US3649252A - Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking - Google Patents
Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3649252A US3649252A US752771A US3649252DA US3649252A US 3649252 A US3649252 A US 3649252A US 752771 A US752771 A US 752771A US 3649252D A US3649252D A US 3649252DA US 3649252 A US3649252 A US 3649252A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- chromium
- iron
- stress corrosion
- corrosion cracking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with steels containing from 12 to 20 percent of chromium which are resistant to stress corrosion cracking.
- 18/8 austenitic steels are very prone to stress corrosion cracking, particularly where chloride-bearing environments are encountered and where operating temperatures are in excess of the ambient temperature. Resistance of this type of austenitic steel to stress corrosion cracking can be increased by raising the nickel content but this also increases the cost considerably.
- Iron containing from 17 to 20 percent of chromium displays excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
- chromium irons develop a coarse-grain structure which gives rise to brittleness, if heated to above about 900 C. as occurs at a weld.
- welding reduces the resistance to corrosion and as a result further heat treatment is necessary after the welding process.
- the present invention provides a steel comprising, by weight, from 0.01 to 0.2 percent carbon, from 0.01 to 2.0 percent silicon, from 0.01 to 4.0 percent manganese, from 1.0 to 5.0 percent nickel, from 12.0 to 20.0 percent chromium, from 0.5 to 2.5 percent molybdenum, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent niobium, from 0.01 to 0.1 percent nitrogen.
- Preferred proportions of the nonferrous components of the alloy are, by weight, from 0.02 to 0.06 percent carbon, from 0.25 to 0.7 percent silicon, from 0.3 to 1.0 percent manganese, from 2.0 to 3.0 percent nickel, from 15.0 to 17.0 percent chromium, from 0.8 to 1.2 percent molybdenum, from 0.4 to 0.7 percent niobium and from 0.02 to 0.04 percent nitrogen.
- the steels of the present invention show improved properties compared with 18/8 austenitic steels and conventional 17-20 percent chromium iron.
- the steels of this invention retain the very high resistance of the 17-20 percent chromium irons to stress corrosion cracking but may also be welded with insignificant grain growth to give no necessity for a post welding heat treatment.
- the general corrosion resistance in chloride environments is improved until it approaches that of the 18/8 steels.
- the stress corrosion cracking resistance was demonstrated by the following results of tests in the often used reagent 42% magnesium chloride solution at boiling point. Uniaxially loaded specimens were used with a stress of 20 tons/square inch.
- the steel 17% Cr is a 17 percent chromium iron, and the steel en58E" is an example of an 18/8 austenitic steel.
- the invention also provides articles whenever made from the alloys described above.
- Iron the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
- An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB37795/67A GB1241291A (en) | 1967-08-16 | 1967-08-16 | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3649252A true US3649252A (en) | 1972-03-14 |
Family
ID=10399054
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US752771A Expired - Lifetime US3649252A (en) | 1967-08-16 | 1968-08-15 | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3649252A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| AT (1) | AT320703B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE719486A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH504536A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1758819A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1576975A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1241291A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| SE (1) | SE343335B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3901690A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1975-08-26 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Wear resistant alloy steels containing cb and one of ti, hf or zr |
| US4299623A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-11-10 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
| US4374680A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1983-02-22 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
| US5582657A (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1996-12-10 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Heat-resistant, ferritic cast steel having high castability and exhaust equipment member made thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS518731B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1971-11-06 | 1976-03-19 | ||
| US4406698A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1983-09-27 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Martensitic stainless cast steel having high cavitation erosion resistance |
| EP0087482B1 (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1986-06-25 | Kubota Ltd. | Heat-resisting alloy for rolls |
| US4540424A (en) * | 1983-02-26 | 1985-09-10 | Kubota, Ltd. | Heat-resisting alloy for rolls for glass forming |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2067630A (en) * | 1934-07-28 | 1937-01-12 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Welding rod |
| US2695229A (en) * | 1950-10-28 | 1954-11-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
| US2747989A (en) * | 1952-05-28 | 1956-05-29 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Ferritic alloys |
| US3023098A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-02-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Low carbon ferritic stainless steel |
| US3281287A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1966-10-25 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant edge tool and method of making the same |
| US3337331B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-08-22 |
-
1967
- 1967-08-16 GB GB37795/67A patent/GB1241291A/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-08-14 AT AT797868A patent/AT320703B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-08-14 FR FR1576975D patent/FR1576975A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-08-14 CH CH1219668A patent/CH504536A/de unknown
- 1968-08-14 DE DE19681758819 patent/DE1758819A1/de active Pending
- 1968-08-14 BE BE719486D patent/BE719486A/xx unknown
- 1968-08-15 US US752771A patent/US3649252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-08-15 SE SE11007/68A patent/SE343335B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2067630A (en) * | 1934-07-28 | 1937-01-12 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Welding rod |
| US2695229A (en) * | 1950-10-28 | 1954-11-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
| US2747989A (en) * | 1952-05-28 | 1956-05-29 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Ferritic alloys |
| US3023098A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-02-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Low carbon ferritic stainless steel |
| US3281287A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1966-10-25 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant edge tool and method of making the same |
| US3337331B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-08-22 | ||
| US3337331A (en) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-08-22 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant steel alloy |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3901690A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1975-08-26 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Wear resistant alloy steels containing cb and one of ti, hf or zr |
| US4299623A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-11-10 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
| US4374680A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1983-02-22 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
| US5582657A (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1996-12-10 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Heat-resistant, ferritic cast steel having high castability and exhaust equipment member made thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH504536A (de) | 1971-03-15 |
| AT320703B (de) | 1975-02-25 |
| GB1241291A (en) | 1971-08-04 |
| SE343335B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-03-06 |
| BE719486A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1969-01-16 |
| DE1758819A1 (de) | 1971-03-25 |
| FR1576975A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1969-08-01 |
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