US3646336A - Correlation unit - Google Patents
Correlation unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3646336A US3646336A US822085*A US3646336DA US3646336A US 3646336 A US3646336 A US 3646336A US 3646336D A US3646336D A US 3646336DA US 3646336 A US3646336 A US 3646336A
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- signal
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- output signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C21/00—Systems for transmitting the position of an object with respect to a predetermined reference system, e.g. tele-autographic system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A photogrammetric system for automatically registering a pair of photographic images for stereographic inspection. Automatic registration of the photographic images is accomplished by electronically sensing parallaxes between the images, and by transforming the images to accomplish registration.
- Each of a pair of stereo photographs is scanned in X and Y by a separate flying spot scanner which is driven by X- and Y-raster generators.
- the output of the flying spot scanners is applied to a separate video processor for controlling and enhancing the image signals and then to a separate cathode-ray tube which is driven in X and Y by the same X- and Y-raster generators.
- the two cathode-ray tubes comprise the left and right sides of a binocular viewer.
- the output of each of the flying spot scanners and the X- and Y-raster signals are applied to a correlation system which detects parallax errors and first and second order distortions between corresponding sections of each of the photographic images.
- the correlation system divides the output signals of the flying spot scanners into different frequency band-pass regions for separate correlation of the components of each of the signals in each band-pass region.
- the output of the correlation system is applied, via a transformation system, as correction signals to the raster signals driving the flying spot scanners which enables the pair of photographic images to be viewed in registration.
Abstract
A photogrammetric system for automatically registering a pair of photographic images for stereographic inspection. Automatic registration of the photographic images is accomplished by electronically sensing parallaxes between the images, and by transforming the images to accomplish registration. Each of a pair of stereo photographs is scanned in X and Y by a separate flying spot scanner which is driven by X- and Y-raster generators. The output of the flying spot scanners is applied to a separate video processor for controlling and enhancing the image signals and then to a separate cathode-ray tube which is driven in X and Y by the same X- and Y-raster generators. The two cathode-ray tubes comprise the left and right sides of a binocular viewer. The output of each of the flying spot scanners and the X- and Y-raster signals are applied to a correlation system which detects parallax errors and first and second order distortions between corresponding sections of each of the photographic images. The correlation system divides the output signals of the flying spot scanners into different frequency band-pass regions for separate correlation of the components of each of the signals in each band-pass region. The output of the correlation system is applied, via a transformation system, as correction signals to the raster signals driving the flying spot scanners which enables the pair of photographic images to be viewed in registration.
Description
United States Patent Hobrough [54] CORRELATION UNIT [72] Inventor: Gilbert L. Hobrough, Los Altos, Calif.
[73] Assignee: ltek Corporation, Lexington, Mass.
[22] Filed: Sept. 30, 1968 [21] Appl. No.: 822,085
Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 394,502, Sept. 4, 1964, Pat. No.
[52] U.S.Cl ..235/181,328/109, 328/133, 324/83 D [51] Int. Cl ..G06g 7/19, H03d 13/00 [58] 235/181; 179/15;250/220SP; 328/114, 133, 155, 109, 110; 307/232 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,185,957 5/1965 3,185,958 5/1965 3,197,625 7/1965 3,364,311 H1968 3,404,261 10/1968 Jespers et al ..235/1 81 1 Feb.29, 1972 Primary Examiner-Eugene G. Botz Assistant Examiner-Felix D. Gruber Attorneyl-lomer 0. Blair and Robert L. Nathans [57] ABSTRACT A photogrammetric system for automatically registering a pair of photographic images for stereographic inspection. Automatic registration of the photographic images is accomplished by electronically sensing parallaxes between the images, and by transforming the images to accomplish registration. Each of a pair of stereo photographs is scanned in X and Y by a separate flying spot scanner which is driven by X- and Y-raster generators. The output of the flying spot scanners is applied to a separate video processor for controlling and enhancing the image signals and then to a separate cathode-ray tube which is driven in X and Y by the same X- and Y-raster generators. The two cathode-ray tubes comprise the left and right sides of a binocular viewer. The output of each of the flying spot scanners and the X- and Y-raster signals are applied to a correlation system which detects parallax errors and first and second order distortions between corresponding sections of each of the photographic images. The correlation system divides the output signals of the flying spot scanners into different frequency band-pass regions for separate correlation of the components of each of the signals in each band-pass region. The output of the correlation system is applied, via a transformation system, as correction signals to the raster signals driving the flying spot scanners which enables the pair of photographic images to be viewed in registration.
12 Claims, 58 Drawing Figures PIG/ifllf/ON flldl 514N425 77: TINIIOIMlf/OM JYJfIM PAIENTEDFEBZS 1972 3,646,336
SHEET cu 0F 23 I NVENTOR. 6/; iii? 4 flaaiouwy PAIENTEDmzs I972 SHEET USUF 23 I N V E NTOR. 6/4 an 1, #052004 PATENTEDFEB 29 1972 SHEET 110F23 @MEQQX PATENTEDFEB29 I972 SHEET 12UF 23 PATENTEDFEBZQ I972 SHEET 13UF 23 V w? wQww INVENTOR.
/wwew .4. Haaewa/v ham 1 PATENTEDFEBZS I972 3,846,336
sum 17 [1F 23 55$ ib k/ a INVENTOR.
Claims (13)
1. A correlation system for operating upon first and second electrical input signals generated from first and second data sources by an X- and a Y-scanning signal comprising: a. phase detection means, responsive to said first and second electrical input signals, for detecting phase differences between said first and second input signals, and for producing an output signal indicative of said phase differences; b. first analyzer means, responsive said output signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing an X-parallax error output signal; c. second analyzer means, responsive to said output signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y-parallax error output signal; d. third analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error output signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing an Xscale error output signal; and e. fourth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error output signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing a Yscale error output signal.
2. The system as set forth in claim 1 and further including: a. fifth analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing an X-skew error output signal; and b. sixth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing a Y-skew error output signal.
3. The system as set forth in claim 2 and further including: a. means, responsive to said X-scanning signal and said Y-scanning signal, to produce a composite scanning signal; b. seventh analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said composite scanning signal, for producing an XY in X error oUtput signal; and c. eighth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said composite scanning signal, for producing an XY in Y error output signal.
4. The system as set forth in claim 3 and further including: a. means for modifying said X-scanning signal to produce a modified X-scanning signal having a frequency twice that of said X-scanning signal; b. means for modifying said Y-scanning signal to produce a modified Y-scanning signal having a frequency twice that of said Y-scanning signal; c. ninth analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said modified X-scanning signal, for producing an X2 in X error output signal; d. tenth analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said modified Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y2 in X error output signal; e. eleventh analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said modified Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y2 in Y error output signal; and f. twelfth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said modified X-scanning signal, for producing an X2 in Y error output signal.
5. A correlation system for operating upon first and second electrical input signals generated from first and second data sources by an X- and a Y-scanning signal comprising: a. phase detection means, responsive to said first and second electrical input signals, for detecting phase differences between said first and second input signals, and for producing an output signal indicative of said phase differences; b. first analyzer means, responsive to said output signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing an X-parallax error output signal; c. second analyzer means, responsive to said output signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y-parallax error output signal; d. third analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing an X-skew error output signal; and e. fourth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing a Y-skew error output signal.
6. A correlation system for correlating first and second electrical input signals and including: a. a first band-pass circuit connected to said first input signal for passing frequency components of said first input signal within the band-pass region of that channel; b. a second band-pass circuit connected to said second input signal for passing frequency components of said second input signal within the band-pass region of that channel, said frequency components passed by said second band-pass circuit being in a band-pass region which includes at least a portion of the band-pass region in which said frequency components passed by said first band-pass circuit are located; c. phase detection means for detecting phase differences between the signals passed by said first and second band-pass circuits and for producing an output signal indicative of said phase differences, whereby said output signal is representative of correlation differences between said first and second electrical input signals.
7. The system as set forth in claim 6 wherein said first and second electrical input signals are generated from first and second data sources by an x- and a y-scanning signal and wherein: a. each electronic channel further includes, first analyzer means, responsive to said output signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing an X-parallax error output signal, and second analyzer means, responsive to said output signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y-paraLlax error signal; and b. said correlation system further includes, means, connected to said X-parallax error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the X-parallax error output signals and producing a composite X-parallax error output signal, and means, connected to said Y-parallax error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the Y-parallax error output signals and producing a composite Y-parallax error output signal.
8. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein: a. each electronic channel further includes, third analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error output signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing an X-scale error output signal, and fourth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error output signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y-scale error output signal; and b. said correlation system includes, means, connected to said X-scale error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the X-scale error output signals and producing a composite X-scale error output signal, and means, connected to said Y-scale error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the Y-scale error output signals producing a composite Y-scale error output signal.
9. The system as set forth in claim 8 wherein: a. each electronic channel further includes, fifth analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing an X-skew error output signal, and sixth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing a Y-skew error output signal; and b. said correlation system further includes, means, connected to said X-skew error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the X-skew error output signals and producing a composite X-skew error output signal, and
10. connected to said Y-skew error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the Y-skew error output signals and producing a composite Y-skew error output signal.
10. The system as set forth in claim 9 wherein: a. each electronic channel further includes, means, responsive to said X-reference signal and said Y-reference signal, to produce a composite scanning signal, seventh analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said composite scanning signal, for producing an XY in X error output signal, eighth analyzing means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said composite scanning signal, for producing an XY in Y error output signal; and b. said correlation system further includes, means, connected to said XY in X error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the XY in X error output signals and producing a composite XY in X error output signal, and means, connected to said XY in Y error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the XY in Y error output signals and producing a composite XY in Y error output signal.
11. The system as set forth in claim 10 wherein: a. each electronic channel further includes, means for modifying said X-scanning signal to produce a modified X-scanning signal having a frequency twice that of said X-scanning signal, means for modifying said Y-scanning signal to produce a modified Y-scanNing signal having a frequency twice that of said Y-scanning signal, ninth analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said modified X-scanning signal, for producing an X2 in X error output signal, tenth analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said modified Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y2 in X output signal, eleventh analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said modified Y-scanning signal, for producing a Y2 in Y error output signal, twelfth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said modified X-scanning signal, for producing an X2 in Y error output signal; and b. said correlation system further includes, means, connected to said X2 in X error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the X2 in X error output signals and producing a composite X2 in X error output signal, means, connected to said Y2 in X error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the Y2 in X error output signals and producing a composite Y2 in X error output signal, means, connected to said Y2 in Y error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the Y2 in Y error output signals and producing a composite Y2 in Y error output signal, and means, connected to said X2 in Y error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the X2 in Y error output signals and producing a composite X2 in Y error output signal.
12. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein: a. each electronic channel further includes, third analyzer means, responsive to said X-parallax error signal and said Y-scanning signal, for producing an X-skew error output signal, and fourth analyzer means, responsive to said Y-parallax error signal and said X-scanning signal, for producing a Y-skew error output signal; and b. said correlation system further includes, means, connected to said X-skew error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the X-skew error output signals and producing a composite X-skew error output signal, and means, connected to said Y-skew error output signal producing means in each of said electronic channels, for combining the Y-skew error output signals and producing composite Y-skew error output signals.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US39442464A | 1964-09-04 | 1964-09-04 | |
| US39450264A | 1964-09-04 | 1964-09-04 | |
| US82208568A | 1968-09-30 | 1968-09-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3646336A true US3646336A (en) | 1972-02-29 |
Family
ID=27410121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US822085*A Expired - Lifetime US3646336A (en) | 1964-09-04 | 1968-09-30 | Correlation unit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3646336A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3958232A (en) * | 1974-06-14 | 1976-05-18 | Hobrough Gilbert L | Image transformation system with variable delay |
| EP0837428A2 (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-04-22 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Picture image forming apparatus |
| WO2000046730A1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-10 | Creo Ltd. | Registration control during workpiece processing |
| US6493064B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-12-10 | Creo Il, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for registration control in production by imaging |
| US6593066B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-07-15 | Creo Il. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for printing patterns on substrates |
| US11190748B1 (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-11-30 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Dynamic parallax correction for visual sensor fusion |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3004464A (en) * | 1955-06-21 | 1961-10-17 | Hycon Mfg Company | Stereoplotter |
| US3011128A (en) * | 1958-05-29 | 1961-11-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Triple coincidence detector |
| US3185958A (en) * | 1962-04-09 | 1965-05-25 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method of continuous wave seismic prospecting |
| US3185957A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1965-05-25 | Exxon Production Research Co | Analysis of a seismic signal for detection of a reflected wavelet |
| US3197625A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1965-07-27 | Electro Mechanical Res Inc | Cross correlator |
| US3364311A (en) * | 1964-02-07 | 1968-01-16 | Nasa Usa | Elimination of frequency shift in a multiplex communication system |
| US3404261A (en) * | 1962-03-07 | 1968-10-01 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Correlation apparatus for computing time averages of functions |
-
1968
- 1968-09-30 US US822085*A patent/US3646336A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3004464A (en) * | 1955-06-21 | 1961-10-17 | Hycon Mfg Company | Stereoplotter |
| US3011128A (en) * | 1958-05-29 | 1961-11-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Triple coincidence detector |
| US3197625A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1965-07-27 | Electro Mechanical Res Inc | Cross correlator |
| US3185957A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1965-05-25 | Exxon Production Research Co | Analysis of a seismic signal for detection of a reflected wavelet |
| US3404261A (en) * | 1962-03-07 | 1968-10-01 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Correlation apparatus for computing time averages of functions |
| US3185958A (en) * | 1962-04-09 | 1965-05-25 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method of continuous wave seismic prospecting |
| US3364311A (en) * | 1964-02-07 | 1968-01-16 | Nasa Usa | Elimination of frequency shift in a multiplex communication system |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3958232A (en) * | 1974-06-14 | 1976-05-18 | Hobrough Gilbert L | Image transformation system with variable delay |
| EP0837428A2 (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-04-22 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Picture image forming apparatus |
| US6005987A (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1999-12-21 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Picture image forming apparatus |
| EP0837428A3 (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 2000-01-05 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Picture image forming apparatus |
| WO2000046730A1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-10 | Creo Ltd. | Registration control during workpiece processing |
| US6205364B1 (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2001-03-20 | Creo Ltd. | Method and apparatus for registration control during processing of a workpiece particularly during producing images on substrates in preparing printed circuit boards |
| US6567713B2 (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2003-05-20 | Creo Il. Ltd | Method and apparatus for registration control during processing of a workpiece, particularly during producing images on substrates in preparing printed circuit boards |
| US6493064B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-12-10 | Creo Il, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for registration control in production by imaging |
| US6593066B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-07-15 | Creo Il. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for printing patterns on substrates |
| US11190748B1 (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-11-30 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Dynamic parallax correction for visual sensor fusion |
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