US3638482A - Method and apparatus for indicating track conditions - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for indicating track conditions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3638482A
US3638482A US822966A US3638482DA US3638482A US 3638482 A US3638482 A US 3638482A US 822966 A US822966 A US 822966A US 3638482D A US3638482D A US 3638482DA US 3638482 A US3638482 A US 3638482A
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United States
Prior art keywords
track
changes
acceleration
measured
condition
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Expired - Lifetime
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US822966A
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English (en)
Inventor
Egon Schubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
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Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way

Definitions

  • a norm may be established for each condition, i.e., curvature, superelevation, track gage, grade, these conditions may be continuously measured as a surveying car moves over the track, and deviations from the norm may be measured and fed to a computer which will determine when the track section falls below a given norm by counting the number of deviations in this section. While a variety of surveying methods have been tried, it has not been possible to set up a single characteristic value which generally indicates the entire track condition and is determinative of the safety of the track.
  • This and other objects of this invention are accomplished by using as datum the acceleration changes caused by varying local track conditions in the track section being surveyed.
  • the data are related to an assumed uniform speed of a vehicle passing over the track section and they are totalled to produce a parameter or signal characteristic of the track section condition, which signal or parameter is compared with a comparison parameter or signal characteristic of a track condition norm.
  • the signals or parameters are separately measured in the two planes, preferably electrically or electronically, and then combined into a characteristic datum, preferably by a vector sum.
  • the acceleration changes may be measured directly, i.e., by an accelerometer mounted on a car moving over the track at a controllable and measurable speed.
  • the acceleration changes indirectly without using a car with an accelerometer.
  • changes in a parameter characteristic of successive portions of the track section may be measured, for instance the radii of successive circular arcs which are assumed to form the continuous track section.
  • the faulty condition of the track section is considered as a succession of curves of the same mathematical function, for instance a series of successive circular arcs.
  • a parameter of these successive curves and the'changes in this parameter are measured, and the corresponding acceleration changes of an imaginary vehicle running over the track section is derived from these measurements and evaluated as though the acceleration changes themselves had been measured.
  • FIG. 1 is a chart aiding in an understanding of the method
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an apparatus useful for carrying out the method
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the geometry of the measurements carried out by the apparatus of FIGS. 2 and 3; 7
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the apparatus of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 6 and 6a illustrate measuring instruments useful in the apparatus of the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of. another useful measuring instrument
  • FIGS. 8, 9, 11 and 12 schematically show other embodiments of measuring instruments.
  • FIG. 10 is an end view of the instrument of FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of the method of the present invention
  • the curve in line A of the drawing shows the vertical accelerations measured in a vehicle moving over track sections 1- and [1-11].
  • the numerals in line B indicate the absolute changes in acceleration indicated by the curve in line A
  • line C indicating thesum of these absolute acceleration changes in the two track sections.
  • Analogous curves, values and sums for the acceleration in a horizontal plane are given in lines D, E and F.
  • the approximate vector sums of the sums are given in lines G and F (for the accelerations in two mutually perpendicular planes).
  • Line H indicates the actual speeds of the vehicle in the two track sections in kilometers per hour.
  • Line I gives the ratio of the squares of a comparison speed of l00.km./h. and the actual speeds, multiplied by the vector sum of line G.
  • the vector sums are given only approximately for track sections HI and II-III. If computers are used, exact vector sums may readily be obtained even for very small track sections,,for instance for lengths of a yard or less.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a surveying apparatus change in the height of the are. with two measuring bogies 4 and 5 which m on a t k 3
  • the horizontal acceleration changes are obtained in which is curved in a vertical plane, the two bogies being held Changes ofthe horizontal curvature ofthe [rack with at a constant distance by a coupling rod K.
  • FIG. 3 shows the same surveying apparatus in schematic top sinuous movement of the point of gravity.
  • Centrifugal acvicw the track shown to be curved also in a horizontal plane. celerations in a horizontal direction of the following mag-
  • there is also a distance w between the two axles 1 and 2 nitude are exerted upon the point of gravity:
  • the vertical acceleration changes for the point of gravity are The combined acceleration change is which is proportional to the difference of the heights of the
  • the differences between the heights of the arc are measured arcs in the horizontal plane of the track. in a conventional manner, their vector sums are determined,
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an apparatus for inductively measuring the and E are the end points of axles l and 2 at the midpoint of distance. As shown, the end points E, and E of the axles l and the distance between the two measuring bogies. The distance 2 of the two measuring bogies carry respective plates 6 and 6 h,h,, constitutes the vector sum of the parameters w and v. whereon there are mounted windings 7 and 7', respectively, FIG. 5 shows the apparatus of FIGS.
  • FIG. 6a Plate 6 is fixedly mounted on its axle while plate 6' is The horizontal component w and the vertical m o nt v axially movable towards and away from the axially fixed plate. may also be obtained by using a pendulum or a gyroscope, and Plate 6 is universally mounted on ball-and-socket joint 9 and the horizontal and vertical differences of acceleration may be biased against plate 6 by helical spring 8. Both plates are determined by vectors, may be totaled continuously as the surcoated with an insulating film 10 for gliding contact between veying apparatus moves over the track section, and the results the plates.
  • the winding 7 is in circuit with a source 11 of altermay be compared continuously with a standard or norm to 0bnating current.
  • the power lines emanating from winding 7 cut tain an accurate picture of the track condition. across winding 7 and there produce an induction current This condition may also be obtained by reading the results whose potential is measured by voltmeter 12.
  • the plates 6, 6' may also be constituted as condensers, in which case the films 10 form the dielectric.
  • the circuit for such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 7 wherein the plates 6, 6' form the condenser in circuit with a source 13 of alternating current of high frequency.
  • the ammeter 14 will indicate the electrical current corresponding to the varying areas of contact between the two plates.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 illustrate, by way of example, other apparatus mounted on the axle ends of the measuring bogies of determining their position relative to each other.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates mechanical measuring of the vertical distance between the ends E, and E of the two bogies.
  • Pulleys I6 and [7 are respectively mounted on the ends of the bogies, and a wire or rope I5 is trained over these pulleys and, if desired, an additional guide roller 18, one end of the wire or rope being fixedly anchored to one bogie end, i.e., E while the other end of the wire or rope is attached to spring I9 on the other bogie to keep the wire or rope tensioned.
  • the wire or rope moves a recording stylus 20 which records a curve 22 indicating the vertical distances v on a paper band 21 or like record carrier.
  • a like arrangement for the horizontal produces a record of the horizontal distances w.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are examples wherein the axle ends E, and E carry plates 6a and 6a.
  • the plates carry electrical measuring instruments indicating the varying distances between the axle ends.
  • the instruments are windings receiving cores axially moving therethrough, the vertical distances being measured by instrument 23 and the horizontal distances by instrument 24. If the minor error derived from mutual rotation of the plates in respect of each other is neglected, the two instruments produce the components v and w indicating the varying distances of the axle ends.
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment wherein the magnitude of the distance between the axle ends E and E is measured.
  • the axle ends have respective brackets 25 and 26 rotatably mounted therein.
  • An electrical measuring instrument 27 is mounted between the two brackets.
  • a mechanical guide 28, which consists of two telescoping tubes, is also mounted between the brackets to protect the electrical measuring instrument 27 from all transverse forces.
  • the mechanical guide is connected to the brackets by universal joints 29, 29 to enable even minor relative movements of the axles to be read by the electrical measuring instrument.
  • Such an apparatus may include instruments which may be mounted on conventional railway cars or measuring bogies for cooperation so as to produce the desired values.
  • Such instruments may be mounted, for instance, at the ends of railway cars which are coupled together in a train so that the relative position of the car ends may be measured as the train passes over a track section whose condition is to be surveyed.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates such an arrangement by way of example.
  • the instruments more fully described and illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 6a are mounted on a carrier 32 which may be carried by shoulder straps 30.
  • Setscrews 31 on the carrier are adjusted to mount the instruments properly on the ends of cars 4' and 5'.
  • the carrier housings hold the circuitry and meters which record the readings.
  • a method of indicating the condition of a railway track comprising the steps of moving a car over a plurality of successive sections of the track, the velocity of the car being constant in each track section, producing individual signals corresponding to local changes in acceleration transversely of the direction of elongation of the track, said acceleration changes being due to changing local conditions of the track, totaling the individual signals, the values of the individual acceleration changes being based on a uniform car velocity, to produce an indicium characteristic of the condition of the track consisting of the successive track sections, and comparing the indicium with a like indicium of a track condition norm measured at the same velocity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
US822966A 1968-06-25 1969-05-08 Method and apparatus for indicating track conditions Expired - Lifetime US3638482A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT610468A AT310221B (de) 1968-06-25 1968-06-25 Vorrichtungen zur Feststellung der Beschaffenheit der Lage eines Gleises

Publications (1)

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US3638482A true US3638482A (en) 1972-02-01

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ID=3582895

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US822966A Expired - Lifetime US3638482A (en) 1968-06-25 1969-05-08 Method and apparatus for indicating track conditions

Country Status (13)

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US (1) US3638482A (xx)
AT (1) AT310221B (xx)
CA (1) CA925283A (xx)
CH (1) CH510172A (xx)
DE (1) DE1919775C3 (xx)
ES (1) ES366443A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2011613A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1272627A (xx)
HU (1) HU164302B (xx)
NL (1) NL162329C (xx)
SE (1) SE343901B (xx)
SU (1) SU384244A3 (xx)
YU (1) YU33169B (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924461A (en) * 1974-08-20 1975-12-09 Harris A Stover Monitoring system for detecting defective rails or road beds
US6347265B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2002-02-12 Andian Technologies Ltd. Railroad track geometry defect detector
US6681160B2 (en) 1999-06-15 2004-01-20 Andian Technologies Ltd. Geometric track and track/vehicle analyzers and methods for controlling railroad systems
US20040122569A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2004-06-24 Andian Technologies Ltd. Geometric track and track/vehicle analyzers and methods for controlling railroad systems
EP1977950A3 (de) * 2007-04-03 2009-10-07 DB Netz Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur wirkungsbezogenen Beurteilung der Lagequalität eines Gleises
CN107128329A (zh) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-05 大连理工大学 一种基于应变量测反演变形加速度响应的轨距动态变化监测装置与设计方法
USRE47395E1 (en) * 2010-05-19 2019-05-21 L.B. Foster Rail Technologies Canada, Ltd. Optimizing rail track performance

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH588374A5 (xx) * 1975-03-14 1977-05-31 Speno International
GB2210978B (en) * 1987-10-15 1991-06-05 C D Measurements Limited An accuracy testing device
US5052115A (en) * 1990-06-20 1991-10-01 C. D. Measurements Limited Accuracy testing device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2924442A (en) * 1954-08-13 1960-02-09 G & H Engineering Corp Impact meter
US3353404A (en) * 1965-01-29 1967-11-21 Dresser Ind Apparatus for testing road surfaces and method
US3383913A (en) * 1967-03-01 1968-05-21 Dresser Ind Measurement of pavement deflection

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2924442A (en) * 1954-08-13 1960-02-09 G & H Engineering Corp Impact meter
US3353404A (en) * 1965-01-29 1967-11-21 Dresser Ind Apparatus for testing road surfaces and method
US3383913A (en) * 1967-03-01 1968-05-21 Dresser Ind Measurement of pavement deflection

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3924461A (en) * 1974-08-20 1975-12-09 Harris A Stover Monitoring system for detecting defective rails or road beds
US6347265B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2002-02-12 Andian Technologies Ltd. Railroad track geometry defect detector
US6681160B2 (en) 1999-06-15 2004-01-20 Andian Technologies Ltd. Geometric track and track/vehicle analyzers and methods for controlling railroad systems
US20040122569A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2004-06-24 Andian Technologies Ltd. Geometric track and track/vehicle analyzers and methods for controlling railroad systems
US7164975B2 (en) 1999-06-15 2007-01-16 Andian Technologies Ltd. Geometric track and track/vehicle analyzers and methods for controlling railroad systems
EP1977950A3 (de) * 2007-04-03 2009-10-07 DB Netz Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur wirkungsbezogenen Beurteilung der Lagequalität eines Gleises
USRE47395E1 (en) * 2010-05-19 2019-05-21 L.B. Foster Rail Technologies Canada, Ltd. Optimizing rail track performance
CN107128329A (zh) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-05 大连理工大学 一种基于应变量测反演变形加速度响应的轨距动态变化监测装置与设计方法
CN107128329B (zh) * 2017-06-01 2023-05-12 大连理工大学 一种基于应变量测反演变形加速度响应的轨距动态变化监测装置与设计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1919775A1 (de) 1970-02-26
DE1919775C3 (de) 1980-09-25
CH510172A (de) 1971-07-15
NL162329B (nl) 1979-12-17
YU33169B (en) 1976-06-30
AT310221B (de) 1973-09-25
NL162329C (nl) 1980-05-16
SU384244A3 (xx) 1973-05-23
DE1919775B2 (de) 1980-02-07
CA925283A (en) 1973-05-01
ES366443A1 (es) 1971-04-16
SE343901B (xx) 1972-03-20
NL6906469A (xx) 1969-12-30
FR2011613A1 (xx) 1970-03-06
GB1272627A (en) 1972-05-03
YU101269A (en) 1975-12-31
HU164302B (xx) 1974-01-28

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