US3638441A - Device for producing cold at low temperatures - Google Patents

Device for producing cold at low temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3638441A
US3638441A US16150A US3638441DA US3638441A US 3638441 A US3638441 A US 3638441A US 16150 A US16150 A US 16150A US 3638441D A US3638441D A US 3638441DA US 3638441 A US3638441 A US 3638441A
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United States
Prior art keywords
space
expansion
compression
pressure
medium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US16150A
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English (en)
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Johan Adriaan Rietdijk
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • Trifari ABSTRACT Forelgn Apphcauon Pnonty Data A cold gas refrigerator operable with an expansion device Mar. 6, 1969 Netherlands ..69/03436 where a fluid medium is further expanded and cooled, and a [52] Us CL H 62/6 compressor to raise the pressure of said further expanded [51] medium, the compressor fonned of a compression chamber 58 Field ofSeareh ..62/6 Within the axially movable displacer of the refrigerator and a piston fixed to the refrigerator housing and extending into the chamber.
  • the invention relates to a device for producing cold at low temperature, which comprises at least one cold-gas refrigerator having at least one compression space of a variable volume and a higher average temperature, as well as at least two expansion spaces of likewise variable volume and lower average temperature than that of the compression space, said spaces communicating with each other; a regenerator is present in each of the communications, with the volume of the said expansion spaces being variable by a pistonlike body which is composed of parts having different diameters.
  • An outlet valve is arranged in the wall of the final expansion space having the lowest average temperature during operation, said valve opening when the pressure in said space is higher than the minimum pressure and preferably is substantially equal to the maximum pressure which occurs in the cold-gas refrigerator.
  • a duct communicates with this valve which duct communicates, via the high-pressure side of one or several heat exchangers, with an expansion device in which the working medium expands; this medium is then in the heat exchange relationship with a place to be cooled, from which space the working medium flows back, viathe low-pressure side of the heat exchangers and a compression device, to an inlet valve which communicates with one of said spaces of the cold-gas refrigerator.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the compression device is formed by a cylinder incorporated in the piston which is capable of varying the volume of the expansion spaces; in this cylinder a hollow further piston rigidly secured to the wall of one of the expansion spaces, can move in such manner that the centerlines of the cylinder and the further piston coincide with or are parallel to the centerline of the relative piston; the further piston communicates on its side connected to the wall, with the duct through which low-pressure working medium can flow from the expansion device to the cold-gas refrigerator, and comprises on its other side a suction valve through which working medium can flow into the cylinder.
  • a pressure valve which opens when the pressure in the cylinder is higher than the minimum, pressure which occurs in the said expansion and compression space.
  • This compression valve forms a communication between the space in the cylinder and a buffer space likewise present in the cylinder, said buffer space communicating, via a nonreturn valve, with an expansion space having a higher average temperature than the expansion space having the lowest average temperature during operation; the nonreturn valve can open in the direction of the said expansion space.
  • the compressor is thus constructed as a part of the cold-gas refrigerator, so that the same can operate very easily at low temperatures. Since consequently no heat exchangers are required any longer between the compressor operating at room temperature and the cold-gas refrigerator, an important simplification has been obtained. Since the compressor is accommodated in the coldgas refrigerator, no extra sealing problems to the outside present themselves.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a cylinder.
  • This cylinder comprises a piston 2 and a displacer which consists of two parts or portions 3 and 4.
  • the piston and the displacer are connected, by means of a piston rod 5 and a displacer rod 6, to a driving mechanism not shown.
  • a compression space 7 is present between the piston 2 and the part 3 of the displacer.
  • the compression space 7 communicates with an intermediate expansion space 11 via a cooler 8, a regenerator 9 and a freezer 10.
  • the volume of the intermediate expansion space 11 is varied during operation by the annular surface 12 which is formed as a result of the difference in diameter between the parts 3 and 4 of the displacer.
  • the intermediate expansion space 11 communicates, via a regenerator l3 and a freezer 14, with the final expansion space 15.
  • the final expansion space 15 communicates with a duct 17 which communicates with a throttle valve 19 via heat exchanger 18.
  • the pressure at which medium is admitted from the expansion space 15 to the system of ducts can be adjusted by suitable choice of the outlet valve 16. After the expansion of the medium in the throttle valve 19, it is conveyed along a place 20 to be cooled, after which the pressure-reduced medium flows back to the cold-gas refrigerator via heat exchanger 18.
  • a cylinder 21 is accommodated in the displacer.
  • a piston 22 which is hollow, and the upper side of which is secured to the wall of the expansion space 15.
  • this body On its lower side this body is closed and comprises a suction valve 23.
  • the interior of the piston At the area 29 the interior of the piston is in open communication with the duct 25 communicating with the throttle valve.
  • the cylinder 21 is closed on its lower side by a plate 26 in which a compression valve 27 is accommodated. Via said valve 27 the space 28 in the cylinder 21 can be made to communicate with a buffer space 29.
  • the buffer space 29 communicates, via a duct 30 and a nonreturn valve 31, with the intermediate expansion space 11.
  • the operation of the cold-gas refrigerator is assumed to be known. Furthermore the operation is as follows: when the pressure in the refrigerator has reached a given value, the outlet valve 16 opens and working medium flows into the duct 17. This medium passes the heat exchanger 18 and then expands in the throttle valve 19 to a pressure which is lower than the minimum pressure which occurs in the cold-gas refrigerator. The expanded very cold medium is then conducted along the place 20 to be cooled where it volatilizes again. When the pressure in the space 28 in the cylinder 21 is lower than the pressure in the duct 25 in which expanded medium is present, the valve 23 opens and said expanded medium is sucked into space 28. When the pressure begins to rise again, the valve 23 closes.
  • the compression valve 27 opens and medium flows in the buffer space 29. So medium is present in the buffer space under a pressure which is equal to the minimum pressure of the refrigerator.
  • the nonreturn valve 31 opens and medium flows from the buffer space into the intermediate expansion space 31.
  • the compression in the space 28 occurs adiabatically so that the working medium will be heated to approximately the temperature of the intermediate expansion space 11, after which the compressed medium is supplied to said space.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device which in general corresponds to the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • the cold-gas refrigerator is constructed as a refrigerator having three expansion spaces, namely the final expansion space and the two intermediate expansion spaces 11 and 51.
  • the displacer is constructed from three parts 3, 52 and 4 having different diameters in which the annular surfaces 12 and 53 vary the volume of the intermediate expansion spaces 11 and 51.
  • the regenerator 54 and the freezer 55 are accommodated between said expansion spaces.
  • the further piston is constructed from two parts 22 and 56 of different diameters.
  • the annular surface 57 varies the volume of a first compression space 58 which communicates, via an inlet valve 23, with the interior of the piston part 22.
  • the end face of the piston part 56 varies the volume of the compression space 28 which communicates, via the outlet valve 27, with the buffer space 29 which opens into the intermediate expansion space 11, via the duct 30 and nonreturn valve 31 incorporated therein, which expansion space is situated nearest to the compression space 7.
  • the compression spaces 58 and 29 are arranged in series by a duct 59 having incorporated therein a buffer space 60.
  • the duct 59 is in heat exchange relationship with the freezer 55 at the area 61.
  • medium which is expanded in the valve 19 is first compressed in the compression space 58, then intermediately cooled at the area 61 to approximately the temperature of the intermediate expansion space 51, and then further compressed in the expansion space 28 to substantially the minimum pressure which occurs in the working space of the refrigerator.
  • This medium in the expansion space 11 is then supplied to the refrigerator. It will be obvious that if the refrigerator comprises more intermediate expansion spaces, the compressor can also be extended. in this manner an extremely reliable and readily operating device for producing cold at low temperatures has been obtained.
  • a device for producing cold at low temperatures comprising at least one cold-gas refrigerator having at least one compression space of a variable volume and a higher average temperature, as well as at least two expansion spaces of likewise variable volume and lower average temperature than that of the compression space, said spaces communicating with each other and a regenerator being present in each of the communications, the volume of the said expansion spaces being variable by a pistonlike body which is constructed from parts having different diameters, an outlet valve being arranged in the wall of the final expansion space having the lowest average temperature during operation, said valve opening when the pressure in said space is higher than the minimum pressure and preferably is substantially equal to the maximum pressure which occurs in the cold-gas refrigerator, a duct communicating with said valve which duct communicates via the high-pressure side of one or more heat exchangers with an expansion device in which the working medium expands, said medium being in heat exchange relationship with a place to be cooled, from which place the working medium flows back, via the low-pressure side of the said heat exchangers and a compression device to an inlet valve which communicates with one of
  • a cold-gas refrigerating apparatus including a displacer movable within a housing and defining therein at least one variable-volume expansion space in which working medium is expanded to a first pressure and temperaturc, this apparatus operable with a further expansion device wherein the medium is further expanded to a second temperature and pressure lower than said first temperature and pressure, the improvement in combination therewith of means for compressing said further expanded medium comprising a compression chamber defined as a bore within said displacer, a piston fixed to said housing and extending into said chamber which chamber moves relative to the piston when the displacer moves, first duct means communicating the further expanded medium from the further expansion device into said compression space, and second duct means communicating the medium from the compression chamber to one of said expansion spaces.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 further comprising a oneway outlet valve for permitting medium flow from said expansion space to said further expansion device, a one-way suction valve for permitting medium flow from said further expansion device to said compression chamber, and another one-way valve for permitting medium flow from the compression chamber to said expansion space.
  • said compression chamber comprises a first part into which said piston extends, and a second part buffer space, and a one-way valve permitting medium flow from said first to said second part of said chamber.
  • said compression chamber comprises a first part into which said piston extends, and a second part buffer space, and a one-way valve permitting medium flow from said first to said second part of said chamber.
  • a cold-gas refrigerating apparatus including a displacer movable within a housing and defining therein at least one variable-volume expansion space in which working medium is expanded to a first pressure and temperature, this apparatus operable with a further expansion device wherein the medium is further expanded to temperature and pressure lower than said first temperature and pressure, the improvement in combination therewith of means for compressing said further expanded medium to be returned to said expansion space for recycling, comprising a compression chamber formed as a bore within said displacer, the bore defining a compression space and a buffer space, and a one-way valve which separates and permits flow only from the compression space into the buffer space, a duct communicating the buffer space to said expansion space with a one-way valve therebetween permitting flow only from the buffer space into the expansion space, a hollow piston secured to the housing and extending into said compression space for compressing medium therein when the displacer moves relative to the fixed piston, a one-way valve in said piston for permitting flow of further expanded medium only from the expansion device through the piston into the compression space
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 having at least two expansion spaces one of higher temperature and pressure than the other, and wherein said compression chambers first part and second buffer part define a first portion, and the chamber comprises a second portion similar to and axially spaced from the first portion, said piston has two portions corresponding to the first and second portions of the compression chamber, and the buffer space of said second portion communicates with said expansion space of higher temperature and pressure.
  • Apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising heat exchange means between the first compression chamber and an expansion space having lower temperature than said first compression space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US16150A 1969-03-06 1970-03-03 Device for producing cold at low temperatures Expired - Lifetime US3638441A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6903436A NL6903436A (de) 1969-03-06 1969-03-06

Publications (1)

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US3638441A true US3638441A (en) 1972-02-01

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US16150A Expired - Lifetime US3638441A (en) 1969-03-06 1970-03-03 Device for producing cold at low temperatures

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US (1) US3638441A (de)
BE (1) BE746842A (de)
DE (1) DE2006907B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2037606A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1305606A (de)
NL (1) NL6903436A (de)
SE (1) SE356358B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3849652A (en) * 1973-06-25 1974-11-19 Texas Instruments Inc Floating annulus for gas porting to a moving heat exchanger
US3889119A (en) * 1973-06-25 1975-06-10 Texas Instruments Inc Cryogenic cooler off-axis drive mechanism for an infrared receiver

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4418724A1 (de) * 1994-05-28 1995-11-30 Leybold Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung sehr tiefer Temperaturen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3101596A (en) * 1960-06-27 1963-08-27 Philips Corp Cold-gas refrigerator
US3327486A (en) * 1964-02-11 1967-06-27 Philips Corp Device for producing cold at low temperatures and cold-gas refrigerator particularly suitable for use in such a device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3101596A (en) * 1960-06-27 1963-08-27 Philips Corp Cold-gas refrigerator
US3327486A (en) * 1964-02-11 1967-06-27 Philips Corp Device for producing cold at low temperatures and cold-gas refrigerator particularly suitable for use in such a device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3849652A (en) * 1973-06-25 1974-11-19 Texas Instruments Inc Floating annulus for gas porting to a moving heat exchanger
US3889119A (en) * 1973-06-25 1975-06-10 Texas Instruments Inc Cryogenic cooler off-axis drive mechanism for an infrared receiver

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2006907B2 (de) 1980-07-03
FR2037606A5 (de) 1970-12-31
SE356358B (de) 1973-05-21
BE746842A (fr) 1970-09-04
NL6903436A (de) 1970-09-08
GB1305606A (de) 1973-02-07
DE2006907A1 (de) 1970-09-24

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