US3646320A - Isothermal furnace - Google Patents

Isothermal furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3646320A
US3646320A US872940A US3646320DA US3646320A US 3646320 A US3646320 A US 3646320A US 872940 A US872940 A US 872940A US 3646320D A US3646320D A US 3646320DA US 3646320 A US3646320 A US 3646320A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
envelope
furnace
vapor
cylindrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US872940A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carlo Rosatelli
Arvind Shroff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3646320A publication Critical patent/US3646320A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0014—Devices wherein the heating current flows through particular resistances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094—Jackets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00171—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
    • Y10T117/10—Apparatus
    • Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
    • Y10T117/1092—Shape defined by a solid member other than seed or product [e.g., Bridgman-Stockbarger]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A furnace providing an isothermal heating all along its height comprising a liquid which is heated for filling an envelope surrounding the volume to be heated with the vapor of this liquid and a system for filling the upper part of this envelope with a gas, not mixing with this vapor, for varying the operating height of the furnace.
  • the present invention relates to heating furnaces of the isothermic type.
  • Furnaces of this type have two drawbacks; they are hardly capable of achieving uniform temperature all along their structure and, on the other hand it is difficult to adjust the length of the heated zone, which is a fundamental necessity in certain applications.
  • a furnace comprising an envelope defining the enclosure to be heated; within said envelope an amount of liquid; means for heating said liquid for providing saturated vapor of said liquid within said envelope; and means for modifying the volume of the portion of said envelope filled with said vapor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a furnace according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification
  • the furnace shown in FIG. 1 comprises a cylindrical volume surrounded by a double wall 2 defining a closed volume 2a in which a vaporizable liquid 3 has been enclosed.
  • a heating device 4 using the Joule effect is placed at the bottom of the cylindrical body 2a and the volume 1 is closed at its two ends if need be by screwed plugs 5 and 6.
  • An envelope 7 forming a heat shield improves the efficiency of the assembly by preventing external thermal energy losses.
  • the gas used should not be capable of reacting chemically, at the operating temperatures, with any other of the bodies it contacts, and may for example be argon or helium.
  • the liquid 3 is raised to boiling point by the heating device 4 and its vapor fills the whole of the closed volume 2.
  • the volume and the pressure at the operating temperature should be so related that the vapor is always saturated, i.e., in a state of equilibrium with the liquid.
  • volume 2a and the walls are the seat of a heat exchange phenomenon resulting from the equilibrium between the thermal energy lost to the exterior across the walls, and the thermal energy supplied at the same point which compensates the heat lost by the condensation of an appropriate quantity of vapor.
  • This liberation of heat corresponds to the thermal energy expended at the time of evaporation.
  • a furnace 40 cm. long according to the invention using liquefied lithium as a fiuid has isothermally produced a temperature of l,920 K. at a power of 2,500 watts, corresponding to watts per square centimeter of wall.
  • tubular enclosure and its walls are strictly isothermal over the whole of the length.
  • This length can be varied in the following manner:
  • This gas should have such a density that for all practical purposes it does not mix with the vapor present in the volume 2a. It propagates towards the top of the volume 2, so that the upper part of the volume is filled with gas. Accordingly, over the whole of the height portion of the volume 2a, there is no vapor, and accordingly no thermal exchange between the vapor and the wall. The temperature prevailing within the corresponding portion of the volume 2a is extremely low compared tothat prevailing in the remaining portion of the volume.
  • the height of the volume over which the furnace operates can be adjusted.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of the furnace of FIG. 1, wherein similar reference numbers designate similar parts.
  • the gas duct is connected at the upper part of the volume 2a, i.e., at the end which is opposite to that were the liquid container is located. This may be particularly useful if the density of the gas and that of the vapor are not very much different, since the separation of gas and vapor by density is facilited.
  • An isothermal furnace for heating material placed therein to a uniform temperature which comprises:
  • electrically operated heating means proximate the lower end of said furnace and in thermal contact with said fluid, for applying heat thereto and causing said liquid to vaporize, said vapor rising upwardly in said internal volume, condensing on the walls of said envelope and isothermally transferring heat energy to the material in said furnace enclosure;

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US872940A 1968-11-21 1969-10-31 Isothermal furnace Expired - Lifetime US3646320A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR174757 1968-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3646320A true US3646320A (en) 1972-02-29

Family

ID=8657214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US872940A Expired - Lifetime US3646320A (en) 1968-11-21 1969-10-31 Isothermal furnace

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3646320A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT302249B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1958261B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1595711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1269250A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965334A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-06-22 N.V. Philips Corporation Heating device
US5057286A (en) * 1990-02-05 1991-10-15 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Vessel for use in hydrothermal synthesis
US6094523A (en) * 1995-06-07 2000-07-25 American Sterilizer Company Integral flash steam generator
US20100113705A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-05-06 Brian Harrison Dual vessel reactor
US9649612B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2017-05-16 Rubreco Inc. Dual vessel reactor

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU72212A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-04-04 1977-02-02
US6955793B1 (en) 1997-06-18 2005-10-18 Arencibia Jr Jose P Temperature controlled reaction vessel
WO1998057741A2 (en) * 1997-06-18 1998-12-23 Arencibia Associates, Inc. Temperature controlled reaction vessel

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616628A (en) * 1948-06-22 1952-11-04 Lloyd V Guild Temperature controlled gas analysis apparatus
US2762895A (en) * 1952-10-25 1956-09-11 Collins Radio Co Constant temperature device
US2820134A (en) * 1953-05-06 1958-01-14 Kobayashi Keigo Heating apparatus
US3281574A (en) * 1964-03-16 1966-10-25 Internat Oil Burner Company Pressurized baseboard-type electrical heater and method of charging same
US3517730A (en) * 1967-03-15 1970-06-30 Us Navy Controllable heat pipe

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616628A (en) * 1948-06-22 1952-11-04 Lloyd V Guild Temperature controlled gas analysis apparatus
US2762895A (en) * 1952-10-25 1956-09-11 Collins Radio Co Constant temperature device
US2820134A (en) * 1953-05-06 1958-01-14 Kobayashi Keigo Heating apparatus
US3281574A (en) * 1964-03-16 1966-10-25 Internat Oil Burner Company Pressurized baseboard-type electrical heater and method of charging same
US3517730A (en) * 1967-03-15 1970-06-30 Us Navy Controllable heat pipe

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965334A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-06-22 N.V. Philips Corporation Heating device
US4136733A (en) * 1972-05-04 1979-01-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Heating device
US5057286A (en) * 1990-02-05 1991-10-15 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Vessel for use in hydrothermal synthesis
US6094523A (en) * 1995-06-07 2000-07-25 American Sterilizer Company Integral flash steam generator
US20100113705A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-05-06 Brian Harrison Dual vessel reactor
US9403136B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2016-08-02 Rubreco Inc. Dual vessel reactor
US9649612B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2017-05-16 Rubreco Inc. Dual vessel reactor
US9901890B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2018-02-27 Rubreco Inc. Dual vessel reactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1595711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-15
GB1269250A (en) 1972-04-06
AT302249B (de) 1972-10-10
DE1958261B2 (de) 1978-10-26
DE1958261A1 (de) 1970-06-04

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