US3638649A - Implantable prosthetic pass-through device - Google Patents
Implantable prosthetic pass-through device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3638649A US3638649A US839297A US3638649DA US3638649A US 3638649 A US3638649 A US 3638649A US 839297 A US839297 A US 839297A US 3638649D A US3638649D A US 3638649DA US 3638649 A US3638649 A US 3638649A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- segments
- cannula
- distal
- skin
- roughened
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/02—Access sites
- A61M39/0247—Semi-permanent or permanent transcutaneous or percutaneous access sites to the inside of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L29/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
- A61M1/3655—Arterio-venous shunts or fistulae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/02—Access sites
- A61M39/0247—Semi-permanent or permanent transcutaneous or percutaneous access sites to the inside of the body
- A61M2039/0261—Means for anchoring port to the body, or ports having a special shape or being made of a specific material to allow easy implantation/integration in the body
Definitions
- ABSTRACT An implantable through-the-skin prosthetic device for the permanent entry into the body for passage of liquid, conductors or the like.
- the device includes a roughened synthetic resinous member that courses through the skin and subcutaneous tissues and into the body.
- a roughened plastic cannula passes through the skin into the blood vessel itself.
- a ball joint fitting for connection to the external circuits allows for one-handed operation by a trained patient.
- a special reamer is provided for use with the shunt.
- ROBERT A. ERSEK AT TORNEYS IMPLANTABLE PROSTHETIC PASS-THROUGH DEVICE This invention relates to device for the permanent entry into the body for passage of liquids, conductors, or the like where a permanent firm mechanical dry and germproof seal with the skin and subcutaneous tissues is desired.
- Such devices are use ful, for example, in artificial dialysis where a shunt is inserted into a vein in the arm or leg of the patient and maintained for long periods of time.
- Other devices such as heart pacemakers, bladder stimulators, blood pumps, and the like, which are externally powered require conducting cables or wires to extend through the skin.
- the inner surface should minimize clotting; (2) The exterior surface should give minimal tissue reaction; (3) The exterior surface should allow some attachment to the tissues in order to anchor the cannula firmly in place; (4) The skin at the exit site should surround the cannula so that a seal is formed and weeping and granulation tissue are absent, (5) Cannula material should be elastic and move freely with the tissue as the arm is rotated; (6) Cannula should be able to withstand extended trauma without permanent damage, (7) Cannula should not occlude vessels at the cannulation site; (8) Cannula should have an easily replaceable tip to facilitate fitting any size vessel; (9) A simple clamp or method of attachment to the external circuit is needed; and (10) The cannula should lie close to the skin.
- H6. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the shunt in place in the arm of a patient
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic illustration of the arterial portion ofthe shunt showing details of construction and showing the arterial cannula implanted in the body tissue;
- F K]. 3 is a section on a somewhat enlarged scale on the line 3-3 ofFlG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of the reaming device used with the shunt.
- the shunt including an implantable through-the-skin seal device, according to the present invention, indicated generally at 10 in FIG. 1 and shown in place in a foreami 11, comprises an arterial cannula 12 extending into the artery 13, a flexible occlusion member 14, a distal arterial segment 15 connected through a disengageable junction means 16 to a distal venous segment 17 connected by means of an occlusion member 18 to a venous cannula 19 inserted through the skin into a vein 20.
- the shunt remains in place in the arm (or leg) of the patient between treatments, the blood flowing from the artery through one cannula through the shunt to the other cannula and back into the vein.
- the junction means 16 is disengaged and the distal arterial segment l5 and distal venous segment 17 of the shunt are connected to the dialysis apparatus, the so-called artificial kidney.”
- the semirigid arterial cannula 12 extends through an opening 21 in the skin 22 through the subcutaneous tissue 23 and into the end of severed artery 13.
- the interior of the cannula is smooth throughout.
- the intravascular tip portion 24 of the cannula is smooth and slightly tapered to facilitate insertion into the vessel.
- the intermediate portion 25 of the cannula from adjacent the tapered smooth tip 24 to beyond its point of exit through the skin is roughened to create a myriad of hairy projections to enable an attachment to be achieved between the body tissue and the cannula.
- a portion of the roughened surface extends into the vessel 13 to anchor the cannula and keep the vessel sealed around it.
- the cannula-occlusion member junction can be made in the standard fashion using a steel crimp ring 27, or a suture, or similar means.
- the smooth end 26 of the cannula is provided with a cufi 28 in the form of an externally thickened ring in order to assure a positive strong grip between the cannula and occlusion tubing.
- the distal arterial segment 15 is similarly connected to the opposite end of the occlusion tubing 14.
- the junctions are permanent, leakproof and pressureproof.
- the disengageable junction means 16 connecting the distal arterial and venous segments 15 and 16, respectively, is in the form of a ball joint.
- One of the distal segments has a bulbous male end 29.
- the other segment is provided with mating bulbous socket 30 having a slightly outwardly flaring mouth forming the female end of the ball joint.
- This ball joint junction means allows rapid and certain engagement and disengagement.
- the ball joint junction members are relatively thin walled such that they may be deformed slightly when fit together so that the narrowest part of the mouth of the socket may have a slightly lesser diameter than the greatest diameter of the male member. Any pressure within the lumen tends to force the outer walls of the smaller male fitting 29 against the inner walls of the slightly larger female fitting 30, thus increasing the leakproofness and better seating the seal.
- the inner blood path remains nearly uniform through such a connection. [t-is possible to disengage and reengage the ball joint with just one hand, allowing for self-dialysis by a trained patient.
- the venous portion of the shunt essentially duplicates the arterial portion already described in detail.
- the cannula segments and distal segments of the shunt are preferably formed from polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) which has the requisite properties of inertness, chemical resistance, compatibility with body tissues, workability, strength, and the like.
- Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
- suitable materials include nylon, acetal resin (Delrin), polycarbonate resin (Leaxan), polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidenechloride, and the like, compounded so as to have the requisite semirigidity to form a noncollapsible tube.
- medical grade silicone rubber Silicon is the preferred material for the occlusion members although other flexible natural and synthetic rubber or rubberlike materials having the required properties of inertness chemical resistance, etc., may be used.
- the desired roughness of the intermediate portion of the cannula segments which transverse the blood vessel lumen and the subcutaneous tract was achieved by turning the tubing on a lathe and applying a roughening tool.
- the tube is inserted over a steel mandrel to prevent deformation of the tubing, the lathe was rotated at about 600 rpm. and the machining tool was made from a hacksaw blade and piece of brass stock.
- the teeth of the hacksaw blade are allowed to very carefully gouge just the outer few thousandths of an inch of the tubing.
- thousands of roughened hairy projections are created.
- the hairy projections are integral with the body of the tubing.
- Great care, of course, is exercised in order that the lumen is not entered or the tubing deformed.
- the cuff 28 at the ends of the cannula and distal segments can be formed by forcing the tubing back on itself while being heated and placed within a forming jig.
- the shunt may be reamed by use of a flexible elongated wire, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the reamer 35 comprises an elongated central flexible wire core 36, which may be a singlestrand or a multiple-strand cable.
- the core 36 is wrapped along its length by a coil spring 37 of small diameter.
- the reamer has a smooth bulbous termination 38 at one end and a manipulative device in the form of a small ball configuration 39 at the other end.
- the first end has a permanent slightly angled bend 40 deviating by about 40 to 50 from the longitudinal axis of the cable and spaced inwardly about 1 to 3 inches from the bulbous end.
- the reamer ranges in length from about 2 to 3 feet.
- the remotely angled bend can be controlled from the opposite end by manipulation of the ball element 39.
- guinea pigs received a roughened Teflon tube but herein were allowed 21 days to become embedded and a Zby 4 inch circle of skin was removed and pressure applied by pneumatic piston to determine what force was needed to disrupt the skin-Teflon seal.
- the 21-day implanted rough Teflon segments were disrupted by pressure calculated at 720 mm. Hg.
- the skin Teflon seal was watertight until the bursting pressure was attained.
- Photomicrographs show that a good junction was formed between the epithelial layers of the skin and the exit site of the cannula. There was never any pain associated with this shunt and the patient remained afebrile with a dry exit site throughout her hospital course. No infection was noted in either of these two, even though the second patient forgot about her shunt and completely submerged the arm in her bath water during the sixth week.
- the leak pressure of the ball joint was tested by placing a closed ball joint seal in series with a mercury manometer and pumping the system full of fluid and measuring the pressure on the mercury manometer. Five ball joints were subjected to 300 mm. HG pressure without leak or bursting.
- the potential defect herein occupied by the prosthesis becomes smaller and smaller, until pressure exerted by advancing cells exceeds that pressure under which they can continue to proliferate. By that time a firm mechanical seal is effected.
- the strength of the seal is related to the number of surface grooves and projections on the rough Teflon surface and the strength of the fibrous tissue that embraces them.
- the guinea pig skin accepting the roughened tube is a measure of the affinity for implantation, since all the smooth tubes fell out of the guinea pigs skin. To withstand pressures without leaks points out the intimacy of the seal as is further implied in photomicrographs where a close juxtaposition of the tissues and the Teflon is shown.
- the slight taper and smooth leading edge of the intravascular portion of the cannula facilitates its insertion, since the roughened surface requires some force for sliding but follows the few smooth millimeter at its tip with ease.
- the skin itself grows into the roughened surface and forms a seal.
- the short (2 to 3 cm.) subcutaneous path and gentle turns of this shunt decrease the tissue damage and scar formation at a given shunt site, and hence allows greater number of shunt sites per limb. This is especially important in the chronic uremic whose life is dependent on the availability of shunt sites.
- the new arteriovenous shunt meets the -point criteria outlined by Scribner as wellas current materials will allow. Since there are fewer parts than other designs, and since mass production can be simple, significant cost reduction can be effected.
- the prosthetic device may be made in tubular form, as a cannula. Then, after implantation of the roughened tubular member through the skin and subcutaneous tract, the conductors may be mechanically sealed within the tubular passage. The device may be utilized whenever a permanent or semipermanent sealed passage through the skin is desirable or necessary.
- An implantable through-the-skin prosthetic cannula device for making a firm dry germproof mechanical seal comprising:
- said roughened surface consisting of a plurality of integral closely spaced hairlike projecting fibers whereby tissue ingrowth into and among said projecting fibers is promoted when said tube is implanted into living body tissue.
- a device according to claim 1 further characterized in that said synthetic resinous tube is formed from polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
- a method of making a firm dry germproof mechanically sealed passage through the skin of a living being which comprises implanting a tubular device according to claim 1 extending through the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of a living being and maintaining therein by means of attachment between the body tissues and roughened surface of the tube.
- An arteriovenous shunt comprising:
- C. occlusion means connecting each of said distal segments with a cannula segment
- junction means comprises a bulbous male member on one of said distal segments and a mating female socket member on the other of said distal segments.
- An arteriovenous shunt according to claim 4 further characterized in that the outer surface of the tip of each of said cannula segments opposite from said occlusion means is smooth and tapered.
- An arteriovenous shunt according to claim 4 further characterized in that:
- said occlusion means comprises a length of flexible tubing extending telescopically over the ends of the cannula segments and distal segments connected thereby,
- C. means are provided to secure the ends of said occlusion means to the ends of said cannula segments and distal segments spaced inwardly from said cuffs.
- An arteriovenous shunt according to claim 4 further characterized in that said cannula segments and said distal segments are formed from polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
- An arteriovenous shunt according to claim 4 further characterized in that said occlusion means is formed from silicone rubber tubing.
- An arteriovenous shunt according to claim 5 further characterized in that:
- said mating male and female members are relatively thin walled
- the open end of said female member is of diameter less than the outer diameter of the bulbous male member such that slight deformation of said members occurs during engagement and disengagement of the members.
- An arteriovenous shunt comprising:
- tubular silicone rubber occlusion means extending telescopically over the ends of each of said respective cannula segments and distal segments connecting the same, and
- disengageable junction means between said distal segments comprising a bulbous male member on one of said segments and a mating female socket member on the other of said segments.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US83929769A | 1969-07-07 | 1969-07-07 |
Publications (1)
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US3638649A true US3638649A (en) | 1972-02-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US839297A Expired - Lifetime US3638649A (en) | 1969-07-07 | 1969-07-07 | Implantable prosthetic pass-through device |
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Cited By (58)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3765032A (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1973-10-16 | J Palma | Implant |
US3826257A (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-07-30 | T Buselmeier | Prosthetic shunt |
US3882862A (en) * | 1974-01-11 | 1975-05-13 | Olga Berend | Arteriovenous shunt |
FR2400908A1 (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1979-03-23 | Parks Leon | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HYPERTHMIC TREATMENT |
US4192302A (en) * | 1978-09-12 | 1980-03-11 | Boddie Arthur W | Hepatic isolation and perfusion circuit assembly |
US4447237A (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1984-05-08 | Dow Corning Corporation | Valving slit construction and cooperating assembly for penetrating the same |
US4479798A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1984-10-30 | Research Against Cancer, Inc. | Subcutaneous implant useful in effecting hyperthermic treatment |
EP0202917A2 (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1986-11-26 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Implant device |
US4676782A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1987-06-30 | Vitaphore Corporation | Positionable tissue interfacing device for the management of percutaneous conduits |
US4899414A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-02-13 | Irwin James K | Polished surface protective sleeve for covering the electrical cord of a car wax polishing and buffing machine |
US5141499A (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1992-08-25 | Zappacosta Anthony R | Peritoneal dialysis catheter |
US5147483A (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1992-09-15 | Therex Corporation | Implantable infusion device and method of manufacture thereof |
US5336263A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1994-08-09 | Robert A. Ersek | Treatment of urological and gastric fluid reflux disorders by injection of mmicro particles |
WO1995007111A1 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-16 | Angelchik Jean P | Method and apparatus removing fluid from abdomen |
US5468221A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1995-11-21 | Schoener; Wolfgang | Implantable catheter made of high cold flow material |
US5603698A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1997-02-18 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Prosthesis delivery system |
US5792478A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-08-11 | Advanced Uro Science | Tissue injectable composition and method of use |
US5848987A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-12-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Microtextured catheter and method for preventing catheter fluid reflux |
US5882341A (en) * | 1995-07-07 | 1999-03-16 | Bousquet; Gerald G. | Method of providing a long-lived window through the skin to subcutaneous tissue |
US5902333A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1999-05-11 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Prosthesis delivery system with dilating tip |
US5984896A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-11-16 | Ojp #73, Inc. | Fixated catheter |
WO1999065559A1 (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 1999-12-23 | Klinični center Ljubljana | Hose for making an artificial vessel |
US6086553A (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2000-07-11 | Akbik; Mohamad J. | Arteriovenous shunt |
US6338724B1 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 2002-01-15 | Christos D. Dossa | Arterio-venous interconnection |
US6459917B1 (en) | 2000-05-22 | 2002-10-01 | Ashok Gowda | Apparatus for access to interstitial fluid, blood, or blood plasma components |
WO2003020342A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-13 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Implant with a surface structure |
US20040044330A1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2004-03-04 | Changqing Li | Medical catheter assembly including multi-piece connector |
US20040122438A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-24 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Flex-tight interlocking connection tubing for delivery of bone cements/biomaterials for vertebroplasty |
US20040225254A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Don Tanaka | Localized pleurodesis chemical delivery |
US20040231674A1 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-11-25 | Don Tanaka | Intra/extra-thoracic collateral ventilation bypass system |
US20040237966A1 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Don Tanaka | Methods and devices to assist pulmonary decompression |
US20040244803A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-09 | Don Tanaka | Intra-thoracic collateral ventilation bypass system |
US20050025816A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-02-03 | Don Tanaka | Methods and devices to accelerate wound healing in thoracic anastomosis applications |
US20060107961A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-25 | Don Tanaka | Localized pleurodesis evacuation device |
US20060118125A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-06-08 | Don Tanaka | Pulmonary drug delivery |
US20060118126A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-06-08 | Don Tanaka | Methods and devices for controlling collateral ventilation |
US20060124126A1 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-15 | Don Tanaka | Collateral ventilation device with chest tube/evacuation features |
US20070051372A1 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-08 | Don Tanaka | Collateral ventilation bypass system with retention features |
US20070163598A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-19 | Asia Chang | Variable resistance pulmonary ventilation bypass valve |
US20070270776A1 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-11-22 | Respira, Inc. | Lung reduction system |
US7361158B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2008-04-22 | Medicinvent, Llc | Catheter including textured interface |
US20080281295A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Portaero, Inc. | Visceral pleura ring connector |
US20080281151A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Portaero, Inc. | Pulmonary pleural stabilizer |
US20080281433A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Portaero, Inc. | Methods and devices to create a chemically and/or mechanically localized pleurodesis |
US20080283065A1 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-11-20 | Portaero, Inc. | Methods and devices to maintain patency of a lumen in parenchymal tissue of the lung |
US20080287878A1 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-11-20 | Portaero, Inc. | Pulmonary visceral pleura anastomosis reinforcement |
US20080295829A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Portaero, Inc. | Bridge element for lung implant |
US20090192469A1 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Istvan Bognar | Devices and Methods for Development of a Scar Tissue Tunnel Track |
US20090205651A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Portaero, Inc. | One-piece pneumostoma management system and methods for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
US20090205641A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Portaero, Inc. | Pneumostoma management device and method for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
US20100076383A1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2010-03-25 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Low profile adaptor for use with a medical catheter |
US20100170507A1 (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-08 | Portaero, Inc. | Pneumostoma management device with integrated patency sensor and method |
US20100204707A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-12 | Portaero, Inc. | Surgical instruments for creating a pneumostoma and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
US20100286544A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2010-11-11 | Portaero, Inc. | Methods and devices for assessment of pneumostoma function |
US20110152774A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-23 | Jose Luis Lopez | Ophthalmic valved trocar cannula |
US20110152775A1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-23 | Jose Luis Lopez | Ophthalmic valved trocar vent |
US8062315B2 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2011-11-22 | Portaero, Inc. | Variable parietal/visceral pleural coupling |
US9814869B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2017-11-14 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Graft-catheter vascular access system |
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Cited By (130)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3826257A (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-07-30 | T Buselmeier | Prosthetic shunt |
US3765032A (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1973-10-16 | J Palma | Implant |
US3882862A (en) * | 1974-01-11 | 1975-05-13 | Olga Berend | Arteriovenous shunt |
US4479798A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1984-10-30 | Research Against Cancer, Inc. | Subcutaneous implant useful in effecting hyperthermic treatment |
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