in its peripheral wall, is mounted on a conduit 15 on the interior of shaft 2. This conduit is fixed to frame 4 and is supplied with air or steam by small tube 16. This device facilitates the evacuation or removal of the fibers.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus which is a variation of that shown in FIG. 1.
  • disc 1 has a raised edge In in which are provided the subdividing orifices 7.
  • the burner 8 itself has a discharge opening which is inclined corresponding to the inclined edge of the disc.
  • the primary filaments which are accelerated and drawn out by the gas jet from burner 8 are again acted on by a second burner or steam blower 35.
  • the thread or filament 20 of viscous vitreous or other material to be fiberized drops into a central reservoir 21 constituting part of the centrifuge body 22, whereat collects a reserve supply 23.
  • This centrifuge body may assume the form of a flat disc at its bottom which is provided with orifices or slots 24, as in the preceding embodiments.
  • the latter is provided with orifices 26 of large diameter through which the glass spreads into a sheet 27 over the upper surface at the bottom of centrifuge body 22.
  • An annular pressure chamber or burner 28 is disposed coaxially with centrifuge body 22, and the gases therefrom, as in the preceding embodiments, exert a pressure on the glass sheet, which is transformed into a large number of primary filaments by passage through orifices 24. These primary filaments are accelerated and drawn out by the highspeed jet emitted by burner 28.
  • a large number of zigzag baffles may be used in order to reduce the escape of gas to a maximum degree.
  • This apparatus may be complemented, as in the preceding example, by a blower device acting on the produced fibers, and by spraying devices for coating the fibers with binder material.
  • the transformation of the sheet of viscous material to be fiberized, such as glass, into primary filaments, by the subdividing orifices is obtained solely by the action of centrifugal force.
  • angle a which the axis of each orifice 36 makes with the normal to the surface of centrifuge body 37, must be sufficiently large, and for practical purposes, may be comprised between approximately 50 and 80.
  • the adherence between the glass sheet 38 and the surface of the centrifuge body is enhanced by imparting a slight concave curvature to the upper surface of the centrifuge.
  • a heating device 39 which may be a radiant burner or an infra-red ray radiator, makes possible the maintenance of the glass sheet 38 at a suitable temperature.
  • Primary filaments 40 issuing from the subdividing orifices 36 are again acted upon and attenuated by a high-speed gas jet produced by a pressure chamber or hunter 41 or a steam blower.
  • FIGS. 5 to 12 show, by way of example, the forms of orifices which may be provided in the rotating body.
  • the 0- such as 7, have an oblong shape and are arranged in such a way that their leading edge o-p intercepts and subdivides a portion 211-): of the glass sheet issuing from the reserve glass supply, such as formed at 6 in FIG. 1.
  • the number of primary filaments will be greater as the ratio (mn/o-p) becomes smaller, or, in other words, as the angle [3 between the leading edge o-p with radius r, tangent at point T of the forward end ofthe orifice, becomes smaller.
  • angle B should be small and less than 30. All the orifices are arranged at intervals sufficiently small for the entire glass sheet to be intercepted by the gas blast.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show in detail the shape of the orifices described above.
  • these orifices In order to permit the passage of the viscous material and the flames or burner gases, these orifices have a width W at least equal to 3 mm. Preferably, the ratio of the length L to width W should range between 1 and 10.
  • channels 43 are provided in the walls of the orifices. These channels may be of square or triangular section, ofabout 2 mm. on the side.
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 illustrate orifices such as 7, of circular shape.
  • the rows of these orifices are arranged so that the sheet of material to be fiberized arriving at are m'-n is intercepted at o-n'.
  • the ratio (m'- n'/0-p') it is advantageous for the ratio (m'- n'/0-p') to be small.
  • channels 43 oftriangular section are provided on the walls of these orifices.
  • the diameter ofthese orifices is at least 3 mm.
  • the method of producing fibers from a hardenable mineral thermoplastic material in a viscous state which comprises a. feeding a stream of the viscous material onto the inner portion of a supporting surface of a rotary disclike body, to form a reservoir ofsaid material at said portion,
  • An apparatus for producing fibers from a hardenable mineral thermoplastic material in a viscous state comprising a. a disclike body provided with a supporting surface for said viscous thermoplastic material and mounted on a vertical axis with means to rapidly rotate the body,
  • said supporting surface having an inner central reservoir portion and an outer portion provided with a plurality of openings therein
  • means including a pressure chamber for hot gases to project the viscous material through said openings in filamentary form and to attenuate the resulting filaments into fibers.
  • said pressure chamber comprises an annular burner overlying said outer portion of said disclike body and closely adjacent thereto.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 14, comprising an annular heater above said central reservoir portion in surrounding relation to the first-mentioned means for supplying the viscous material to the supporting surface.
  • said lastmentioned means comprises an annular blower below said inclined peripheral portion of said supporting surface to direct a jet of gas or steam inwardly against the fibers discharged from said openings.
  • said lastmentioned means comprises a blowing device below said disclike body for discharging radial blasts of gas against the interior of the falling curtain of fibers to effect the attenuation and withdrawal thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
US854369A 1968-09-06 1969-09-02 Method of and apparatus for the production of fibers from thermoplastic materials, particularly glass fibers Expired - Lifetime US3650716A (en)

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FR165317 1968-09-06

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US3650716A true US3650716A (en) 1972-03-21

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US (1) US3650716A (fi)
AT (2) AT311581B (fi)
BE (1) BE738500A (fi)
CA (1) CA955056A (fi)
CH (2) CH529076A (fi)
DE (1) DE1941717C3 (fi)
DK (1) DK132072C (fi)
ES (1) ES371112A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI52569C (fi)
FR (1) FR1588880A (fi)
GB (1) GB1266580A (fi)
NL (1) NL159941C (fi)
NO (1) NO126266B (fi)
SE (1) SE359081B (fi)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782878A (en) * 1972-03-14 1974-01-01 Campbell Soup Co Rotary extruder and loader
US3841854A (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-10-15 Johns Manville Apparatus for heating a glass fiber forming spinner
US4058386A (en) * 1972-12-22 1977-11-15 Johns-Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for eliminating external hot gas attenuation in the rotary fiberization of glass
US4332764A (en) * 1980-10-21 1982-06-01 Fiber Industries, Inc. Methods for producing melt-spun filaments
US4341726A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-07-27 Fiber Industries, Inc. Process for producing melt-spun filaments
US4359444A (en) * 1979-07-12 1982-11-16 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method for forming filaments
US4378325A (en) * 1980-05-13 1983-03-29 Fiber Industries, Inc. Process for quenching melt-spun filaments
US4433992A (en) 1981-02-24 1984-02-28 Isover Saint-Gobain Process and apparatus for forming mineral fibers
US4620859A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-11-04 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method for making coalesced mineral fibers
US4622054A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-11-11 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for making non-circular mineral fibers
US4636234A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-01-13 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for making non-circular mineral fibers
US4666485A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-05-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for making tapered mineral and organic fibers
US4670034A (en) * 1985-12-20 1987-06-02 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Internal blower for expanding cylindrical veil of mineral fibers and method of using same
US4746470A (en) * 1981-03-12 1988-05-24 Kureha Kagaku Kogo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for the preparation of carbon fibers having structure reflected in cross sectional view thereof as random mosaic
US4804511A (en) * 1984-07-03 1989-02-14 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for dry spinning yarns of improved uniformity and reduced adhesion
EP0329118A2 (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for producing desired fiber column configuration
US5015278A (en) * 1990-03-12 1991-05-14 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Open bottomed spinner for mineral fibers
US5075063A (en) * 1986-11-29 1991-12-24 Barmag Ag Spinning centrifuge
US5076826A (en) * 1990-10-19 1991-12-31 Evanite Fiber Corporation Apparatus and method for making glass fibers
US5100450A (en) * 1991-07-02 1992-03-31 Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for producing fibers
US5230905A (en) * 1991-06-14 1993-07-27 Fare' S.P.A. Polymer extruding device
EP0781877A3 (de) * 1995-11-30 1998-04-29 RIETER AUTOMATIK GmbH Schmelzespinnvorrichtung
US20050216338A1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-29 Greg Tseng Enhancing virally-marketed facilities
US20070000286A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-04 Gavin Patrick M Fiberizing spinner for the manufacture of low diameter, high quality fibers
US20080229786A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Gavin Patrick M Rotary Fiberizer
US7481076B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2009-01-27 Evanite Fiber Corporation Apparatus for making fibers
US8597552B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2013-12-03 Evan Koslow Apparatus, systems and methods for producing particles using rotating capillaries

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2408258C2 (de) * 1974-02-21 1983-12-22 Vepa AG, 4125 Riehen, Basel Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Schneiden von im Kabel gelieferten endlosen Synthesefasern
US4731001A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-03-15 Toshiba Electric Appliances Co., Ltd. Apparatus for making cotton candy
US4846643A (en) * 1985-10-31 1989-07-11 Toshiba Electric Appliances Apparatus for making cotton candy

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3174182A (en) * 1962-06-22 1965-03-23 Edward W O Shaughnessy Spinning arrangement for spinning fibers from molten plastic or the like
US3227536A (en) * 1962-01-18 1966-01-04 Miles S Firnhaber Apparatus for manufacturing fibers of thermoplastic material
US3358322A (en) * 1965-06-10 1967-12-19 Monsanto Co Process and apparatus for spinning bicomponent micro-denier fibers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3227536A (en) * 1962-01-18 1966-01-04 Miles S Firnhaber Apparatus for manufacturing fibers of thermoplastic material
US3174182A (en) * 1962-06-22 1965-03-23 Edward W O Shaughnessy Spinning arrangement for spinning fibers from molten plastic or the like
US3358322A (en) * 1965-06-10 1967-12-19 Monsanto Co Process and apparatus for spinning bicomponent micro-denier fibers

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782878A (en) * 1972-03-14 1974-01-01 Campbell Soup Co Rotary extruder and loader
US3841854A (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-10-15 Johns Manville Apparatus for heating a glass fiber forming spinner
US4058386A (en) * 1972-12-22 1977-11-15 Johns-Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for eliminating external hot gas attenuation in the rotary fiberization of glass
US4359444A (en) * 1979-07-12 1982-11-16 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method for forming filaments
US4378325A (en) * 1980-05-13 1983-03-29 Fiber Industries, Inc. Process for quenching melt-spun filaments
US4341726A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-07-27 Fiber Industries, Inc. Process for producing melt-spun filaments
US4332764A (en) * 1980-10-21 1982-06-01 Fiber Industries, Inc. Methods for producing melt-spun filaments
US4433992A (en) 1981-02-24 1984-02-28 Isover Saint-Gobain Process and apparatus for forming mineral fibers
US4746470A (en) * 1981-03-12 1988-05-24 Kureha Kagaku Kogo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for the preparation of carbon fibers having structure reflected in cross sectional view thereof as random mosaic
US4804511A (en) * 1984-07-03 1989-02-14 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for dry spinning yarns of improved uniformity and reduced adhesion
US4620859A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-11-04 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method for making coalesced mineral fibers
US4666485A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-05-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for making tapered mineral and organic fibers
US4636234A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-01-13 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for making non-circular mineral fibers
US4622054A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-11-11 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for making non-circular mineral fibers
US4670034A (en) * 1985-12-20 1987-06-02 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Internal blower for expanding cylindrical veil of mineral fibers and method of using same
US5075063A (en) * 1986-11-29 1991-12-24 Barmag Ag Spinning centrifuge
EP0329118A3 (en) * 1988-02-16 1990-10-24 Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for producing desired fiber column configuration
EP0329118A2 (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for producing desired fiber column configuration
US5015278A (en) * 1990-03-12 1991-05-14 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Open bottomed spinner for mineral fibers
US5076826A (en) * 1990-10-19 1991-12-31 Evanite Fiber Corporation Apparatus and method for making glass fibers
US5230905A (en) * 1991-06-14 1993-07-27 Fare' S.P.A. Polymer extruding device
US5100450A (en) * 1991-07-02 1992-03-31 Manville Corporation Method and apparatus for producing fibers
US6062838A (en) * 1995-11-30 2000-05-16 Rieter-Automatik Gmbh Melt spinning apparatus
EP0781877A3 (de) * 1995-11-30 1998-04-29 RIETER AUTOMATIK GmbH Schmelzespinnvorrichtung
US6176696B1 (en) 1995-11-30 2001-01-23 Rieter-Automatik Gmbh Melt-spinning apparatus
EP1122343A1 (de) * 1995-11-30 2001-08-08 RIETER AUTOMATIK GmbH Schmelzspinnvorrichtung
US20050216338A1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2005-09-29 Greg Tseng Enhancing virally-marketed facilities
US7481076B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2009-01-27 Evanite Fiber Corporation Apparatus for making fibers
US20070000286A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-04 Gavin Patrick M Fiberizing spinner for the manufacture of low diameter, high quality fibers
US20080229786A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Gavin Patrick M Rotary Fiberizer
US8250884B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2012-08-28 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Rotary fiberizer
US8597552B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2013-12-03 Evan Koslow Apparatus, systems and methods for producing particles using rotating capillaries

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1588880A (fi) 1970-03-16
DE1941717C3 (de) 1974-07-04
DK132072C (da) 1976-03-15
NO126266B (fi) 1973-01-15
AT311581B (de) 1973-11-26
FI52569B (fi) 1977-06-30
NL6913400A (fi) 1970-03-10
AT303990B (de) 1972-12-27
DE1941717A1 (de) 1970-03-12
CH502279A (fr) 1971-01-31
NL159941B (nl) 1979-04-17
DE1941717B2 (de) 1973-11-29
BE738500A (fi) 1970-03-05
CH529076A (fr) 1972-10-15
FI52569C (fi) 1977-10-10
DK132072B (da) 1975-10-20
SE359081B (fi) 1973-08-20
NL159941C (nl) 1979-09-17
ES371112A1 (es) 1971-08-16
CA955056A (en) 1974-09-24
GB1266580A (fi) 1972-03-15

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