US3647286A - Reproduction apparatus using photovoltaic material - Google Patents

Reproduction apparatus using photovoltaic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3647286A
US3647286A US797729A US3647286DA US3647286A US 3647286 A US3647286 A US 3647286A US 797729 A US797729 A US 797729A US 3647286D A US3647286D A US 3647286DA US 3647286 A US3647286 A US 3647286A
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United States
Prior art keywords
image
substrate
pattern
photovoltaic
reproduction
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Expired - Lifetime
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US797729A
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English (en)
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John H Delorme Jr
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor

Definitions

  • the charge is destroyed or removed from portions exposed to light through or reflected from animage such as the original copyof a document to leave a latent electrostatic image can be transferred to a copy sheet brought into surface contact with the developed image by reversal of the electrostatic charge or by'providing a copy material having an adhesive coat.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration-showing how suitable photovoltaic material may be deposited on substrate for use in the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus embodying the invention effective to carry out one of the steps thereof;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus embodying the invention effective to carry out another of the steps thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of the manner in which still another step of the invention may be carried out.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of the reproduction of an image using the method and apparatus of the invention.
  • Photovoltaic materials are those which generate an electromotive force where their surface is exposed to illumination. This phenomenon has been known for some time. However, the voltages generated have been, until relatively recently, quite small so that the use of such materials has been limited. The low values of voltage available has been due in large part to the method of fabricating such surfaces. However it is now known that if a material capable of photovoltaic activity is deposited on a substrate when the substrate is in a plane maintained at an angle with a line passing through a source of the material in an evaporator the available voltage can be increased significantly.
  • a summary of the contents of these publications teaches the deposition of a suitable material such as germanium, silicon, silicon carbide, cadmium sulfide, and others may take place when a source of suitable material is provided in a crucible to be heated in a vacuum and disposed beneath a substrate material.
  • a metallic shield is interposed between the source and the substrate to control material.
  • FIG. 1 This is illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein a crucible 2 holding a source of suitable material is disposed beneath a metallic shield 4 having an opening 6 therein.
  • a substrate 8 which may be of a metallic or conducting material, is maintained so that its centerline I0 is at an angle 6 to a line 12 extending perpendicularly through the crucible 2.
  • the above-cited articles present values for the vacuum which should be maintained and show a range of 10 to I0 torr.
  • the thickness of the deposited layer may vary from 0.5 to 50 microns, and it may have a resistivity greater than l0 ohm/cm.
  • the angle between the plane of the substrate and a line through the crucible will vary depending on the material used and may vary from l0 to 60".
  • a wide variety of materials capable of photovoltaic activity may be used. These would include ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdSe, CdTc, Sb, SbS, SbTe, Se, Bi, BiS, and BiTe.
  • FIGS. 2 through 4 A process and apparatus for the reproduction of images using photovoltaic materials is illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 4. These illustrations are diagrammatic, for it is clear that a large number of variations in the particular apparatus used are possible and the particular ones selected are well within the choice of designers working within this field.
  • FIG. 2 a layer 14 of photovoltaic material has been deposited on the substrate 8 in accordance with the process described so as to constitute an exposure plate which may be positioned by any desirable means suitably spaced from an original the image of which is to be reproduced.
  • the original 16 may'take the form of a document bearing text material, photographs, drawings, or the like. It should be understood that it is considered within the scope of invention disclosed the original may be a three-dimensional object so that the process and apparatus may be used in what are considered devices of the class of cameras.
  • the original 16 it will include relatively dark areas and relatively light areas indicated by reference numerals l8 and 20, respectively.
  • Visible light may be provided by sources 22 which when activated will provide a source of light to be reflected from the original I6.
  • the reflected light is focused by a suitable optical system, including lenses and represented diagrammatically by the lens at that a corresponding area 26 on the surface of the layer 14 will develop little or no voltage while the relatively light areas will reflect greater light and the corresponding area 28 on the surface of layer 14 will develop greater voltages.
  • the voltages developed are negative; i.e., the voltage at the surface which is that portion of the layer closest to the material source during formation of the layer are negative with respect to the material adjacent the substrate.
  • the areas 26 will be positive with respect to areas 28.
  • the developing phase is effected by the apparatus of FIG. 3 showing a source 32 of charged electroscopic or toner material from which the surface of the layer 14 is dusted or coated. If it is desired to produce a positive image the toner material selected will be positively charged so that upon its application to the surface it will be attracted to the negatively charged portions of the surface. Alternatively if a negative is desired a negatively charged toner would be used.
  • a sheet 34 coated with adhesive material may be brought into contact the now developed surface of the layer 14 to transfer the image formed by the toner pattern to the copy sheet.
  • HO. 5 illustrates a copy of an original appearing on a copy sheet 34.
  • the surface 14 could be formed on a drum shaped substrate and rotate from exposure to developing and then to printing positions.
  • Other variations in the apparatus include depositing the photovoltaic material on a conductive web substrate and move it to exposing, and developing positions to produce a negative which could be severed from the web and used in other equipment as a master.
  • Apparatus for reproducing visual images comprising: a substrate; a layer of photovoltaic material on said substrate having repetitive stacking faults therein; means for projecting an image to be reproduced onto said material to expose said material to a light pattern of the image thereby to produce a voltage pattern on said material conforming to the image; and means for applying a developing substance to said material whereby said substance assumes a pattern conforming to the voltage pattern.
  • Columh 1 line 17, after "image” insert --which can be developed by a suitable pigment powderor toner.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US797729A 1969-02-10 1969-02-10 Reproduction apparatus using photovoltaic material Expired - Lifetime US3647286A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79772969A 1969-02-10 1969-02-10

Publications (1)

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US3647286A true US3647286A (en) 1972-03-07

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US797729A Expired - Lifetime US3647286A (en) 1969-02-10 1969-02-10 Reproduction apparatus using photovoltaic material

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US (1) US3647286A (enExample)
CA (1) CA933584A (enExample)
FR (1) FR2030959A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1297144A (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6066420A (en) * 1996-09-19 2000-05-23 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming method using photovoltaic force

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453763A (en) * 1945-07-07 1948-11-16 Ruben Samuel Selenium rectifier and process for making same
US2581460A (en) * 1939-02-03 1952-01-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron multiplier
US2624652A (en) * 1944-10-11 1953-01-06 Chester F Carlson Graphic recording
US2654853A (en) * 1949-02-28 1953-10-06 Rca Corp Photoelectric apparatus
US2829025A (en) * 1952-04-18 1958-04-01 John E Clemens High speed apparatus for recording intelligence
US2860221A (en) * 1955-11-25 1958-11-11 Gen Mills Inc Method of producing a humidity sensor by shadow casting and resultant product
US2990280A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-06-27 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3185051A (en) * 1962-10-16 1965-05-25 Xerox Corp Xerographic method
US3199086A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-08-03 Rahn Corp Devices exhibiting internal polarization and apparatus for and methods of utilizing the same
US3226253A (en) * 1960-08-23 1965-12-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Method of producing photosensitive layers of lead selenide
US3254998A (en) * 1962-04-02 1966-06-07 Xerox Corp Induction image formation
US3498835A (en) * 1966-06-28 1970-03-03 Xerox Corp Method for making xerographic plates

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2581460A (en) * 1939-02-03 1952-01-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron multiplier
US2624652A (en) * 1944-10-11 1953-01-06 Chester F Carlson Graphic recording
US2453763A (en) * 1945-07-07 1948-11-16 Ruben Samuel Selenium rectifier and process for making same
US2654853A (en) * 1949-02-28 1953-10-06 Rca Corp Photoelectric apparatus
US2829025A (en) * 1952-04-18 1958-04-01 John E Clemens High speed apparatus for recording intelligence
US2860221A (en) * 1955-11-25 1958-11-11 Gen Mills Inc Method of producing a humidity sensor by shadow casting and resultant product
US2990280A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-06-27 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3226253A (en) * 1960-08-23 1965-12-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Method of producing photosensitive layers of lead selenide
US3199086A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-08-03 Rahn Corp Devices exhibiting internal polarization and apparatus for and methods of utilizing the same
US3254998A (en) * 1962-04-02 1966-06-07 Xerox Corp Induction image formation
US3185051A (en) * 1962-10-16 1965-05-25 Xerox Corp Xerographic method
US3498835A (en) * 1966-06-28 1970-03-03 Xerox Corp Method for making xerographic plates

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6066420A (en) * 1996-09-19 2000-05-23 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming method using photovoltaic force

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1297144A (enExample) 1972-11-22
CA933584A (en) 1973-09-11
FR2030959A5 (enExample) 1970-11-13
DE1963882A1 (de) 1970-09-03
DE1963882B2 (de) 1976-01-02

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