US3640349A

US3640349A - Stopping apparatus

Info

Publication number: US3640349A
Application number: US44262A
Authority: US
Inventors: Roland Granskog
Original assignee: Linden Alimak AB
Current assignee: Linden Alimak AB
Priority date: 1970-06-08
Filing date: 1970-06-08
Publication date: 1972-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 1989-02-08

Abstract

The invention relates to an improvement in stopping apparatus permitting boreholes to be made with great accuracy and requiring little manpower attendance, said apparatus comprising a movable platform with lifting jacks thereon for fixing it in a horizontal position, and a plurality of arms each of which is articulated to a central stud on the platform, is swingable in a substantially horizontal plane, is adapted for carrying drilling means and comprises two telescopic parts with means for locking said parts in selected positions relatively to each other and for indicating the degree of their relative telescopic displacement.

Description

United States Patent 1 3,640,349 Granskog 51 Feb. 8, 1972 [54] STOPPING APPARATUS 830,33l 4/l952 Germany ..173/32 [72] lnvemor: Rahmd Gmskog, skeneflea Sweden $6,006 IO/ I968 Poland ..l73/33 73] Assignee: Llnden-Alimak Aktlebolag, Vasteras, Primary Examiner-James A- ppink Sweden Attorney-Sommers & Young [22] Filed: June 8, 1970 [21] ApplNo; 44,262 The invention relates to an improvement in stopping apparatus permitting boreholes to be made with great accuracy 52 us. Cl ..173/32, 175/53, 175/98, and "w lime attendance said PP 175/122 comprising a movable platform with lilting jacks thereon for 51 lm. Cl. ..E2lc 23/00 fixinfl a and Pluramy arms each of [58] Field ofSeareh .173/32 33 52- 175/122 53 which is miculmd stud {75/95 swingable in a substantially horizontal plane, is adapted for carrying drilling means and comprises two telescopic pans with means for locking said parts in selected positions relative- [56] Cited ly to each other and for indicating the degree of their relative FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS telescopic displacement- 255,52l 7/1926 Great Britain ..l73/52 3 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PMENIEB FEB 8 m2 SHEET 1 0f 2 INVENTOR Roland Gronskog BY 5 ommw ATTORNEY PATENIED FEB a 1912 SHEET 2 BF 2 INVENTOR Roland Gronskog STOPPING APPARATUS This invention is concerned with an apparatus for expanding and shaping minor vertical shafts, said apparatus comprising a platform which can be raised and lowered and which is fixed in a horizontal position by means of outwardly directed lifting jacks mounted on the outer edges of the platform, said platform having moreover sites for the attachment of drilling machines or other equipment for working in rock or earth substratcs.

The expanding of shafts or stopping, as it is called by technicians versed in this art, is an operation often required in mining and rock blasting processes; when the shafts are vertical shafts the stopping is usually effected downwardly. The boreholes required for this purpose are usually made by means of a number of handheld drilling machines operated by one person each. The bore holes are arranged to form a row of holes contiguous with the outer contour of the enlarged shaft to be made and are called border holes." in addition, the operations involved with the blasting technique employed usually require the provision ofa number of holes, so-called stopping holes," between the border holes and the minor shaft that has already been excavated before. The border holes should be made to slope outwardly, as seen from the central axis of the shaft and in the longitudinal direction of the borehole, whereas the stopping holes (ifany) are usually made parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The direction of the boreholes is usually controlled visually by the workers.

For the final shaft to be fully satisfactory it is of imperative importance that the border holes are positioned accurately with respect to the theoretical outer contour, and that exactly the accurate degree of inclination is obtained. However, when the holes are made with hand-held drilling machines and their direction is controlled visually it is difficult to fulfill these requirements. if moreover, the shaft, after the stopping operation, is to be wholly or partially lined with concrete in an exactly predetermined position, it is difficult, when using the conventional stopping procedures, to correctly calculate the volume of concrete required and, concomitantly, to give with a reasonable degree of accuracy an estimate of the costs involved. On the other hand, utilisation of the shaft in its as-blast (raw) state for ventilation purposes would affect the costs of operation unfavorably, for in that case the shaft would not have such surface smoothness as is desirable for minimizing losses due to friction when air passes along the shaft walls.

The present invention provides a novel apparatus for expanding and shaping minor vertical shafts which has the twofold advantage of (i) increased efficiency, in that one man can attend to two or more drilling machines simultaneously, and (ii) increased accuracy of the directions of the boreholeswhich improves the economy of subsequent operation or use. The apparatus according to the invention consist of a platform which is capable of being raised and lowered and is fixed in a horizontal position by means of lifting jacks which are mounted at its edge and extend outwardly therefrom. The platform is provided with a central upwardly extending stud, pole or post carrying arms which are articulated to said stud, pole or post, are parallel to the plane of the platform and are adjustable to various positions in two planes at right angles to each other, each of said arms constituting a support for carrying a drilling machine with associated feeder means and being composed of two parts which are joined to each other in telescopic relationship, are adapted to be locked relatively to each other and in different positions of displace ment, and are provided with means for indicating the displaced position of one part relatively to the other part.

An embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawing; it should be ap preciated, however, that the invention is in no way restricted to said embodiment.

in the drawing FlG. l is a vertical section through a shaft with the apparatus in drilling position.

FIG. 2 is a horizontal section along line [-1 in FIG. I.

FIG. 3 illustrates schematically how the platform may be arranged in a correct position as desired.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the central stud or post of the platform.

FIG. 5 is a view of one of the lateral liftingjacks in greater detail.

FIG. 6 shows means for locking the scale of the platform.

The apparatus is shown as it is mounted and utilized for expanding of dilating a shaft 10 preformed by blasting and to be expanded so as to form a wider shaft ll of circular cross section, the actual profile 12 of said intended shaft, such as it is obtained in practice, acquiring a steplike configuration due to the inclination of the border holes.

The apparatus comprises a platform 14 provided in its center with a tubular upwardly extending post 22 which has a so-called hairline-cross at its upper end. At points [5 (FIG. I) the platform 14 is carried by four cables [3 leading to a winch via pulleys or blockswhich may be secured to, for example, the superstructure above the shaft-so as to enable the platform to be hoisted or lowered as desired.

In the embodiment as shown, the platform 14 is circular and is at its periphery provided with outwardly extending jacks 25 by means of which it is fixed in its position in the shaft. Fine adjustment of the platform position is obtained by means of lowering a plummet 18 (FIG. 3) into the hairlinecross 24 of post 22, said plummet being attached to a plummet line 20 coming via two simple block sheaves 21 from a manually operated winch 19 which is placed on the platform. the sheaves 21 being secured to the superstructure above the shaft. Post 22 is filled with a liquid 23 for dampening the movement of plummet 18. A fine adjustment of the position of platform 14 can thus be achieved by actuation of jacks 25.

Each jack 25 comprises a sleeve 28 (FIG. 5) horizontally pivotable about a vertical stud 27 on platform 14, and a tube 29 welded to said sleeve and provided at its outer end with a screw 26 forming an angle with tube 29, the joint between screw 26 and tube 29 being formed with a resilient insert member 30. A telescopic tube 53 of lesser dimension than tube 29 has been fitted into said tube 29; it is provided with holes by which the extent to which it is inserted in tube 29 may be varied stepwise. a pin 37 being provided for locking it. At its outer end, tube 53 carries a pressure plate 32 which is mounted on a stud 33 so that it will automatically adapt itself to the contour of the rock surface at the point of contact. The other end of screw 26 is threaded into a nut 34 having two vertically opposite studs 35 mounted in a shackle 36 that is welded to platform 14. When the jack is actuated, tube 53 is drawn out to maximum extracted position and locked by means of pin 37. Then screw 26 is turned or rotated so as to cause pressure plate 32 to lie in contact with the rock surface. Further turning or rotation of the screw will then compress the resilient or spring member 30, thus preventing the jack from loosening due to vibration and destruction of the rock surface that is in direct contact with the pressure plate 32.

Rigging screws [6 (FIG. I) are provided between the aforesaid pulleys or blocks and the points 15 where the cables [3 are attached to platform [4, these screws 16 permitting subsequent adjustment of the horizontal positioning of platform 14. The horizontal positioning is controlled with the aid of two water level gages 17 arranged at right angles and diametrically to cables 13. Such a subsequent adjustment may be required for instance if fatigue stretching of the cables occurs.

Four outwardly directed swinging arms 43 are articulated to the central upwardly extending stud 22. Each swinging arm 43 consists of (i) an inner part forming the articulate connection with stud 22 via ajournal bearing 44 and support bearing 45, and (ii) a telescopic outer part 46. A drill feeder 47 with a drilling machine 48 is articulated to the exterior end of said outer part 46. The outer part 46 due to its telescopic arrangement can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of arm 43 relatively to the inner part, and the degree of displacement may be indicated on a scale 49 on said outer part 46. The two swinging arm inner and outer parts are locked in the desired position. The feeders 47 have been attached to parts 46 so as to be directed downwardly, and their degree of inclination relatively to the horizontal plane of platform 14 may be varied by means of changing the length of a connecting strut 50 between a feeder 47 and outer swinging arm part 46.

On the platform 14 there is furthermore an annular girder 4l provided with abutments 40. and interiorly of said girder there is a circular scale 38 which can be locked against rotational movement by means of fourjaws 39, said jaws clamping the scale against the abutment 40 of girder 41 and being operated by means of screw 42.

Depending on the configuration of the final shaft-circular. square, rectangular, elliptic or other-the methods will vary as to how the borehole positions are indicated on the scale 38. If the shaft is circular each position is marked out in accordance with known methods, for example by marking in colors, one color being used for each row of holes. If the shaft is not circular the scale is calibrated before the working operations are started so that the l 80line of the scale coincides with the long diameter of the shaft and the 90270line coincides with the short diameter of the shaft. For effecting the calibration, the screws 42 are loosened so as to release the four jaws 39 that have been set to lock the scale against rotation, namely by means of clamping it against the abutments 40 which are rigidly connected with the annular girder 41. After the jaws and the scale have been thus released the scale is adjusted as stated above and is then again locked in its position. in that the screws are again drawn tight.

In operation of the apparatus. when a winging arm 43 has been placed into its desired working position it is locked to the annular girder by means of a clamping screw or the like. The swinging arms 43 may vary in number; for example, there may be four such arms-in which case each arm will serve for one quadrant of the circumference. if any disturbance of failure occurs during operation of the apparatus an adjacent arm 43 may be utilized instead of the arm that has failed. The swinging arms are independent inter se and may be disposed in different horizontal plancsin which case the area covered by each arm in its plane will not be a factor thwarting their positioning at less than angles inter se in the horizontal planes.

The drilling machine 48 and feeder means 47 may be of conventional type. If the tools employed are driven pneumatically the pressurized air. entering in the center. may be directed to a central lubricator device SI and will then from said lubricator device be distributed to each tool via hose con duits 52.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for expanding and shaping vertical shafts comprising.

a platform.

means for suspending said platform and for raising and lowering said platform,

a plurality of jacks mounted on the platform and directed outwardly therefrom.

an upwardly extending supporting means on said platform.

a plurality of arms articulated onto said supporting means parallel to the plane of the platform and adjustable to various positions at angles to each other, each said arm comprising at least two partsjoined in telescopic relationship and including means for locking said parts relatively to each other in different positions of telescopic displacement,

each of said arms at its outer and including means for supporting a drilling machine and associated feeder means.

2. The apparatus of claim 6 which further includes means for locking said arms in various different positions of rotation about said upwardly extending supporting means, and scale means for indicating the position of rotation of said arms.

3. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said drilling machine supporting means mounts said drilling machine at a variable angle to the plane of the platform

Claims

1. Apparatus for expanding and shaping vertical shafts comprising, a platform, means for suspending said platform and for raising and lowering said platform, a plurality of jacks mounted on the platform and directed outwardly therefrom, an upwardly extending supporting means on said platform, a plurality of arms articulated onto said supporting means parallel to the plane of the platform and adjustable to various positions at angles to each other, each said arm comprising at least two parts joined in telescopic relationship and including means for locking said parts relatively to each other in different positions of telescopic displacement, each of said arms at its outer end including means for supporting a drilling machine and associated feeder means.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 which further includes means for locking said arms in various different positions of rotation about said upwardly extending supporting means, and scale means for indicating the position of rotation of said arms.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said drilling machine supporting means mounts said drilling machine at a variable angle to the plane of the platform.